kermanshah bisotun

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YOU CAN WATCH THIS PRESENTATION IN MUSIC HERE: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/michaelasanda-1450149-kermanshah-bisotun1/ Thank you Darius I king of ancient Persia, whose reign lasted from 522 to 486. He seized power after killing king Gaumâta, fought a civil war (described in the Bisotun inscription), and was finally able to refound the Achaemenid empire, which had been very loosely organized until then. Darius fought several foreign wars, which brought him to India and Thrace. When he died, the Persian Empire had reached its largest extent. He was succeeded by his son Xerxes. In the Bisotun inscription, Darius tells about his coup d'état and the civil war.

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Great Mount Bisotun stands some 32 km away from Kermanshah along the main road to Hamedan. On the roadside, there are Achaemenid inscriptions and bas-relief engraved high (100 and 40-50 meters above the ground) on the Bisotun cliff.

Muntele Bisotun se află la o distanţă de cca 32 kilometri de Kermanshah, de-a lungul drumului care duce la Hamadan. Chiar lângă drum, pe stânca Bisotun, există basoreliefuri Ahemenide şi inscripţii realizate la înălţime de 100 şi respectiv 50 de metri deasupra solului

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In Antiquity, Bagastâna, which means 'place where the gods dwell', was the name of a village and a remarkable, isolated rock along the road that connected the capitals of Babylonia and Media, Babylon and Ecbatana (modern Hamadan). Many travelers passed along this place, so it was the logical place for the Persian king Darius I the Great (522-486) to proclaim his military victories.

În antichitate Bagastâna, care înseamnă „acolo unde locuiesc zeii”, era numele unui sat şi a stâncii de lângă drumul care lega cele două capitale, Babilonul şi Ecbatana. Datorită mulţimii călătorilor care treceau pe aici locul era foarte potrivit pentru amplasarea inscripţiilor prin care Darius cel Mare (522-486 î.Hr) îşi proclama victoriile militare.

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Complexul Bisotun face parte din Patrimoniul Universal UNESCO, are o suprafaţă de 116 hectare şi este format din 19 monumente istorice

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Darius I king of ancient Persia, whose reign lasted from 522 to 486. He seized power after killing king Gaumâta, fought a civil war (described in the Bisotun inscription), and was finally able to refound the Achaemenid empire, which had been very loosely organized until then. In the Bisotun inscription, Darius tells about his coup d'état and the civil war. The full text of the inscription can be found here.

Darius I regele Persiei a domnit din anul 522 până în anul 486 î.Hr. El a preluat puterea după uciderea regelui Gaumâta, a luptat în războiul civil descris în inscripţia de la Bisotun şi a fost în cele din urmă capabil să restabilească Imperiul Ahemenid, foarte slab organizat până atunci. În inscripţia de la Bisotun Darius cel Mare descrie lovitura de stat şi războiul civil

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The famous Behistun inscription was engraved on a cliff about 100 meters off the ground. Darius tells us how the supreme god Ahuramazda choose him to dethrone an usurper named Gaumâta, how he set out to quell several revolts, and how he defeated his foreign enemies

Faimoasa inscripţie de la Bisotun a fost săpată în piatră pe o stâncă, la o înălţime de cca 100 de metri. Darius ne spune cum Ahuramazda, zeul suprem, l-a ales pe el să-l detroneze pe uzurpatorul Gaumâta, cum a înăbuşit el mai multe revolte şi cum şi-a învins duşmanii din afară

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The inscription is approximately 15 meters high by 25 meters wide and includes three versions of the same text, written in three different cuneiform script languages: Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian. Altogether, 1119 lines of inscriptions tell the story of the battles Darius had to wage in 521-520 BC against the local rebel governors following the deaths of Cyrus the Great and Cambyses II.

Inscripţia de 15m înălţime şi 25m lungime include trei versiuni ale aceluiaşi text scris cu caractere cuneiforme în trei limbi: persană veche, elamită şi babiloniană. În total 1119 rânduri relatează luptele lui Darius împotriva guvernatorilor locali rebeli, care au urmat după moartea lui Cyrus cel Mare şi a lui Cambyses II

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In effect, the inscription is to cuneiform what the Rosetta Stone is to Egyptian hieroglyphs: the document most crucial in the decipherment of a previously lost script.Într-adevăr inscripţia este pentru cuneiforme ceea ce Piatra Rosetta este pentru hieroglifele egiptene: documentul cel mai important în descifrarea unei scrieri mai înainte pierdute.

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Darius introduced his family and him at the beginning of the inscription and then he explains defeat and murder of Gautama in details and at the end he bless those who report and protect the inscription and curses the other who may doubt or attempt the record.

La începutul inscripţiei Darius îşi prezintă familia şi pe sine însuşi şi apoi explică înfrângerea şi uciderea lui Gautama în detaliu iar la sfârşit adaugă binecuvântări pentru cei ce respectă monumentul şi un blestem pe cei care încearcă să-l distrugă

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The bas relief 6m long and 3.5 m wide represents Darius conquest over his enemies. The prisoners are in front of the king and their leader Gautama lies under the foot of Darius. He puts up his hands indicating submitted to the king. Above the head of captives Farvahar (symbol of Ahoramazda) is granting the ring of power to the king

Basorelieful cu o lungime de 6 metri şi 3.5 metri înălţime reprezintă victoria lui Darius împotriva duşmanilor săi. Prizonierii sunt în faţa regelui iar conducătorul lor, Gautama, zace sub piciorul lui Darius. El ridică mâinile în semn că se predă regelui. Deasupra capului captivilor Farvahar (simbolul lui Ahoramazda) îi acordă regelui inelul puterii

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We must be thankful for the fact that after the monument had been completed the king ordered the stairway removed and the path and part of the cliff sheared off, eliminating all means of access to the relief and inscriptions, which until recently have thus been accessible only by means of a steep and difficult climb up the rock face. Datorită faptului că după realizarea monumentului regele a dispus distrugerea scării şi prăbuşirea unei părţi din stâncă, eliminând toate căile de acces până la inscripţie, ea a rezistat secolelor.

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Statue of Darius, once erected in Egypt, but later brought to Susa. (Archeological Museum of Tehran)

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Next to the inscription there are also other monuments such as the Seleucid mid-second century BC sculpture of Hercules on the back of a lion with a rather worn inscription in Greek and some Parthian and Safavid inscriptions and bas-reliefs.

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Iran

Text : Internet

Pictures: Nicoleta Leu

Sanda Foişoreanu

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