july 5, 2019 - hawaii · 2019. 7. 12. · the draft environmental impact statement (deis) for...
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Kealia Properties, LLC Date
July 5, 2019
This final environmental impact statement and all ancillary documents were prepared under the signatory’s direction or supervision, and the information submitted, to the best of the signatory’s knowledge, fully addresses document content requirements as set forth in Chapter 343, Hawai‘i Revised Statutes, and Section 11-200-18, Hawai‘i Administrative Rules.
July 2019
Prepared For: Kealia Properties, LLC
Prepared By: HHF Planners
Keälia Mauka HomesitesFinal Environmental Impact Statement
Keālia, Kaua’i County
Kealia Properties, LLCLLLLLL
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July 2019
Prepared For: Kealia Properties, LLC
Prepared By: HHF Planners
Keälia Mauka HomesitesFinal Environmental Impact Statement
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PREFACE Keālia Mauka Homesites Final Environmental Impact Statement
i
PREFACE TheDraftEnvironmentalImpactStatement(DEIS)forKeāliaMaukaHomesiteswaspublishedinApril2018.TheDEISunderwenta45‐daypubliccommentperiodthatendedonJune22,2018.BasedoncommentsreceivedduringtheDEIScommentperiod,anumberofrevisionswereincorporatedintothisFinalEnvironmentalImpactStatement(FEIS).
TofacilitatereviewoftheFEIS(pursuanttotherequirementsofSection11‐200‐18,Hawai‘iAdministrativeRules),substantiveadditionstothetext(beginningwiththeSummaryandincludingChapters1through9)areshownwithadoubleunderlineandsubstantivedeletionsareshownwithastrikethrough.Non‐substantiverevisions(e.g.,correctionsofmisspellingsandtypographicalerrors,renumberingoftheTableofContents,etc.)arenotannotatedinthisway.SubstantivechangessincetheDEISaresummarizedbelow:
SignaturePage
AddedcoverpagesignedbyKeāliaProperties,LLC.
General/GlobalEdits
Clarifiedthatthe“ProposedAction”includesbothdevelopmentofaresidentialsubdivisiononthe53.4acre“PetitionArea,”andutilityandinfrastructureimprovementsin“Off‐SiteAreas.”
TaxMapKey(TMK):includedTMKforOff‐SiteAreas
o PetitionArea:(4)4‐7‐004:001por
o Off‐SiteAreas:(4)4‐6‐014por,and(4)4‐7‐003:002por.
Includedfullerdescriptionofoff‐siteroadwayandutilityimprovements.Theseoff‐siteimprovementswillsupportthesubdivision,andaspartoftheProposedAction,areincludedintheHRSChapter343environmentalreview.However,theoff‐siteimprovementsarenotpartofthePetitionforaLandUseDistrictBoundaryAmendment.
Off‐Siteimprovementsinclude: Sewerimprovementsincludingapumpstationandasewermainextensiontoan
existingsewermanholeneartheKaiakeaFireStation.ThenewsewermainwillfollowKeāliaRoadfromKa‘aoRoadtoKūhiōHighway,thenturnsouthalongthemaukasideofthehighwayright‐of‐way,endingatasewermanholeneartheKaiakeaFireStation.
ImprovementstoKeāliaRoadtoenhancesafetyforvehicles,pedestriansandbicyclists.TheseroadwayimprovementswereaddedtotheProposedActionsubsequenttopublicationoftheDEIS.
RoundaboutattheKeāliaRoad‐KūhiōHighwayintersection.SincepublicationoftheDEIS,theCountyDepartmentofPublicWorks(DPW)hasindicatedthataroundaboutistheCounty’spreferredalternative,anditispresentedassuchintheFEIS. However,botharoundaboutandtrafficsignalremainviabletrafficsolutions.
AllfiguresmodifiedtoshowlocationofOff‐SiteimprovementsinadditiontoPetitionAreaimprovements
InChapters3and4,addedseparatesectionsandanalysisof“PetitionArea”improvementsand“Off‐Site”improvements
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PREFACE Keālia Mauka Homesites Final Environmental Impact Statement
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Changedallreferencesto“potablewater”to“drinkingwater”andreferencesto“non‐potablewater”to“non‐drinkingwater”perDepartmentofHealth(DOH)conventionalterminology
Summary(New)
AddednewSummarychapter,providinganoverviewofprojectdescription,benefitsandimpacts,proposedmitigation,alternativesconsidered,unresolvedissues,andcompatibilitywithlanduseplansandpolicies
Chapter1,Introduction
Section1.1:ModifiedProjectSummarytabletoincludeoff‐siteimprovementstotheProposedAction,andaddedstatusofallPermitsRequired
Section1.6:ListednewtechnicalstudiescompletedandincludedsinceDEIS
Figure1‐2:Correctedroadnames(HauaalaRoad)
Chapter2,ProposedActionandAlternatives
Section2.2:ReferencednewletterfromKaua‘iCountyPlanningDepartmentdatedSeptember27,2018reaffirmingconfirmingprojectconsistencywiththeKaua‘iGeneralPlan
Section2.3:Expandedprojectdescriptiontoincludeoff‐siteimprovements(KeāliaRoadimprovements;KeāliaRoad‐KūhiōHighwayroundabout;andsewermainextension)
AddednewFigure2‐1showinglocationof“PetitionArea”and“Off‐SiteImprovements”
Section2.3.1:Addedestimateofnumberofaffordableunitsandestimatedsalesprices(Table2‐1),addedestimatedpricerangeformarketlots
Section2.3.1.2:ClarifiedthatPetitionerwillfundcostofimprovementsandnopublicfundswillberequested
Section2.3.2 Addednewsectiondescribingoff‐siteimprovements,includingnewFigure2‐3showingcrosssectionofKeāliaRoadimprovements
Section2.3.2.4:Updateddevelopmentscheduletoincludeoff‐siteimprovements
Section2.3.2.5:Updateddevelopmentcoststoincludeoff‐siteimprovements
Section2.4:Addedalternatives“PostponingActionPendingFurtherStudy”and“AlternativeLocationsfortheProject”
Chapter3,NaturalandPhysicalEnvironment
Globaledits:addedseparatediscussionofPetitionAreaandOff‐Site(existingconditionsandprojectimpacts)
Section3.4.2:UpdatedtoincludeupdatedHydrogeologicalLetterReport(TNWRE,September2018)addressingwatersourceforanarealo‘iandthepotentialforprojectimpacts.UpdatedTNWREletterisincludedinAppendixI
Section3.5.1.3:AddeddiscussionofExtremeTsunamievacuationzones
Section3.6:AddedresultsofadditionalbotanicalsurveyforOff‐Siteareas.UpdatedbotanicalstudyisincludedinAppendixB
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PREFACE Keālia Mauka Homesites Final Environmental Impact Statement
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Section3.7:AddedresultsofadditionalbiologicalsurveyforOff‐Siteareas.UpdatedbiologicalstudyisincludedinAppendixC
Section3.7.2:AddedmitigationtofollowDOFAWguidanceifohiatreesareremoved,trimmedorpotentiallyinjured
Section3.7.2:Addedmitigationrequiringnodisturbancetowoodyplantsgreaterthan15feettallfrom6/1to9/15toavoidpotentialimpactstotheHawaiianhoarybat
Section3.7.2:Addedmitigationforhomeownerstousefullyshieldedoutdoorlightstoavoidimpactstoendangeredseabirds
Section3.8:AddednewSection3.8,MarineBiologicalResources,addressingmarinebiotaandpotentialprojectimpacts
Chapter4,HumanEnvironment
Globaledits:addedseparatediscussionofPetitionAreaandOff‐Site(existingconditionsandprojectimpacts)
Section4.3:IncludedresultsofnewDraftNoiseMeasurementandEvaluationReportbyCENSEOAV+Acoustics(October19,2018,AppendixJ)addressingimpactsonnearbyresidencesandproposedmitigation
Section4.4:IncludedfindingsofnewArchaeologicalInventorySurvey(AIS)reportbyCulturalSurveysHawai‘i(CSH),preparedinresponsetoletterfromStateHistoricPreservationDivision(SHPD)toStateLandUseCommissiondatedOctober3,2018.AISreportisincludedasAppendixD2
Section4.4.3:UpdatedstatusandreferencedChapter6E‐8correspondencebetweenStateLandUseCommissionandDLNRStateHistoricPreservationDivision(SHPD)regardingreviewofarchaeologicalliteraturereviewandfieldinspection.AllChapter6E‐8correspondenceisincludedinAppendixD3
Section4.4.4:NewsectionpresentingtheresultsofArcheologicalInventorySurveyreport,includingnewTable4‐8providinglistingofHistoricPropertiesIdentifiedWithinthePetitionAreaandOff‐SiteProjectAreas,newFigure4‐4showinglocationofsites,anddiscussionofsignificanceassessmentsandmitigationrecommendations
Section4.5:IncorporatedamendedCulturalImpactAssessment(CIA)(CSH,October2018),whichaddressedcommentsreceivedduringDEIScommentperiod.RevisedCIAincludesdocumentationofKeālia’splantationhistoryduringthe1950s,1960sand1970s.AdditionaloutreachandconsultationwasconductedinJuly2018toindividualsrecommendedbyWailua‐Kapa‘aNeighborhoodAssociationandothersaffiliatedwithLīhu‘ePlantation.RevisedCIAisincludedinAppendixE
Section4.5.2.2andSection4.5.2.3:Addedsummaryofnon‐culturallyrelevantandculturallyrelevantcommunityconcernsraisedduringCIA
Section4.5.2.4,(CulturalResources)Analysis:AddedstatementaddressingHawaiiancustomaryandtraditionalrightsunderArticleXII,Section7oftheHawai‘iStateConstitution
Section4.5.2.5:IncludedCIArecommendationsandadiscussionofhowtheywillbeincorporated
Section4.71.2:ClarifiedstatusofCountyIALstudy
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PREFACE Keālia Mauka Homesites Final Environmental Impact Statement
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Section4.7.2:Clarifiedlocationanduseofadditional86acresthatwasaddedtocurrentgrazingleasetocompensateforlossofKeāliaMaukaacreage
Section4.8:IncorporatedfindingsofPhaseIEnvironmentalSiteAssessment(ESA)(EnviroServices&TrainingCenter,September2018),focusingonthe53acrePetitionArea,perrecommendationofStateLandUseCommission.StudyincludedasAppendixK
Section4.10.1:Addeddiscussionofcommunicationfacilitiesandimpacts
Section4.10.2.2:ProvidedadditionalinformationfromTNWREongroundwaterimpacts,perupdatedmemorandum(revisedSeptember19,2018)
Section4.10.3:AddedinformationaboutCountywastewaterfacilitiesandprojectsunderwayanddiscussionofWailuaFacilityPlan
Section4.10.3:Addednewfigure(Figure4‐7)showingexistingandprojectedwastewatersystem
Section4.10.3.2:AddeddescriptionofproposedwastewaterimprovementswithinPetitionAreaandOff‐Site
Section4.10.4.2:Addeddiscussionofoff‐sitedrainageimprovementsandimpacts
Section4.10.5.2:Addressedoff‐siteconstructiondebristobedisposed
Section4.11:UpdatedfindingsandrecommendationsfromtheTrafficImpactAnalysisReport(TIAR)(AustinTsutsumi&Associates,Inc.(ATA),May2019).TIARisincludedinAppendixH
RoundaboutatKeāliaRoad‐KūhiōHighwayintersectionpresentedaspreferredmitigationoption,atdirectionofCountyofKaua‘i
IncludednewFigure4‐11showingconceptualroundabout
Section4.12.3:Addeddiscussionofemergencymanagementservicesandcivildefense
Section4.12.4:Expandeddiscussionofprojectimpactsonschoolfacilities,inthemaximumimpactscenariowhereallstudentscomefromoutsidetheKapa‘aarea
Section4.12.4:ClarifiedthattheDepartmentofEducationwillnotrequestinganEducationContributionAgreement,percorrespondencewiththeDOE
Section4.12.5and4.12.6:Expandeddiscussionofparksandrecreationandpostalservices
Chapter5,RelationshiptoLandUseLaws,PoliciesandControls
Section5.2.1.3:DiscussedSeptember27,2018letterfromMichaelDahilig,PlanningDepartmentDirector,inresponsetoDEIScommentsandDepartmentalDeterminationDD‐2016‐70,regardingprojectconsistencywiththeCountyGeneralPlan.LetterisincludedinAppendixA
UpdatedtoincludediscussionofOff‐Siteimprovementsinrelationtoplans,policiesandcontrols
Section5.2.5:UpdatedTable5‐1toincludethepercentageandestimatednumberoflotsmeetingtheCounty’sworkforcehousingpolicy
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PREFACE Keālia Mauka Homesites Final Environmental Impact Statement
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Chapter6,OtherImpactsandIssues
Section6.2:Expandeddiscussionofcumulativeandsecondaryimpacts
Section6.4:Addeddiscussionofotherinterestsandconsiderationsofgovernmentpoliciesthataffectadverseeffects
Section6.5:Supplementeddiscussionofunresolvedissues:roundaboutorsignalatKūhiōHighway,wastewaterservice,locationofwastewaterpumpstation,sewerlinebridgecrossing,compliancewithCountypolicy
Chapter7,EISPreparerandContributors
Updatedlistoftechnicalconsultants(e.g.,acoustic,PhaseIESA)
Chapter8,References
Updatedreferencesandlistoftechnicalstudies
Chapter9,PartiesConsultedDuringthePreparationoftheDraftandFinalEIS
UpdatedtoincludeDEIScommentlettersandresponsesandsummaryofDEIScomments
AppendixA
AddedletterfromMichaelDahilig,Kaua‘iCountyPlanningDirectordatedSeptember27,2018,Re:CommentsonChapter343DisclosureProcess,DepartmentalDeterminationDD‐2016‐70.LettersupportsprojectandreconfirmsitsconsistencywithKaua‘iGeneralPlan
AppendixB
AddedDecember2018BotanicalAssessmentforProposedRoadWidening,RoundaboutandSewerImprovements(supplementalstudyforoff‐siteimprovementareas)
AppendixC
AddedDecember2018FaunalSurveyConductedfortheSewageLine,KeāliaPropertiesProject(supplementalstudyforoff‐siteimprovementareas)
AppendixD1(New)
FormerAppendixDhasbeensplitintotwoseparateappendices:D1andD2.AppendixD1includestheArchaeologicalLiteratureReviewandFieldInspection(CSH,2018)andassociatedHRSChapter6E‐8correspondence
AppendixD2(New)
IncludesAISReport(CSH,2019)preparedsubsequenttotheDEISpublication
AppendixD3(New)NewappendixwithallChapter6E‐8correspondence,includingcorrespondencebetweenLUCandSHPDrelatedtotheLiteratureReviewandFieldInspection(LRFI)andtheArchaeologicalInventorySurvey(AIS)report
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PREFACE Keālia Mauka Homesites Final Environmental Impact Statement
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AppendixE
ReplacedCulturalImpactAssessment(CIA)(CSH,2018)withupdatedCIAfortheProposedKeāliaSubdivisionandAssociatedSewerLineProject(March,2019).RevisedCIAincludesPetitionAreaandoff‐siteimprovements
IncludeslettertoAhaMokuAdvisoryCommitteedatedJune19,2019requestingreviewofCIA
AppendixF
