Open  Data  Changes  Lives  

Dr.  Frannie  A.  Léau6er  Chairperson  and  Co-­‐Founding  Partner  

Mkoba  Private  Equity  Fund  

Why  Should  the  Private  Sector  Care  About  Open  Data?  

Sectoral  Distribu/on  of  Companies  in  Africa  using  Open  Data  based  on  World  Bank  Survey  

Informa6on  Technology    

30%  

Agriculture    16%  

Finance    12%  

Research/Consul6ng    

12%  

 Services    10%  

 Retail    7%  

Geospa6al/Mapping    

5%  

 Social    2%  

 Real  Estate  2%  

Construc6on  2%   Healthcare  2%  

Channels  by  which  open  data  helps  the  private  sector  

•  Policy  predictability:    deeper  links  between  Policies  and  Impacts  allowing  evidence-­‐based  decision-­‐making  

•  Poli6cal  Uncertainty:  enabled  linkages  between  Poli6cs  and  Policy  

•  Price  Transparency:    access  to  price  informa6on  across  markets  

•  Business  Opportuni6es:    new  business  models  and  plaZorms  Source:    World  Bank,  Digital  Data  Divide  

What  Examples  Exist  of  Changed  Lives  from  Open  Data?  

Examples  from  Prac/ce  in  Africa  •  Services:    Budget  

transparency;  and  access  to  services  (waste  collec6on  &  urban  transport)  

•  Agriculture:    food  prices;  and  access  to  inputs  

•  Research/Consul6ng:    access  to  cassava  data  for  research  and  learning;  and  risk  management  for  pandemics  

•  Healthcare:    access  to  pharmaceu6cals;  and  managing  pandemics  

0   20   40   60   80   100  

South  Africa  Uganda  Namibia  Malawi  

Botswana  Ghana  Kenya  

Mozambique  Tanzania  Liberia  Mali  

Sierra  Leone  Morocco  Angola  

Burkina  Faso  Zimbabwe  

DRC  Nigeria  Algeria  Egypt  

Cameroon  Senegal  Rwanda  Niger  

Zambia  Chad  Benin  

Open  Budget  Index  Rankings  2014  

Policy  Predictability:    Open  Data  Deepens  Links  Between  Policies  and  Impacts  Allowing  Evidence-­‐Based  Decision-­‐making  

Measurability  

Informa6on  Asymmetry  

Moral  Hazard  

Preference  Myopia  

Accountability  &  Incen6ves  

Measurement  Errors  

Taken  from  Léau6er,  F.  (2014):    Leadership  in  a  Globalized  World:    Complexity,  Dynamics  and  Risks.    Pages  199-­‐203.    London:  Palgrave  MacMillan.      

Open  Data  allows  effec6ve  evolu6on  of  links  between  key  policies  and  economic  and  social  impacts  by  enhancing:    (a)  enhancing  

measurability;    (b)  addressing  informa6on  

asymmetry;    (c)  limi6ng  moral  hazard;  (d)  reducing  preference  

myopia;  (e)  reducing  measurement  

errors;  and  (f)   introducing  

accountability  &  incen6ves.  

Poli6cal  Uncertainty:    Open  Data  Enables  Linkages  Between  Poli6cs  and  Policy  

Policy  Cycles  

Budget  Cycles  

Elec6on  Cycles  

Elec6on  Myopia  

Informa6on  Asymmetry  

Poli6cal  Expediency  

Poli6cal  Risk  Challenge  

Budget  Transparency  

Policy-­‐Poli6cs  Gap  

Taken  from  Léau6er,  F.  (2014):    Leadership  in  a  Globalized  World:    Complexity,  Dynamics  and  Risks.    Pages  199-­‐203.    London:  Palgrave  MacMillan.      