AddedletterfromTomHolliday,CBREdatedApril9,2019,Subject:ResponsetoLUCandDOECommentsRegardingMarketandEconometricStudiesoftheProposedKeāliaMaukaHomesitesDevelopment
AppendixH
ReplacedpreviousTrafficImpactAnalysisReportwithrevisedTIAR(ATA,May2019)addressingKeāliaRoadimprovements,andpresentingaroundaboutasCounty‐preferredmitigationatKeāliaRoad‐KūhiōHighwayintersection.AttheHDOT’srequest,furtherdiscussionofthetrafficsignalalternativeisincluded,includingevaluationofeliminatingskewedapproachofKeāliaRoadatKūhiōHighway;andinclusionofrecommendedleft‐turnstoragelengthsalongKūhiōHighwayatKeāliaRoad.AttheHDOT’srequest,theTIARincludesmoreindepthdiscussionofexistingandfuturepedestrianandbicycleinfrastructure
AppendixI
ReplacedoriginalApril2018memorandumbyTomNanceWaterResourceEngineering(TNWRE)withupdatedmemorandumonSubject:PotentialImpactofAdditionalUseoftheTwoKeāliaWaterSystemWells(revisedSeptember19,2018)
AppendixJ
AddednewNoiseMeasurementandEvaluationReport(CENSEOAV+Acoustics,2018),completedsubsequenttopublicationofDEIS
AppendixK
AddednewPhaseIESAforPetitionArea,EnviroServices2018,completedsubsequenttopublicationofDEIS
AppendixL
AddedletterfromStateDepartmentofTransportation,HighwaysDivisiondatedFebruary25,2019confirmingproposedKapa‘aStreamBridgewillaccommodatetheproject’s8‐inchsewermain
AppendixM
AddedemailfromStateofHawai‘iDepartmentofEducation,OfficeofSchoolFacilitiesandSupportServicesdatedAugust1,2018confirmingDOEwillnotrequestfairsharecontribution
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Keālia Mauka Homesites TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Environmental Impact Statement
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Table of Contents Preface...................................................................................................................................................................i
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................................S‐1
1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................................1‐1 1.1 ProjectSummary............................................................................................................................1‐1 1.2 Petitioner...........................................................................................................................................1‐4 1.3 AcceptingAuthority......................................................................................................................1‐4 1.4 EnvironmentalPlanningConsultant......................................................................................1‐5 1.5 CompliancewithHawai‘iEnvironmentalReviewLaws................................................1‐5 1.6 StudiesContributingtothisFEIS............................................................................................1‐6
2.0 ProposedActionandAlternatives..........................................................................................2‐1 2.1 BackgroundHistory......................................................................................................................2‐1 2.2 ProjectPurpose,NeedandObjectives...................................................................................2‐2 2.3 ProjectDescription........................................................................................................................2‐3
2.3.1 PetitionAreaImprovements.....................................................................................2‐3 2.3.2 Off‐SiteImprovements.................................................................................................2‐7 2.3.3 DevelopmentScheduleandCosts...........................................................................2‐9
2.4 AlternativesConsidered...........................................................................................................2‐10 2.4.1 NoAction........................................................................................................................2‐10 2.4.2 AgriculturalSubdivisionDevelopment..............................................................2‐10 2.4.3 VariationsinDevelopmentDensity.....................................................................2‐11 2.4.4 VariationsinPetitionArea......................................................................................2‐12 2.4.5 TurnkeyHomesForSale..........................................................................................2‐12 2.4.6 PostponingActionPendingFurtherStudy.......................................................2‐13 2.4.7 AlternativeLocationsfortheProposedProject.............................................2‐13
3.0 NaturalandPhysicalEnvironment.........................................................................................3‐1 3.1 Climate................................................................................................................................................3‐1
3.1.1 ExistingConditions........................................................................................................3‐1 3.1.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation............................................................................3‐2
3.2 GeologyandTopography............................................................................................................3‐3 3.2.1 ExistingConditions........................................................................................................3‐3 3.2.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation............................................................................3‐3
3.3 Soils......................................................................................................................................................3‐4 3.3.1 ExistingConditions........................................................................................................3‐4 3.3.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation............................................................................3‐6
3.4 WaterResourcesandHydrology.............................................................................................3‐7 3.4.1 ExistingConditions........................................................................................................3‐7 3.4.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation............................................................................3‐9
3.5 NaturalHazards...........................................................................................................................3‐12 3.5.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................3‐12 3.5.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................3‐16
3.6 BotanicalResources...................................................................................................................3‐16 3.6.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................3‐16 3.6.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................3‐19
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3.7 TerrestrialBiologicalResources...........................................................................................3‐19 3.7.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................3‐19 3.7.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................3‐23
3.8 MarineBiologicalResources..................................................................................................3‐25 3.8.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................3‐25 3.8.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................3‐25
4.0 HumanEnvironment....................................................................................................................4‐1 4.1 SurroundingLandUse.................................................................................................................4‐1
4.1.1 ExistingConditions........................................................................................................4‐1 4.1.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation............................................................................4‐2
4.2 AirQuality.........................................................................................................................................4‐3 4.2.1 ExistingConditions........................................................................................................4‐3 4.2.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation............................................................................4‐5
4.3 Noise....................................................................................................................................................4‐6 4.3.1 ExistingConditions........................................................................................................4‐6 4.3.2 PotentialImpacts........................................................................................................4‐10 4.3.3 Mitigation.......................................................................................................................4‐14
4.4 ArchaeologicalandHistoricResources.............................................................................4‐16 4.4.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................4‐16 4.4.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................4‐21 4.4.3 Chapter6E‐8HistoricPreservationReview....................................................4‐22 4.4.4 ArchaeologicalInventorySurvey(AIS)Report(2019)...............................4‐23
4.5 CulturalResources.....................................................................................................................4‐30 4.5.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................4‐30 4.5.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................4‐32
4.6 VisualandScenicResources...................................................................................................4‐37 4.6.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................4‐37 4.6.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................4‐38
4.7 Agriculture.....................................................................................................................................4‐40 4.7.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................4‐40 4.7.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................4‐44
4.8 HazardousandRegulatedMaterialsandWaste............................................................4‐46 4.8.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................4‐46 4.8.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................4‐47
4.9 SocialandEconomicfactors...................................................................................................4‐48 4.9.1 Population......................................................................................................................4‐48 4.9.2 Housing............................................................................................................................4‐50 4.9.3 EconomyandEmployment.....................................................................................4‐50 4.9.4 MarketAssessment....................................................................................................4‐53
4.10 InfrastructureandUtilities.....................................................................................................4‐55 4.10.1 ElectricalandCommunications.............................................................................4‐55 4.10.2 PotableDrinkingWater............................................................................................4‐56 4.10.3 Wastewater....................................................................................................................4‐59 4.10.4 Drainage..........................................................................................................................4‐63 4.10.5 SolidWaste....................................................................................................................4‐67
4.11 RoadwaysandTransportation..............................................................................................4‐68 4.11.1 ExistingConditions.....................................................................................................4‐68 4.11.2 PotentialImpactsandMitigation.........................................................................4‐76
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4.12 PublicServices.............................................................................................................................4‐88 4.12.1 PoliceProtection.........................................................................................................4‐88 4.12.2 FireProtection..............................................................................................................4‐89 4.12.3 EmergencyManagementFacilities......................................................................4‐89 4.12.4 MedicalServicesandFacilities..............................................................................4‐90 4.12.5 Schools.............................................................................................................................4‐91 4.12.6 ParksandRecreationalFacilities.........................................................................4‐93 4.12.7 PostalService................................................................................................................4‐94
5.0 RelationshiptoLandUsePlans,PoliciesandControls....................................................5‐1 5.1 StateofHawai‘i...............................................................................................................................5‐1
5.1.1 StateLandUseLaw(Chapter205,HRS)..............................................................5‐1 5.1.2 EnvironmentalImpactStatements(Chapter343,HRS)................................5‐7 5.1.3 StateEnvironmentalPolicy(Chapter344,HRS)...............................................5‐7 5.1.4 Hawai‘iStatePlan(Chapter226,HRS).................................................................5‐9 5.1.5 StateFunctionalPlans...............................................................................................5‐14 5.1.6 Hawai‘iCoastalZoneManagementProgram...................................................5‐15 5.1.7. Sustainability................................................................................................................5‐18
5.2 CountyofKaua‘i...........................................................................................................................5‐21 5.2.1 CountyGeneralPlan...................................................................................................5‐21 5.2.2 EastKaua‘iDevelopmentPlan...............................................................................5‐24 5.2.3 CountyZoning...............................................................................................................5‐24 5.2.4 SpecialManagementArea(SMA).........................................................................5‐25 5.2.5 HousingPolicyfortheCountyofKaua‘i(Ordinance860).........................5‐25 5.2.6 OtherCountyPlans.....................................................................................................5‐28
5.3 TransportationPlansandInitiatives..................................................................................5‐31 5.3.1 Federal‐aidHighways2035TransportationPlanfortheDistrictofKaua‘i5‐
31 5.3.2 Kapa‘aTransportationSolutions..........................................................................5‐32 5.3.3 BikePlanHawai‘i.........................................................................................................5‐33 5.3.4 StatewidePedestrianMasterPlan.......................................................................5‐34 5.3.5 Kaua‘iMultimodalLandTransportationPlan.................................................5‐35
5.4 Chapter343SignificanceCriteria........................................................................................5‐36
6.0 OtherImpactsandIssues...........................................................................................................6‐1 6.1 RelationshipBetweenShort‐TermUsesoftheEnvironmentandtheMaintenance
andEnhancementofLong‐TermProductivity..................................................................6‐1 6.2 CumulativeandSecondaryImpacts.......................................................................................6‐2 6.3 IrreversibleandIrretrievableCommitmentsofResources.........................................6‐3 6.4 ProbableAdverseEnvironmentalEffectsThatCannotbeAvoided..........................6‐3 6.5 UnresolvedIssues..........................................................................................................................6‐4
7.0 EISPreparersandContributors...............................................................................................7‐1 EISPreparers...................................................................................................................................................7‐1 EISContributors.............................................................................................................................................7‐1
8.0 References.......................................................................................................................................8‐1
9.0 PartiesConsultedDuringPreparationoftheDraftandFinalEIS...............................9‐1 9.1 EnvironmentalImpactStatementPreparationNotice(EISPN).................................9‐1
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9.1.1 PartiesConsultedDuringtheEISPN......................................................................9‐1 9.1.2 SummaryofEISPNComments..................................................................................9‐3
9.2 DraftEnvironmentalImpactStatement(DEIS).................................................................9‐8 9.2.1 PartiesConsultedDuringDEIS.................................................................................9‐8 9.2.2 SummaryofDEISComments..................................................................................9‐11
Figures
Figure1‐1:RegionalLocationmap........................................................................................................................1‐7 Figure1‐2:ProjectVicinity........................................................................................................................................1‐8 Figure1‐3:TaxMap......................................................................................................................................................1‐9 Figure2‐1:PetitionAreaandOff‐SiteImprovements....................................................................................2‐4 Figure2‐2:ConceptualSubdivisionPlan.............................................................................................................2‐5 Figure2‐3:KeāliaRoadImprovements...............................................................................................................2‐8 Figure3‐1:Soils..............................................................................................................................................................3‐5 Figure3‐2:FIRM..........................................................................................................................................................3‐15 Figure4‐1:HistoricFeatures..................................................................................................................................4‐18 Figure4‐2:1950AerialPhoto................................................................................................................................4‐20 Figure4‐3:HistoricPropertieswithinPetitionAreaandOff‐SiteAreas.............................................4‐28 Figure4‐4:ViewsofthePetitionArea................................................................................................................4‐39 Figure4‐5:LSB.............................................................................................................................................................4‐43 Figure4‐6:ALISH........................................................................................................................................................4‐45 Figure4‐7:ExistingandProposedWater.........................................................................................................4‐58 Figure4‐8:SewerSystem(newfigure)..............................................................................................................4‐62 Figure4‐9:ExistingSiteDrainage........................................................................................................................4‐64 Figure4‐10:ProposedDrainage...........................................................................................................................4‐66 Figure4‐11:RoadwaysandIntersections........................................................................................................4‐69 Figure4‐12:KūhiōHighwayandKeāliaRoadSignal...................................................................................4‐83 Figure4‐13:KūhiōHighwayandKeāliaRoadRoundabout(preferredmitigation)......................4‐84 Figure5‐1:PredictedConstructionNoiseLevelsatNearbyResidences................................................5‐2 Figure5‐2:GeneralPlan.............................................................................................................................................5‐5 Figure5‐3:ZoningandSMA......................................................................................................................................5‐6
Tables
Table2‐1:CompliancewiththeHousingPolicyfortheCountyofKaua‘i..............................................2‐6 Table4‐1:NationalandStateAmbientAirQualityStandards...................................................................4‐3 Table4‐2:Long‐TermNoiseMeasurementResults........................................................................................4‐9 Table4‐3:Short‐TermNoiseMeasurementResults.....................................................................................4‐10 Table4‐4:PredictedTrafficNoise........................................................................................................................4‐11 Table4‐5:TrafficNoiseModelingwithMitigation........................................................................................4‐12 Table4‐6:PredictedConstructionNoiseLevelsatNearbyResidences...............................................4‐13 Table4‐7:HistoricFeaturesofNewKumukumuCamp(SIHP#50‐30‐08‐07013).........................4‐19 Table4‐8:HistoricPropertiesIdentifiedwithinthePetitionAreaandOff‐SiteProjectAreas...4‐25
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Table5‐1:ForSaleLimitsbyIncomeLevel......................................................................................................5‐28
Appendices
A LetterfromCountyofKaua‘iPlanningDepartment,September27,2018,RE:CommentsonChapter343DisclosureProcess,DepartmentalDeterminationDD‐2016‐70
CountyofKaua‘iPlanningDepartment,DepartmentalDeterminationDD‐2016‐70,BoundaryInterpretationforGeneralPlan,July5,2016
B BotanicalResourcesAssessment,April2017andBotanicalResourcesAssessmentfortheProposedKeāliaRoadWidening,Roundabout,andSewerImprovementProject,December2018,LeGrandBiologicalSurveys,Inc.
C FaunalSurveys,April,2017andFaunalSurveysConductedfortheSewageLine,KeāliaPropertiesProject,December2018,RanaBiologicalConsulting
D1 RevisedDraftArchaeologicalLiteratureReviewandFieldInspectionReport(KamaiandHammatt),CulturalSurveysHawai‘i,April2018
D2 DraftArchaeologicalInventorySurvey(AIS)Report,(Kamai,FolkandHammatt),CulturalSurveysHawai‘i,June2019D3 Chapter6E‐8HistoricPreservationReviewCorrespondence
CorrespondenceRelatedtoLRFI1. LUCLettertoSHPD,February27,20182. SHPDLettertoLUC,May29,2018,LogNo.2018.00602,DocNo.1805GC093. LUCLettertoSHPD,September21,20184. SHPDLettertoLUC,October3,2018,LogNo.2018.00602,DocNo.1810DB01
CorrespondenceRelatedtoAISReport5. LUCLettertoSHPD,April17,2019transmittingAISReport6. SHPDLettertoLUC,May29,2019,Log.No.2018.00602,DocNo.1805GC097. SHPDLettertoLUC,June10,2019,LogNo.2019.00892,DocNo.1906DB018. LUCLettertoLUC,June25,2019,transmittingrevisedDraftAISReport9. CulturalSurveysHawai‘ilettertoLUC,June25,2019,withCommentTable
E DraftCulturalImpactAssessmentforProposedKeāliaSubdivisionandAssociatedSewer LineProject,CulturalSurveysHawai‘i,March2019
LettertoAhaMokuAdvisoryCommitteedatedJune19,2019requestingreviewofCIA
F CBRELetterResponsetoDEISCommentsRegardingMarketandEconometricStudies, April9,2019 MarketandEconometricStudies,CBRE,September2017G PreliminaryEngineeringReport,Kodani&AssociatesEngineers,July2017H DraftFinalTrafficImpactAnalysisReport,Austin,Tsutsumi&Associates,Inc., May10,2019
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I HydrogeologicalMemorandum,Subject:PotentialImpactofAdditionalUseoftheTwo
KeāliaWaterSystemWellstoSupplytheKeāliaMaukaHomesitesProject,RevisedSeptember19,2018,TomNanceWaterResourceEngineering
J DraftNoiseMeasurementandEvaluationReport,CENSEOAV+Acoustics,October19,2018
K Phase1EnvironmentalSiteAssessment,EnviroServices&TrainingCenterLLC,September2018
L LetterfromStateofHawai‘iDepartmentofTransportation,HighwaysDivisiondatedFebruary25,2019,ConfirmingKapa‘aStreambridgewillbeabletoaccommodateeight‐inchsewerforcemain.