Governance:    Tackling  ci6zen  myopia  and  increasing  transparency  and  accountability  

Ci/zen  Enabled-­‐-­‐Interac/ve  

•  Tweets,  interac6ve  data,  and  infographics  to  enhance  ci6zen  understanding  of  budget  and  engagement  on  cri6cal  policy  tradeoffs  

Government  Enabled-­‐-­‐Website  

•  Provides  an  Interac6ve  Map  and  Budget  Breakdown  (capital  budget  and  u6li6es  services  budget)  

•  Provides  access  to  ci6zens  and  investors  on  service  provision  and  efficiency  

Waste  Management  Trucks  as  Data  Collec6on  Ants  in    PPP  Between  Local  Government  and  IBM  for  Applied  Research  in  Nairobi  

Challenge:    Illegal  behavior  by  drivers  of  garbage  trucks  to  transport  sand  and  building  stones  for  private  businesses  instead  of  collec6ng  and  disposing  garbage.    

Context:    Roads  riddled  with  potholes  causing  havoc  to  traffic  and  contribu6ng  to  congested  roads  and  air  pollu6on  

Solu6on:    garbage  trucks  fiked  with  mobile  phones,  modified  gyroscope  &  accelerator  

Result:    Trucks  ac6ng  as  “data  collec6on  ants”  gather  data  on  road  condi6ons  making  it  easier  to  know  where  to  spend  resources……Garbage  collec6on  increased  from  800  to  1,400  metric  tons  a  day  

Buying  &  Selling:    Africa  Food  Prices  Number  of  Countries  Repor/ng  

3  

25  

34  

0  

5  

10  

15  

20  

25  

30  

35  

40  

2013  Oct   2014  Jul   2015  Aug  

#  Countries  

Trends  in  Price  Data:    Pasteurized  Unskimmed  Milk  ($  per  litre)  #   2013  Oct   2014  Jul   2015  Aug  

1   Zambia  (1.38)   Ghana  (3.49)   Cameroon  (3.22)  

2   Senegal  (1.25)   Nigeria  (3.07)   Nigeria  (3.22)  

3   Tunisia  (0.65)   DRC  (2.49)   Eritrea  (3.08)  

4   Cameroon  (2.49)   DRC  (2.82)  

5   Togo  (2.49)   Ghana  (2.76)  

6   Benin  (2.38)   Togo  (2.40)  

7   Mauri6us  (1.74)   Benin  (2.34)  

8   Cote  d’Ivoire  (1.71)   Gabon  (2.30)  

9   Zambia  (1.72)   Mali  (2.27)  

10   Botswana  (1.54)   Cote  d’Ivoire  (1.94)  

Source:    AfDB  Open  Data  Ini6a6ve  at  africafoodprices.io  

Benefits  to  farmers  through  beker  prices;  consumers  through  cheaper  prices  as  a  result  of  price  compe66on  across  and  within  countries;  and  to  health  through  child  nutri6on.  

Open  Data  &  Investments  in  Cashew  Nut  Value  Chain  

PRIVATE  INVESTORS  Equity/Proceeds  

Commodity  

Warehouse  Receipt  

Informa/on  

Reports  

Sales  of  Commodity  

Payments  

Sales  Contracts  

Proceeds  

COMMODITY  MARKETS  

DEPOSITOR  

WAREHOUSE  OPERATOR  

9  

Access  to  Data  for  Research  &  Learning  

S&T  and  Applied  Research  

•  Cassava  is  a  main  staple  for  over  500  million  people  globally  

•  It  is  indispensable  for  food  security  in  Africa  

Value  of  Open  Data  on  Cassava  

•  Data  and  tools  for  breeders  and  researchers  enhance  produc6vity  

•  Examples  include:  –  genomic  selec6on  algorithms  

and  analysis  capacity;  

–  cassava  genome  browser  and  ontology  tools;  

–   phenotyping  tools,  maps  &  markers;  and    

–  social  networking  capability  

Health  Services:    Cheaper  and  Speedier  Pharmaceu6cals  

Tackling  Speed  in  Urgent  Health  Transac/ons   Value  of  Open  Data  

•  Fast  access  to  stocks  of  medica6on  by  loca6on  to  handle  urgent  and  emergency  needs  for  medica6on  