M EmailfromStateofHawai‘iDepartmentofEducation,OfficeofSchoolFacilitiesandSupportServicesdatedAugust1,2018.ConfirmingDOEwillnotrequestfairsharecontribution
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
AIS ArchaeologicalInventorySurveyALISH AgriculturalLandsofImportancetotheStateofHawai`iAMP ArchaeologicalMonitoringPlanAPE AreaofPotentialEffectATA Austin,Tsutsumi&AssociatesBFE BaseFloodElevationBMP BestManagementPracticeCAA CleanAirActCC&Rs Covenants,Conditions&RestrictionsCCD CensusCountyDivisionCCR ConsumerConfidenceReportCEDS ComprehensiveEconomicDevelopmentStrategyCFR CodeofFederalRegulationscfs cubicfeetpersecondCIA CulturalImpactAssessmentCSH CulturalSurveysHawai‘i,Inc.CWRM StateCommissiononWaterResourceManagementCZMA CoastalZoneManagementAreaCWA CleanWaterActCZO ComprehensiveZoningOrdinanceDAR DivisionofAquaticResourcesdB decibeldBA Soundpressurelevel(“A”weightingfilter)DBEDT DepartmentofBusiness,EconomicDevelopmentandTourismDEIS DraftEnvironmentalImpactStatementDHHL DepartmentofHawaiianHomeLandsDLNR StateDepartmentofLandandNaturalResourcesDOE StateDepartmentofEducationDOH StateDepartmentofHealthEDA EconomicDevelopmentAdministrationEIS EnvironmentalImpactStatementEISPN EnvironmentalImpactStatementPreparationNoticeEKDP EastKaua‘iDevelopmentPlanEMS EmergencyMedicalServicesEPA U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyESA EnvironmentalSiteAssessmentFHWA FederalHighwayAdministrationFEMA FederalEmergencyManagementAgencyFIRM FloodInsuranceRateMapFTE fulltimeequivalentgpd GallonsperDaygpm GallonsperMinuteHAR Hawai‘iAdministrativeRulesHDOT StateDepartmentofTransportationHRS Hawai‘iRevisedStatutesHRS Hawai‘iRevisedStatutesHSA Hawai‘iStreamAssessment
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AcronymsandAbbreviations(continued)
HEER HazardEvaluationandEmergencyResponseHUD U.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopmentHWP Hawai‘iWaterPlanIAL importantagriculturallandsITE InstituteofTrafficEngineerskm/hr kilometersperhourKNIBC Kaua‘i/Ni‘ihauIslandBurialCouncilKUIC Kaua‘iIslandUtilityCorporationKRTDM Kaua‘iRegionalTravelDemandModelKWA Kaua‘iWatershedAllianceKWS KeāliaWaterSystemLdn day‐nightaveragesoundlevelLEED LeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesignLeq(h) MaximumhourlyequivalentsoundlevelsLLC limitedliabilitycorporationLOS Level‐of‐ServiceLRFI LiteratureReviewandFieldInspectionLSB LandStudyBureauLUC StateLandUseCommissionmgd milliongallonsperdayMLTP MultimodalLandTransportationPlanmph milesperhourmsl meanseallevelMUTCD ManualofUniformTrafficControlDevicesMW megawattsNAAQS NationalAmbientAirQualityStandardsNOAA NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationNPDES NationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystemNRCS NaturalResourcesConservationServicesNRHP NationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesOEQC OfficeofEnvironmentalQualityControlOHA OfficeofHawaiianAffairsPAYT PayasYouThrowPER PreliminaryEngineeringReportREC RecognizedEnvironmentalConditionROW Right‐of‐WaySF SquareFeetorSquareFootSGR studentgenerationrateSHPD StateHistoricPreservationDivisionSIHP StateInventoryofHistoricPlacesSLR sealevelriseSLH SessionLawsofHawai‘iSMA SpecialManagementAreaTIAR TrafficImpactAnalysisReportTMK TaxMapKeyTVR transientvacationrentalsUBC UniformBuildingCodeUH UniversityofHawai‘i
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AcronymsandAbbreviations(continued)
USEPA U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyUSFWS U.S.FishandWildlifeServiceUSGS U.S.GeologicalSurveyWUDP WaterUseandDevelopmentPlanWWTP WastewaterTreatmentPlan
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SUMMARY
SummaryoftheProposedAction
ThePetitioner,KeāliaProperties,LLCproposestodeveloparesidentialsubdivisionon53.4acresofland(“PetitionArea”)atKeālia,KawaihauDistrict,Kaua‘i.ThePetitionArea,identifiedasTMK(4)4‐7‐004:por.001,islocatedintheStateAgriculturalDistrict,isdesignatedfor“ResidentialCommunity”usebytheKaua‘iGeneralPlan,andiszonedAgriculturebytheCountyofKaua‘i.ThisFinalEnvironmentalImpactStatement(FEIS)waspreparedinsupportofaPetitionforStateLandUseDistrictBoundaryAmendmentfromtheStateAgriculturalDistricttotheStateUrbanDistrict.
TheProposedActionwillcreate235residentiallotsranginginsizefrom5,600SFto7,300SF,withassociatedutilityinfrastructureandroadways.ThepurposeoftheProposedActionistoprovideimprovedresidentiallotsforsaletoKaua‘iresidents,toaddressthecurrentandprojectedshortfallofhousing.Thesubdivisionwillincludetwopark/openspaceareastotaling5.86acresthatwillserveasflooddetentionareasandopenspaceforpassiverecreation.Drinkingwaterwillbeprovidedthroughanexistingagreementwithaprivatedomesticwatersystem.
TheProposedActionalsoincludesoff‐siteroadwayandutilityimprovementstosupportthedevelopment.Thesewillbeconstructedin“Off‐SiteAreas”outsidethePetitionArea.Theyinclude:waterandsewerimprovementsincludinganewsewermainintheKūhiōHighwayright‐of‐way;improvementstoKeāliaRoadtoincreasesafetyforvehicles,pedestriansandbicyclists;andconstructionofaroundaboutattheKeāliaRoad‐KūhiōHighwayintersection.TheOff‐SiteAreasarenotpartoftheLUCPetition.
SummaryofPotentialImpactsandProposedMitigation
ConstructionPeriodImpacts.Developmentofthesubdivisionandoff‐siteinfrastructurewillresultinshort‐term,constructionrelatednoise,traffic,andairqualityimpactsthatwillbemitigatedthroughtheimplementationofbestmanagementpractices(BMPs).
WaterResources.Therewillbenoadverselong‐termimpactstogroundorsurfacewaterresourcesorhydrologicalconditions,includingimpactstonearbyfarmersandwaterusers.AhydrogeologicalinvestigationwasconductedinresponsetoconcernsexpressedbyafarmerwhogrowskaloapproximatelyonemilesouthwestofthePetitionArea.Thestudyconcludedthattheproject’sproposedgroundwaterusewillnotaffectthefarmer’swatersource.
BiologicalResources.Therewillbenoadverseimpactstoterrestrialormarinebiologicalresources.ThePetitionAreahasbeenutilizedforagriculturalactivitiesandgrazingfordecades,andisdominatedbyalien(introduced)speciesoffloraandfauna.BMPswillavoidrunoffandimpactstonearshorewatersandmarinebiota.
ArchaeologicalandCulturalResources.Archaeologicalandculturalresourceshavebeenassessedaspartoftheenvironmentalprocess.HistoricfeatureswithinthePetitionAreaincludeseveralfeaturesassociatedwith“NewKumukumuCamp,”aformerplantationcampwhichislistedontheStateInventoryofHistoricPlaces.ThesefeatureswereidentifiedbyaLiteratureReviewandFieldInspection(CulturalSurveysHawai‘i,2018)andwerefurtherdocumentedthroughanArchaeologicalInventorySurvey(AIS)(CSH,2019),asrequestedbytheStateHistoricPreservationDivision(SHPD).TheAISincludedadeterminationof“effectwithagreeduponmitigation
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commitments.”MitigationwillincludeanarchaeologicalmonitoringplantobedevelopedinconsultationwithSHPDandsubmittedtoSHPDforreview/acceptancepriortoanysiteworkandconstruction.TheStateLandUseCommissionrequestedSHPD’sconcurrencewiththisdetermination,andaresponseispending.
TheCulturalImpactAssessment(CSH,2019)wasrevisedinresponsetoDEIScomments,toexpandthediscussionofKeālia’splanationhistoryandtoincludeadditionalinterviews.TheCIAwasalsosenttotheAhaMokuAdvisoryCommitteeonJune19,2019forreview,attherequestoftheLandUseCommissionstaff.
VisualResources.Thecreationofanew235‐lotsubdivisionwillhaveavisualimpact,particularlyonresidentsoftheadjacentKeāliaTownTractsubdivision.Aproposed4.3‐acregreenspace/detentionbasinwillprovideavisualbufferbetweentheexistingandproposeddevelopments.TheviewlookingmaukafromKūhiōwillalsobealteredbythesubdivision.
Noise.NoisefromKūhiōHighwaywillimpactfutureKeāliaMaukaresidentsoccupyingthe22lotsclosesttothehighway.AnoisemeasurementandevaluationreportrecommendedeitherawallorbermbeinstalledalongKūhiōHighwaytoattenuatenoise.Thepreferredsolutionwillbeidentifiedduringthesubdivisionprocess.
Agriculture.Theprojectwillconvert53.4acresofgrazinglandtoresidentialuse.TherewillbenoadverseimpactstoagricultureortotheCounty’seffortstoestablishfoodself‐sufficiencyasaresultoftheProposedAction.ThePetitionerhasprovidedthecurrentKeāliaMaukagrazinglesseewithreplacementlandtocompensateforthisloss.Todate,atotalof36,000acresoflandonKaua‘ihavealreadybeendesignatedImportantAgriculturalLand(IAL),allofitthroughlandownerself‐designation.TheCountyhasindicatedthatitdoesnotintendtopursuedesignationofadditionalIALlandsbeyondwhathasalreadybeendesignatedunderthevoluntarylandownerprocess.
PublicServices.TheProposedActionisnotexpectedtohaveadverseimpactsonpublicservicessuchaspolice,fire,orschools.ThemajorityoffutureKeāliaMaukaresidentsareexpectedtobecurrentKaua‘iresidents,andthereforetherewillbeanegligibleincreaseinCountypopulation.However,theprojectislikelytocreateadditionaldemandforpoliceandfirepersonnelintheKeāliaarea,andoncethesubdivisioniscompletedandfullyoccupied,therecouldbeupto100publicschoolstudentsresidingthere.TheStateofHawai‘iDepartmentofEducationhasindicatedthatitwillnotbeseekinganEducationContributionAgreementfromtheproject.ThedevelopmentisexpectedtogeneratepublicfiscalbenefitstotheStateandCountythatwillmorethanoffsetthecostofadditionalpublicservices.
Socio‐EconomicandFiscalImpacts.Theprojectwillhavepositiveeconomicimpactsthroughthecreationofshort‐termconstructionjobsandconstructionrelatedexpenditures,andlong‐termpositivefiscalimpactstoCountyandStategovernments.Anestimated700personsareexpectedtoresideintheKeāliaMaukasubdivisionafterfullbuildoutandoccupancy.Ofthese,itisestimatedthatabout658arecurrentlylivingonKaua‘i,andabout42willbenon‐resident,secondhomeowners.Theanalysisoffiscalimpactfocusedontheeffectofthese42newresidents,whorepresent“new”costsandbenefitstotheCountyandState.
ItwasestimatedthattheCountywillrealize“new”realpropertytaxes($5.4million)andothersecondaryreceiptsanddevelopmentfeestotaling$9millionduringbuildout,and$1.3millionannuallythereafter.TheStateofHawaiiwillreceive“new”grossexciseandincometaxesandsecondaryrevenuesof$12.7millionduringbuildout,and$276,000annuallythereafter.
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Traffic.ThedevelopmentoftheKeāliaMaukasubdivisionwithanestimated700residentswillhavetrafficimpactsthatrequiremitigation.ATrafficImpactAnalysisReport(TIAR)wasconductedtoevaluateexistingandprojectedfuturetrafficconditions,andpotentialtrafficimpactsresultingfromtheproject.TheTIARconcludedthatbyfuturebaseyear2027,evenwithouttheproject,trafficalongKūhiōHighwaywillincreaseby18%to24%duringmorningandafternoonpeakhours,respectively.Atfullbuildout,KeāliaMaukawillgenerateatotalof172and231netexternaltripsduringthemorningandafternoonpeakhour,respectively.KeāliaRoadistheonlyaccesspointtotheprojectfromKūhiōHighway,andtheintersectionofKūhiōHighway‐KeāliaRoadwillexperienceasignificantincreaseintraffic,withlevelofservicebeingovercapacity.OthercurrentlyproposedroadwayprojectssuchastheKapa‘aBypassExtensionwillprovidesomemitigation.TheTIARevaluatedtwopotentialmitigationsfortheKeāliaRoad‐KūhiōHighwayintersection:atrafficsignalandroundabout.Eitherofthesemitigationsolutionswouldallowtheintersectiontooperateatanacceptablelevelofservice.TheCountyhasindicatedthataroundaboutisthepreferredmitigationoption.Thetrafficmitigationwillbeconstructedaspartoftheproject’soff‐siteimprovements,atnocosttotheCountyorState.
AlternativesConsidered
NoAction.SeveralalternativestotheProposedAction,includingNoActionwereevaluated.NoActionwouldretainexistingopenspaceandgrazingactivities,butwouldfailtomeetthePetitioner’sprimaryobjective,whichistoprovidehousingopportunitiesforKaua‘iresidents.
AgriculturalSubdivision.Onealternativewastodevelopanagriculturalsubdivision,withlotsranginginsizefrom2to10acres.Anagriculturalsubdivisionwouldhavelessofavisualandtrafficimpactduetoitslowerdensity.Itwouldcreatethepotentialforproductiveagriculturaluseoftheland,includingdiversifiedcrops.However,agriculturalsubdivisionsonKaua‘itendtoattractahigherincomebuyer,includingmoreoutofstateinvestorsandsecondhomeowners,andthereforehavelittlesupportfromtheCountyadministrationandlocalresidents.
VariationsinDevelopmentDensity.Optionsforlowerandhigherdensitydevelopmentwereconsidered.Lowerdensitydevelopmentwouldinvolvelargerlots(e.g.,10,000to20,000SF),andfewerresidents.ThehighersalespricescouldpushthishousingproductbeyondthereachofmanyKaua‘ifamilies.LargerlotswouldalsobemoreattractivetooutofstateresidentsandspeculativebuyersthantheProposedAction.Itwouldbemoredifficulttomeetworkforcehousingrequirementswiththistypeofdevelopment.
Higherdensitydevelopmentwouldmostlikelybemulti‐familyresidentialdevelopment.ThistypeofhousingisnotcompatiblewiththeadjacentKeāliaTownTract,andismoreappropriateforvacationrentalsinresortcommunitiesalongtheshoreline.
VariationsinPetitionAreaSize.DevelopingalargerorsmallerPetitionAreawereidentifiedasprojectalternatives.AlargerPetitionArea,potentiallyencompassinghundredsofadditionalacres,couldextendwellintouplandareas.AlargerprojectareawouldbeinconsistentwiththeKaua‘iGeneralPlanandwouldnotbesupportedbytheCounty.AsmallerPetitionAreawouldresultinfewertotallots.Becauseinfrastructurecostsarerelativelyfixed,pricesfortheindividuallotswouldneedtobehigherinorderforadevelopertorecoupthesecosts,becausecostswouldbesharedbyfewerbuyers.
TurnkeyHomesforSale.“Turnkey”homesforsalereferstotheprovisionofacompletehousingproduct;houseandlot,offeredtobuyers.WhiletheintentoftheProposedActionwastooffer
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improvedlotstoallowbuyersmaximumflexibility,turnkeydevelopmentisanoptionforallorpartofKeāliaMauka.Ablockoflotscouldbesoldtoasinglepurchaserwhowouldconstructthefinishedhomesforsale.
OtherAlternatives.OtheralternativesdiscussedintheFEISincludepostponingtheactionuntilfurtherstudy,andalternativelocationsfortheproject.Postponingthedevelopmentoftheprojectwouldbeanoptioninresponsetochangesineconomicormarketconditions.Atpresent,thereislittleidentifiablebenefittopostponetheProposedAction.Furtherstudiesarealreadyplannedforsubsequentphasesoftheproject,andnonerequirepostponingtheproject.
AlternativelocationsfortheprojectwouldbeotherlandsunderthecontrolofthePetitioner.Alternativesiteswouldlikelybelocatedfurthermaukaandawayfromexistinginfrastructureandotherexistingresidentialareas.TheCountyhasdeterminedthatresidentialdevelopmentofthePetitionAreaisconsistentwiththeCountyGeneralPlanlanduseplan,andhasexpresseditssupportfortheproject.ItisuncertainwhethertheCountywouldsupportotheralternativesites.
UnresolvedIssues
SoilTesting.DuetothePetitionArea’sformeragriculturaluse(sugarcane),thereisthepotentialforgrounddisturbingactivitiestoencountersoilcontamination.Priortoconstruction,soiltestingwillbeconductedinPetitionAreasproposedforresidentialorrecreationaluse.AsoilsamplingplanandtestingmethodologywillbedevelopedandapprovedbytheDepartmentofHealth.Ifidentified,contaminatedsoilsandmaterialswillberemediatedtolevelsappropriateforresidentialusepriortoconstruction.
PreparationofArchaeologicalMonitoringPlan.AsrecommendedintheArchaeologicalInventorySurveyreport,archaeologicalmonitoringisproposedforexcavationinthevicinityofNewKumukumuCamp,duringoff‐siteconstructionoftheroundabout,andinstallationofthesewermainextensioninthehighwayright‐of‐wayonthemaukasideofKūhiōHighway.Anarchaeologicalmonitoringplan(AMP)willbepreparedandapprovedbytheStateHistoricPreservationDivisionpriortoconstruction.
NoisemitigationatKūhiōHighwayboundary.AccordingtoaNoiseMeasurementandEvaluationReportfortheproject,noisemitigationisrecommendedforlotsalongtheKūhiōHighwayfrontage.Adequatemitigationcouldbeaccomplishedwithconstructionofa4‐foothighwallorberm(s),orcombinationofthetwo.TheproposedmitigationwillconsiderthepreferencesoftheCountyandStateDepartmentofTransportation,aswellastheresultsoffurtherengineeringandfeasibilitystudies.Theissuewillberesolvedduringtheproject’ssubdivisionapprovalphase,andspecifiedinthesubdivisionapprovalconditions.
KeāliaRoad‐KūhiōHighwayintersectionimprovements.BotharoundaboutandatrafficsignalhavebeenidentifiedasfeasiblealternativesformitigationoftrafficimpactsattheKeāliaRoad‐KūhiōHighwayintersection.TheCountyhasexpressedpreferencefortheconstructionofaroundabout.However,KūhiōHighwayisaState‐ownedhighway,andtheformalconcurrenceandparticipationoftheDepartmentofTransportation(HDOT)isrequiredpriortofinalizingplansfortheintersection.Atrafficsignalremainsaviableoption.
CountyProvisionofSewerService.TheCountyDepartmentofPublicWorks,WastewaterManagementDivisionhasindicatedthatitwillissuea“willserve”letterforwastewaterserviceaftertheprojecthasreceivedzoningapproval.Theprojectcivilengineershavebeenincontactwith
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theDepartmentofPublicWorksandconnectiontotheCounty’ssystemisnotexpectedtobeaproblem.However,confirmationofsewerserviceremainsapendingissue.
Off‐sitewastewaterimprovements.TheexactlocationoftheproposedwastewaterpumpstationnearKūhiōHighwayisyettobedetermined,butwillbeidentifiedwiththeapprovaloftheCountyofKaua‘iDepartmentofPublicWorks,WastewaterManagementDivision.ItisanticipatedthatthepumpstationwillbeonlandownedbythePetitionerandwillbededicatedtotheCountyatthecompletionoftheproject.
SewerlinecrossingatKapa‘aStreamBridge.TheextensionofasewermainintheKūhiōHighwayright‐of‐wayisproposed.ThesewermainwillneedtocrossKapa‘aStreambeforeconnectingtoanexistingsewermanholeneartheKaiakeaFireStation.ThesewermainwillbeattachedtothenewKapa‘aStreamBridgecurrentlyproposedbyHDOTaspartofitsimprovementstoKūhiōHighwaynearMailihunaRoad.TheHDOTKaua‘iDistrictEngineerhasconfirmed,inaFebruary25,2019lettertothePetitioner,thatthenewbridgewillbeabletoaccommodatetheinstallationofaneight‐inchsewerforcemainmountedtothesideofthebridge.ACoastGuardSection9BridgePermitisrequiredfortheHDOT’sbridgecrossing.IftheCoastGuarddeterminesitisnotincludedintheKapa‘aStreamBridgeapprovals,aseparateSection9permitmayberequiredforthesewermaincrossing.
CompliancewithHousingPolicyfortheCountyofKaua‘i.TheprojectwillcomplywithOrdinance860,HousingPolicyfortheCountyofKaua‘irequiringaportionofthedevelopmenttoincludeworkforcehousing.TheworkforcehousingrequirementisdevelopedincooperationwiththeCountyHousingAgencypriortofinalsubdivisionorzoningapproval,whicheveroccursfirst.Thefinalrequirementwillidentifythenumberoflotsandthepricelevelsfortheworkforcehousingrequirement,andwillbeincludedinthefinalsubdivisionorzoningconditions.Lotpriceswilldependonfederallyestablishedincomelevelsatthetime.Pricesofmarketlotswilldependonmarketconditionsatthetimeofsale.
CompatibilityWithLandUsePlansandPolicies
StateLandUse.TheProposedActionrequiresaLandUseCommission(LUC)DistrictBoundaryAmendmenttoreclassifythePetitionAreafromtheAgriculturalDistricttotheUrbanDistrict.TheProposedActionmeetstheapplicabledistrictstandardsfortheUrbanDistrict.ThisFEISsupportsaPetitiontotheStateLandUseCommission.