•  Effec6ve  logis6cs  and  supply  chain  management  of  pharmaceu6cal  stocks  with  poten6al  value  during  emergencies  and  pandemics  in  addi6on  to  day-­‐to-­‐day  urgent  needs  

•  Large  demand  for  safe  and  speedy  solu6ons  to  pharmaceu6cal  needs  

•  Speed  Pharma  created  as  an  informa6on  network  built  on  an  Internet  plaZorm  with  purchasing  and  delivery  service  

•  Organized  delivery  of  medica6on  and  op6mized  management  of  medicine  stocks  

•  >6-­‐7  days  •  Depleted  stocks  

Before  •  <72  hours  

•  Always  in  stock  

Auer  

Effec6ve  risk  management  changes  lives.    How  does  Open  Data  support  Risk  Management?  

Provide  data  to  enhance  effec/veness  of  parametric  measures  

•  Residual  risk-­‐what  cannot  be  measured?  

Provide  insights  and  informa/on  for  the  use  of  non-­‐parametric  measures  

•  What  cant  you  see  or  what  dont  you  know?  

Risk  Management:    Pandemics  Ebola  Crisis  Page—Humanitarian  Data  Exchange  

25/08/15 19:22Ebola crisis page - Humanitarian Data Exchange

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Cumulative Cases of Ebola

Hover over a country/district

Leaflet (http://leafletjs.com) | © OpenStreetMap (http://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright)

0–11–100100–300300–800800+

West Africa: Ebola Outbreak

Cumulative Cases of Ebola

27,987 100.0%

WHOData (https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/ebola-cases-2014) - Explore

(http://docs.hdx.rwlabs.org/west-africa-ebola-outbreak-visualization/) -Aug 17, 2015

Cumulative Deaths from Ebola

11,299 100.0%

WHOData (https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/ebola-cases-2014) - Explore

(http://docs.hdx.rwlabs.org/west-africa-ebola-outbreak-visualization/) -Aug 17, 2015

Response Plan Coverage

68.7 %OCHA FTSData (https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/!s-ebola-coverage)

(http://simonbjohnson.github.io/ebola-!s-dashboard/)

People Receiving Food Assistance

3 millionWFPData (https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/number-of-people-reached-

with-food-assistance-in-emergency-settings) - Explore

(http://simonbjohnson.github.io/Ebola_Market_prices/)

Open Ebola Treatment Centers

27UNMEERData (https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/ebola-treatment-centers) -Explore

(http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/07/31/world/africa/ebola-

virus-outbreak-qa.html?_r=1) - Jul 08, 2015

Currently Affected Countries

4WHOData (https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/ebola-cases-2014) - Jul 01,

2015

Week by Week Spread of Ebola in West Africa

Value  of  Open  Humanitarian  Data  

•  130  curated  indicators  that  are  comparable  across  countries  for  researchers,  policy  makers,  and  business  needs  

•  User-­‐contributed  data  by  loca6on,  topic,  and  organiza6on  that  lowers  the  cost  of  data  collec6on  and  allows  speedier  «  knowing  »  of  ground-­‐truth  

What  needs  to  be  done  to  support  open  data  solu6ons  in  Africa?  

Government  Role  

•  Enact  policies  that  enable  access  to  data  and  informa6on  

•  Provide  framework  and  backbone  for  investments  in  technology,  data  collec6on  and  analysis  

•  Publish  policies,  budgets  and  outcomes  and  engage  in  dialogue  

Ci/zen  Role  

•  Contribute  to  providing  data  on  services  

•  Engage  in  commen6ng  on  policies,  budgets,  and  outcomes  

•  Use  data  for  effec6ve  decision-­‐making  on  consump6on,  services,  and  poli6cal  engagement