CountyGeneralPlan.ThePetitionAreaislocatedadjacenttoanexistingresidentialcommunityandthesitewashistoricallyusedasaplantationcamp.TheCountyPlanningDepartmenthasdeterminedthattheprojectisconsistentwiththeKaua‘iGeneralPlan.AJuly6,2016BoundaryInterpretationforGeneralPlanDesignation(DD‐2016‐70)fromthePlanningDepartmentstated“thereisclearintentinthe2000GeneralPlan,alongwithpreviousiterationsoftheplan,thatthe[Petition]areagenerallyisearmarkedfor“ResidentialCommunity”growthadjacenttotheexistingsubdivisioninKeāliaabovetheKeāliaGeneralStore.”
TheCounty’s2016determinationwasreaffirmedinaSeptember27,2018letterfromtheCountyPlanningDepartment,whichstatedthat“Keāliawasearmarkedforgreaterresidentialcommunitydevelopmentgoingbacktothe1984GeneralPlanUpdate...Anyassertionsthatthe2018GeneralPlanupdaterequiredearmarkingthisareaasachangefrompreviousdraftsareunfounded,asthepotentialfordevelopmentwasconfirmedascountyspatialpolicyforcloseto35years.”
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Keālia Mauka Homesites SUMMARY Final Environmental Impact Statement
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CountyZoning.TheProposedActionrequiresazonechangefromAgriculturetoR‐6ResidentialDistrict.ThiswillbecompletedfollowingtheLUCDistrictBoundaryamendment.ThePetitionAreaisnotwithintheCounty’sSpecialManagementArea.TheproposedimprovementstoKeāliaRoadareconsistentwithandsupporttheCounty’sCompleteStreetsPolicytoimprovepedestrianandbicyclesafetyandconnectivityformultiplemodesoftransportation.
SpecialManagementArea.ASpecialManagementArea(SMA)usepermitisnotrequiredfortheProposedAction.Intheprojectvicinity,theSpecialManagementArea(SMA)linerunsalongthemakaiboundaryoftheKūhiōHighwayright‐of‐way(ROW).ThePetitionAreaisoutsidetheSMA.ThesewermainextensionwillbewithintheKūhiōHighwayROWonthemaukasideofthepavedportionofthehighway,alsooutsidetheSMA.TheroundaboutwillbedesignedtoremainwithintheKūhiōHighwayROW.Transportationandutilityimprovementsarenotconsidered“development”accordingtotheCounty’sSMARulesandRegulations,andareexemptfromSMApermitrequirements.
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Chapter 1 Keālia Mauka Homesites INTRODUCTION Final Environmental Impact Statement
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1.0 INTRODUCTION ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedinsupportofaPetitionbyKeāliaProperties,LLCtotheStateofHawai‘iLandUseCommission(LUC)toamendtheAgriculturalLandUseDistrictBoundaryintotheUrbanLandUseDistrict(DocketNo.A17‐803).ThePetitionAreaiscomprisedofapproximately53.4acresoflandatKeālia,KawaihauDistrict,IslandofKaua‘i,StateofHawai‘i.ThePetitionAreaisidentifiedasTMK(4)4‐7‐004:001por.
ThePetitioner,KeāliaProperties,LLCproposestodeveloparesidentialsubdivisionwithinthePetitionArea,consistingofapproximately235lotsranginginareafromabout5,600SFto7,300SF(Figures1‐1and1‐2).TheProposedActionincludesinstallationofutilityinfrastructure(e.g.,potablewater,drainage,wastewater,electricalpower,andtelecommunicationssystems)andtransportationimprovementstoservethenewsubdivision.Improved,construction‐readyhouselotswillavailableforsaletothepublic.
ThePetitionArea(Figure1‐3)islocatedadjacenttoanexisting38‐lotresidentialsubdivisioninKeālia.ThePetitionAreaisagriculturally‐zonedlandformerlypartoftheLīhu‘ePlantationholdings,andwasformerlyutilizedforsugarcanecultivation.Thesiteandsurroundinglandsarecurrentlyusedforcattlegrazing.
TheProposedActionalsoincludesoff‐siteinfrastructureandutilityimprovementstosupporttheproposedsubdivision.Theseoff‐siteimprovementswilloccuroutsidethePetitionAreaalongKeāliaRoadandwithintheKūhiōHighwayright‐of‐way,includingTMK(4)4‐6‐014por,and(4)4‐7‐003:002por.Theseoff‐siteareasarenotpartofthePetitionArea.
1.1 ProjectSummary
ProjectName: KeāliaMaukaHomesites
Location: KeāliaAhupua‘a,KawaihauDistrict,IslandofKaua‘i,Hawai‘i
Petitioner/Owner: KeāliaProperties,LLCc/oMs.MoanaPalamaHawaiiManagementServicesLLCP.O.Box1630Kōloa,HI96756
AcceptingAgency: StateofHawai‘iLandUseCommission(LUC)DepartmentofBusiness,EconomicDevelopment&TourismP.O.Box2359Honolulu,HI96804‐2359
TaxMapKey/Coordinates:
PetitionArea:(4)4‐7‐004:001porCoordinates:22°6'22"N,159°18'19"W
Off‐SiteAreas:TMK(4)4‐6‐014por,and(4)4‐7‐003:002por
PetitionArea: 53.4acres
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ProjectSummary(continued)
ExistingUse: Agriculture(cattlegrazing)
ProposedUse: Residentialsubdivision
ProposedAction: PetitionArea:Constructionofasubdivisionon53.4acresofgrazinglandsadjacenttoanexisting38‐lotresidentialsubdivision.Approximately235single‐familyhouselotsranginginsizefromabout5,600squarefeet(SF)to7,300SFwillbecreated.Eachhouselotwillbeservedbymunicipalandprivateutilitiesandinfrastructure,includingpotablewater,stormwaterdrainage,wastewater,electricalpower,andtelecommunicationssystems.
Off‐Site:Roadandutilityimprovementstosupporttheproposedresidentialsubdivision,includingadditionofshouldersandsidewalkstoKeāliaRoad;constructionofroundaboutatKeāliaRoadandKūhiōHighwayintersection;sewerpumpstation;sewermainextensionwithinKūhiōHighwayright‐of‐way.
LandUseDesignations
PetitionArea:
StateLandUseDistrict:Agricultural(seeFigure5‐1)
Kaua‘iGeneralPlan:ResidentialCommunity(seeFigure5‐2)
CountyZoning:Agriculture(seeFigure5‐3)
SpecialManagementArea(SMA):NotinSMA(seeFigure5‐3)
Off‐Site:
StateLandUseDistrict:Agricultural
Kaua‘iGeneralPlan:ResidentialCommunity
CountyZoning:Residential,CommercialandAgricultural
SpecialManagementArea(SMA):SMAUsepermitnotrequired.PortionofsewermainextensionwithinSMAisexemptfromSMArules.RoundaboutwillbeconstructedwithinthehighwayROW.
FloodZoneDesignation
PetitionArea:ZoneX,Areaofminimalfloodhazard,outsidethe500‐yearflood(seeFigure3‐2)
Off‐Site:ZoneXandZoneAE(1%annualchancefloodhazard)
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ProjectSummary(continued)
Permits/ApprovalsRequired:
Permit/Approval Status
FederalGovernment
U.S.CoastGuard
Section9BridgePermit(forsewermaincrossingonKapa‘aStreambridge)
SewermaintobeinstalledaspartofHDOT‐proposedKapa‘aStreambridge.Permitrequirementstobeconfirmed/satisfiedaspartofthatproject.
StateofHawaii
StateofHawai‘iLandUseCommission
LandUseDistrictBoundaryAmendment
DepartmentofHealth
NationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES)Permit
ConstructionNoisePermit
DepartmentofLandandNaturalResources,StateHistoricPreservationDivision
HistoricPreservationReview,Chapter6E,HRS
DepartmentofTransportation
PermittoPerformWorkUponStateHighway
PrivateStormDrainConnectionand/orStateHighwaysDivisionStormDrainSystem
Inprocess.NPDESandnoisepermittobeobtainedpriortostartofconstruction.DuringChapter6Ereviewin2018,SHPDrequestedarchaeologicalinventorysurvey(AIS),whichwascompletedin2019.SHPDissuedcommentletterdatedJune10,2019(LogNo.2019.00892,DocNo.1906DB01).FinalacceptanceofAISpending.Permitstobeobtainedpriortostartofconstruction.
CountyofKauai
Kaua‘iCountyCouncil
ZoningAmendment
PlanningCommission
SubdivisionApproval
TobeobtainedfollowingLandUseDistrictBoundaryAmendment.TobeobtainedfollowingZoningamendment
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ProjectSummary(continued)
DepartmentofPublicWorks Grading,grubbing,and
stockpilingpermits,buildingpermit
Tobeobtainedpriortostartofconstruction.
Chapter343HRSDetermination:
UndertheprovisionsofAct172(12),theStateLandUseCommission(LUC)hasdeterminedattheoutsetthattheProposedActionrequiresthepreparationofanenvironmentalimpactstatement(EIS),basedonthesignificancecriteriasetforthinChapter200,Title11,StateofHawai‘iDepartmentofHealth.TheProposedActionmaymeetthecriterionfor“potentialcurtailmentoftherangeofbeneficialusesoftheenvironment”andbecauseitmay“involvesubstantialsecondaryimpacts,suchaseffectsonpublicfacilities”(HAR§11‐200‐12[b][2]and[6]).(SeediscussioninChapter5).
1.2 Petitioner
KeāliaProperties,LLCisthePetitionerandMs.MoanaPalamaistheirauthorizedrepresentative.
Contact: KeāliaProperties,LLCc/oMs.MoanaPalamaHawaiiManagementServicesLLCP.O.Box1630Kōloa,HI96756Phone:(808)742‐9784Email:[email protected]
1.3 AcceptingAuthority
TheStateofHawai‘iLandUseCommission(LUC)istheacceptingauthorityforEIS.
Contact: DanielE.Orodenker,ExecutiveOfficerStateofHawai‘iLandUseCommission(LUC)DepartmentofBusiness,EconomicDevelopment&TourismP.O.Box2359Honolulu,HI96804‐2359Phone:(808)587‐3822Email:[email protected]
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1.4 EnvironmentalPlanningConsultant
HHFPlannersistheApplicant’senvironmentalplanningconsultant.
Contact: ScottEzer,PrincipalHHFPlanners733BishopStreet,Suite2590Honolulu,HI96813Phone:(808)457‐3158Email:[email protected]
1.5 CompliancewithHawai‘iEnvironmentalReviewLaws
ThisFinalEnvironmentalImpactStatement(FEIS)waspreparedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofHawai‘iRevisedStatutes(HRS)§343andChapter200ofTitle11,Hawai‘iAdministrativeRules(HAR)insupportofaStateLandUseDistrictboundaryamendmenttoreclassifylandsatKeālia,KawaihauDistrict,IslandofKaua‘i,Hawai‘ifromtheStateAgriculturalDistricttotheStateUrbanDistrict.ThisHRS343environmentalreviewisrequiredduetotheproject’sproposeduseofStateofHawai‘iandCountyofKaua‘ilandsassociatedwithinfrastructureimprovementswithinpublicroadways,includingKūhiōHighway(StateRoute56)andKeāliaRoad.UseofStateorCountylandisanactionwhichtriggersanenvironmentalassessmentunderHRS§343‐5(a)(1).
Act172,SessionLawsofHawai‘i(SLH)signedbytheGovernoronJune27,2012(Act172[12]),allowsanagencytodeterminefromtheoutsetthattheprojectmayhavea“significantimpact”andanEnvironmentalImpactStatement(EIS)islikelytoberequired.TheapplicantmaythenproceeddirectlytopreparetheEIS.Thedeterminationofwhethertheprojectwilllikelyhaveasignificantimpactismeasuredbythesignificancecriteriaunder§11‐200‐12(b)oftheHAR.
TheProposedActionwillprovideapproximately235residentiallotsonapproximately53.4acresofcurrentlyvacantland,aswellasoff‐siteinfrastructureandutilityimprovements.TheProposedActionwouldresultinthelossofthenaturallandscape(grazingland)asitcurrentlyexists,maysubstantiallyaffecttheeconomicandsocialwelfareofthecommunityorState,andmayinvolvesecondaryimpactssuchaspopulationchangeoreffectsonpublicfacilities.(SeeHAR§11‐200‐12(b)(1),(4)and(6),respectively).
Basedonitsreviewofthesignificancecriteriaandthroughitsjudgmentandexperience,theLUC,asAcceptingAuthority,determinedonNovember8,2017thattheProposedActionmayhaveasignificanteffectontheenvironmentandthatanEISshouldbeprepared.AnEnvironmentalImpactStatementPreparationNotice(EISPN)waspreparedandpublishedinTheEnvironmentalNotice,theOfficeofEnvironmentalQualityControl’s(OEQC)bimonthlybulletinonNovember23,2017.The30‐daypublicconsultationperiodendedonDecember26,2017.
ADraftEnvironmentalImpactStatement(DEIS)wassubsequentlypreparedandpublishedinTheEnvironmentalNoticeonMay8,2018.The45‐daypubliccommentperiodendedonJune22,2018.InresponsetocommentsreceivedduringtheDEIScommentperiod,additionalstudieswereconducted,andtheresultshavebeenincorporatedinthisFEIS.
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1.6 StudiesContributingtothisFEIS
Theinformationinthisdocumenthasbeenobtainedfromsitevisits,printandonlinereferencesources,previouslycompletedreportsandtechnicalstudies,andthefollowingtechnicalstudiesthatwerepreparedforthisProposedAction.ThetechnicalstudiesareincludedintheAppendix.
Technicalstudiesthathavebeenrevised,supplemented,ornewlyaddedsincetheDEISwaspublishedarenotedwithacheckmark(√)below.
BiologicalSurveys(FloraandFauna) ArchaeologicalLiteratureReviewandFieldInspection CulturalImpactAssessment ArchaeologicalInventorySurveyReport MarketandEconometricStudies PreliminaryEngineeringReport TrafficStudyImpactAnalysisReport Hydrogeologicalletterreport NoiseMeasurementandEvaluationReport PhaseIEnvironmentalSiteAssessment
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Chapter 2 Keālia Mauka Homesites PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES Final Environmental Impact Statement
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2.0 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES
2.1 BackgroundHistory
ThePetitionAreawashistoricallyusedforsugarcanecultivation,beginningwiththeMakeeSugarCompanywhichwasestablishedinKapa‘ain1877,andlaterwithLīhu‘ePlantation.Sugarcultivationwasthefirstlarge‐scaleagriculturalenterpriseintheKeāliaarea.In1934,theMakeeSugarCompanywasabsorbedbytheLīhu‘ePlantationCompany,Ltd.,asubsidiaryofHonolulu‐basedBigFivecompanyAmericanFactors(laterAmfac).Assugarbecamelessprofitableinthelatterpartofthetwentiethcentury,theLīhu‘ePlantationbegantophaseoutitsoperations.In1997,theentireahupua‘aofKeālia,includingthePetitionArea,wassoldoffbyAmfac.BecauseKeāliawasthemostdistantfromtheLīhu‘ePlantationsugarmill,itwasconsideredtheleastprofitable.TheLīhu‘ePlantationcompletelyclosedattheendofthetwentiethcentury,andsugarcaneproductionhassinceceasedthroughoutKaua‘i.Sinceitssale,theprojectsiteandneighboringagriculturallandshavebeenusedforranchinganddiversifiedagriculturalcrops,andnowprimarilyserveascattlegrazing.
In2010,thecurrentlandownerandPetitioner,KeāliaPropertiesLLC,purchasedatotalof2,020acres,includingthesubject53.4acreproperty,fromPlantationPartners.In2007,thepreviousowner,PlantationPartners,proposedaprojectthatincluded199farmlotsover2,020acres.Theproposedproject,calledKealanani,wasenvisionedasanagriculturalsubdivision.
AfterpurchaseofthepropertyfromPlantationPartnersin2010,thePetitioner,KeāliaPropertiesLLC,concludedthatthepreviousproposalforanagriculturalsubdivisionwasnottherightfitfortheproperty.Therewasalackofcommunitysupportforthattypeofdevelopment.Adecisionwasmadeto“rest”thelandforthreeyearswhilefocusingonagriculturalopportunitiesontheproperty.Inlate2013,theCountyPlanningCommissionrevokeditsapprovalforthepriorAgriculturalSubdivisionplan,viaalettertothePlanningDirector.
KeāliaPropertiesanditsrepresentativescontinuedtomeetwithneighboringfarmers,ranchers,communitymembers,andgovernmentofficialstoinvestigateappropriateusesforthesite,includingmoreaffordablehousingoptions.Thepresenceofstub‐outstreetsbehindtheexistingKeāliaTownTractsubdivisionappearedtoindicatethatanadditionalphasetothesubdivisionwasatonetimeconsidered.InJuly2016,theCountyPlanningDepartmentmadeadeterminationthatanexpandedresidentialsubdivisionwasconsistentwiththeKaua‘iGeneralPlanLandUseMap(seeAppendixA).
GiventhehighunmetdemandforhousingonKaua‘i,adecisionwasmadetodevelopthe53.4acresadjacenttotheKeāliaTownTractsubdivisionforresidentialhomesites.InconsultationsbetweentheApplicantandtheCountyadministration,itbecameclearthattheCounty’sprioritywastoprovidehousingforKaua‘i’sworkingfamilies.Providingsmallerlotsizeswouldkeeppricesdown,enablingmorelocalresidentstotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytopurchaselotsforconstructionoftheirownhome.
Today,thePetitionAreaandsurroundinglandscontinuetobeusedforcattlegrazingbyRKLRanch,LLC,basedinKīlauea,Kaua‘i,andseveralotherlessees.RKLRanch,LLClicensesatotalofapproximately780acresinthearea,andemploysapasturerotationprogram,wherecattlearerotatedthroughoutpensonthepropertyonatimeframebasedonforageavailability,weatherconditions,andproductionoutlay.TheirherdconsistsmainlyofBlackAngusmixedbreedcattle,
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withapproximately120cows,6bulls,and60weaners,youngeranimalsusually6to7monthsold.RKL’s780acreleaseincludesanadditional86acresofgrazinglandinMakeethatwererecentlyaddedin2014tocompensatefortheanticipatedlossof53.4acresassociatedwiththeproposedproject.
2.2 ProjectPurpose,NeedandObjectives
ThepurposeoftheProposedActionistoprovidefor‐saleresidentiallotsforKaua‘iresidentstoaddressthecurrentandprojectedshortfallofsingle‐familyhousingontheisland.In2015,theStateofHawai‘iDepartmentofBusiness,EconomicDevelopmentandTourism(DBEDT)preparedareportentitledMeasuringHousingDemandinHawaii,2015‐2025,whichprojectedhousingdemandstatewideoverthenextdecade.Theanalysisconsideredvariablesofprojectedpopulationgrowth,visitorgrowth,andvacancyrates.Housingdemandwasbasedontheanticipatedincreaseinnumberofhouseholds.ThisstudyprojectedthatthetotalpopulationforKaua‘iCountywillincreaseby19percentby2025,andforecastedademandfor5,287additionalhousingunitsduringthe2015‐2025period(DBEDT,2015).
ThemarketstudyfortheKeāliaMaukaHomesitesprojectestimateddemandfor7,447additionalhousingunitsintheLīhu‘etoMoloa‘a(EastKaua‘i)regionbetween2017and2040,ofwhichabouttwothirdswillbeforsinglefamilyhouseholds(4,928homes)(CBRE,2017,seeAppendixF).
Atthesametime,housinginventoryonKaua‘idoesnotmeetdemand.TheexistingandplannedinventoryofresidentialunitsonKaua‘iwillfallshortofforecasteddemandforhousingunits,continuingthetrendofincreasedhousingpricingpressureandslowingtheformationofnewhouseholds.Manyyoungfamiliesareunabletopurchasetheirownhomes,andareforcedtoeitherremainincrowded,multi‐generationalhouseholdsortorelocateoff‐island.TheproposedresidentialsubdivisionisintendedtoprovidehousingopportunitiesforKaua‘iresidents.
ThepurposeoftheProposedActionistosatisfytheneedforhousingontheislandofKaua‘ibyprovidingimprovedresidentiallotsthatare:
targetedtolocalKaua‘iresidents
consistentwithtypicaldensitiesintheisland’sexistingsingle‐familyresidentialcommunities
locatedareasonabledistancefromexistingpublicfacilitiesandservices
consistentwiththeKaua‘iCountyGeneralPlanLandUseguidance
incompliancewiththeHousingPolicyfortheCountyofKaua‘i,OrdinanceNo.860,includingtherequirementforworkforcehousing
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Theproject’sconsistencywiththeKaua‘iCountyGeneralPlanwasestablishedinaDepartmentalDeterminationissuedin2016.ASeptember27,2018letterfromtheCountyPlanningDepartment,issuedsubsequenttothepublicationoftheDEIS,statedthattheKeāliaMaukaHomesitesprojectremainsconsistentwiththespatialandtextualpoliciessetforthinthe2018CountyGeneralPlan.The2018letterreaffirmedtheCounty’ssupportfortheprojectanditshousingobjectives.Inthisletter,Mr.MichaelDahilig,(then)DirectorofPlanning,statesthat,“Accordingtoourcurrentprojections,ourCountyrequiresapproximately9,000residentialunitstokeeppacewithpopulationgrowthofourlocalresidents.TheKeāliaareaisconsideredabuildoutareatomeetthiscriticalneed.”Boththe2016DepartmentalDeterminationandthe2018letterareincludedinAppendixA.
2.3 ProjectDescription
TheProposedActionincludesthedevelopmentofa235lotresidentialsubdivisionona53.4acresiteinKeālia(i.e.,thePetitionArea),andconstructionofoff‐siteinfrastructureandutilityimprovementstosupportthesubdivision.
Thelocationofallprojectimprovements,boththePetitionAreaandOff‐Siteareas,areshowninFigure2‐1.ThepetitionforStateLandUseDistrictboundaryamendmentislimitedtothe53.4acrePetitionArea.Theoff‐siteimprovements,whilenotpartoftheLUCPetitionArea,areincludedintheProposedAction,andthereforeareevaluatedinthisFEISincompliancewithHRSChapter343.
2.3.1 PETITIONAREAIMPROVEMENTS
2.3.1.1 KEĀLIAMAUKAHOMESITES
TheProposedActioninvolvesthedevelopmentofaresidentialsubdivisionatKeālia,Kaua‘i,consistingofapproximately235lotsranginginsizefromabout5,600SFto7,300SF(Figure2‐2).Theprojectincludesinstallationofutilityinfrastructure(e.g.,drinkingwater,drainage,wastewater,electricalpower,andtelecommunicationssystems)andtransportationimprovementstoserveeachsubdividedparcel.Thesubdivisionplanincludestwodetentionbasins,locatedonthefarsouthandfarnorthendsoftheProjectArea,totaling5.86acres.Thesoutherndetentionbasinis4.32acresinsizeandwillprovidepark/greenspaceforactiveandpassiverecreation.ItwillalsoserveasabufferwiththeneighboringsubdivisiononKa‘aoRoad.Thedetentionbasinonthenorthwillbe1.54acres,andneedstobedeeperbecauseofitsrelativelysmallarea,andwillbeapproximately8feetdeepwithsideslopesof2:1(horizontal;vertical).Duetoitsdepthandsteepsides,itwillnotbeappropriateforrecreationuse.AccesstothesubdivisionwouldbeviaKeāliaRoadfromitsintersectionwithKūhiōHighway.AroundaboutentrancetothesubdivisionisproposedonKeāliaRoad.AlltrafficonKeāliaRoad,includingthroughtrafficcontinuingpastthesubdivision,willberoutedthroughtheroundabout.
Thefinishedlotswillbesoldtoindividualbuyersand/ortothirdpartycontractorsbuyingblocksofparcelsfordevelopment.Thelotsizeswereintentionallysetbelow10,000SFinordertokeeppriceswithinamanageablefinancialrangeforlocalresidents,theintendedmarket.Becausethelotsareunder10,000squarefeet(SF),theCounty’sComprehensiveZoningOrdinance(CZO)onlyallowsonesinglefamilydwellingunitperlot.ItisproposedthatthedevelopmentincluderestrictivecovenantsagainstAdditionalDwellingUnits(ADU)atKeāliaMauka,sothatconstructionofaseconddwellingunitonanylotwillbeprohibited.
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TheprojectwillmeettheworkforcehousingrequirementsofKaua‘iCountyOrdinanceNo.860,whichestablishedanewchapterintheKaua‘iCountyCode(1987,asamended)relatingtothehousingpolicyfortheCountyofKaua‘i.TheCounty’sHousingPolicyrequiresthatresidentialdevelopmentswith26unitsormoreincludehousing“thatmayberentedorsoldatpricelevelsthatareaffordabletohouseholdsthatearnfromeightypercent(80%)andbelowoftheKaua‘imedianhouseholdincometoone‐hundredfortypercent(140%)oftheKaua‘imedianhouseholdincome.”
TheCounty’sHousingPolicy,asitappliestotheKeāliaMaukaHomesites,isdiscussedinmoredetailinSection5.2.5ofthisFEIS.TheworkforcehousingrequirementforKeāliaMauka,adjustedforapplicabledeveloperincentives,isestimatedat36units(i.e.,lots).
Table2‐1belowshowsthedistributionof36workforcehousinglotsbyincomelevelandprice.Basedon2017“forsalelimits,”medianincome,andmortgagerates,lot‐onlysalespriceswouldrangefrom$81,000(80%ofmedianincome)to$110,900(140%ofmedianincome),Actualsalespriceswilldependonconditionsatthetimeofsale.
TABLE2‐1:COMPLIANCEWITHTHEHOUSINGPOLICYFORTHECOUNTYOFKAUA‘I
AssumesMortgageRate:4.25%HUD Income Limit
(family of 4) Annual
Household Income
For Sale Price Estimated*Lot-Only Sales Price
Percent of total workforce
housing (and number of lots)
80%Median $68,250 $310,800 $81,000 20%(7lots)
100%Median $79,200 $369,300 $92,000 30%(11lots)
120%Median $95,050 $453,800 $95,050 30%(11lots)
140%Median $110,900 $538,400 $110,900 20%(7lots)
TOTAL 100%(36lots)
Source:Kaua‘iCountyHousingAgency,effective4/14/2017,URL=http://www.kauai.gov
*Assumeslot‐onlypricewillrepresentapproximately26%oftheForSalePriceestablishedbyCounty.Actuallot‐onlypricestobedeterminedbyCountyofKaua‘iHousingAgency
TheremainingKeāliaMaukalots(235less36=199)willbesoldatprevailingmarketprices.AsofApril2019,marketpricesforthelotswouldrangefromapproximately$190,000to$235,000.Themarketstudyestimatesthatfullabsorption/selloutofthefinishedlotswillbecompletedwithinsevenyears(CBRE,2017).
2.3.1.2 SUBDIVISIONROADWAYS
TheproposedroadwaysfortheKeāliaMaukasubdivisionwillbeconstructedinaccordancewithCountyofKaua’i1972,CountyRoadStandards.ThesubdivisionroadwayswillconformtotheCounty’sCompleteStreetsPolicy(ResolutionNo.2010‐48),adoptedinSeptember2010.Thispolicyrequiresthatroadwaydesignandplanningisbalancedandequitabletoaccommodateandencouragetravelbyallmodesoftravel,includingpedestriansandbicyclists.AlloftheproposedsubdivisionroadswillbeconveyedbythedevelopertotheCountyofKaua‘i.
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Aroundaboutentrancetothesubdivisionisproposedinordertoprovideasafeandefficientcentralnexusforalladjoiningsubdivisionroads.TheroundaboutwasproposedasawaytoaccommodatetheangleoftheintersectionofKeāliaRoadandthemainsubdivisionroad,combinedwiththepresenceofasmallsideroad(Ka‘aoRoad).AsectionofKeāliaRoadapproachingtheroundaboutwillberealigned.TheroundaboutwouldallowthroughtrafficonKeāliaRoadandvehiclesturninginandoutofthesubdivisiontoproceedwithminimaldisruption,avoidingafour‐waystopcondition.Theroundaboutwouldalsocreateanopportunitytoprovideanattractivelandscapefeatureatthesubdivisionentry.
Proposedsubdivisionroadsconnectingtotheroundaboutwillbe“Collector”roadsasdefinedbyCountyroadstandards.Collectorroadshavea56‐footrightofway(ROW)and40‐footwidepavement.Thereareatotaloftwo(2)Collectorroadsproposedforthisproject,totalingabout2,455linearfeet.OneoftheCollectorroadswillruninthenorth‐southdirectionandtheotherCollectorroadwillrunintheeast‐westdirection.
Themajorityoftheroadswithintheproposedsubdivisionwillbe“Minor”roadsasdefinedbyCountyroadstandards.Minorroadshavea44‐footROWand20‐footwidepavement.Thereareatotalofnine(9)Minorroadsproposedforthisproject,totalingabout9,220linearfeet.Three(3)Minorroadwilltraversethenorth‐southdirectionandsix(6)willtraverseintheeast‐westdirection.
Currently,thereisanoldcanehaulroadentrytothepropertylocatedonKūhiōHighway.Theroadiscurrentlygatedandunused.Thisaccesspointwillbeeliminated,andnodirectvehicleaccessontoKūhiōHighwaywillbeallowedfromtheproposedsubdivision,asmandatedbytheStateofHawai‘iDepartmentofTransportation(HDOT),
2.3.2 OFF‐SITEIMPROVEMENTS
2.3.2.1 KEĀLIAROADIMPROVEMENTS
TheCountyofKaua‘ihasindicatedthatimprovementstothetwo‐laneKeāliaRoadareneededtoaccommodatetheincreaseinvehiculartrafficassociatedwiththeproject,andthattheimprovementsshallbeinaccordancewiththeCounty’sCompleteStreetsPolicyandprinciples.CompleteStreetsfeaturesincludeinterconnectedsustainablestreetnetworksprovidingopportunitiesforallmodesoftraveltoandfromneighborhoodsandnearbydestinations.CompleteStreetslayoutsanddesignsprovideconnectivitywithamplespaceforpedestrians,bicyclists,motorists,andpublictransportationusersofallagesandabilities.
Improvementsareproposedtoapproximately2,650linearfeetofKeāliaRoad,extendingfromtheHopoeRoadintersectiontotheKūhiōHighwayintersection.TheimprovementswillbeinaccordancewithCompleteStreetsprinciplesallowingvehiculartraffic,pedestrians,andbicycliststosafelyutilizetheroadwaycorridor.
Figure2‐3belowillustratestheproposedroadwaycross‐sectionforKeāliaRoad,whichcontainsthefollowingfeatures:
Wideningtheexistingright‐of‐wayfrom40feetto56feet Reconstructingtheroadwaypavementfromtwovehicularlaneseachapproximately9feet
widetotwovehicularlaneseachapproximately10feetwide
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5‐footwidepavedroadshouldersoneachsideofthetravellanesforroadwaydrainageandbicycleuse
Greenspacebetweenpavedroadshoulderandproposedsidewalk 5‐footwideconcretesidewalkforpedestriansononesideofKeāliaRoad
Source:Kodani&Associates,2018
FIGURE2‐3:KEĀLIAROADIMPROVEMENTS
2.3.2.2 KEĀLIAROAD‐KŪHIŌHIGHWAYROUNDABOUT
AttheintersectionofKeāliaRoadandKūhiōHighway,aroundaboutwillbeconstructedtomitigatetheincreaseintrafficduetotheproject,andtoimproveintersectionsafety.Twoalternativesforthisintersectionwereconsidered:atrafficsignalandasingle‐laneroundabout.AlthoughthetrafficsignalwaspresentedintheDEISastherecommendedoption,theCountyofKaua‘ihassubsequentlyindicatedthataroundaboutistheirpreferredsolution.Assuch,aroundaboutispresentedinthisFEISaspartoftheProposedAction.
TheTransportationImpactAnalysisReport(TIAR)(ATA,2018)forthisprojectevaluatedbothoptionsandfoundthatbotharoundaboutandatrafficsignalwoulddelivercomparablelevelsofserviceintermsoftrafficflow,turningmovements,andsafety.AconceptualsketchoftheroundaboutandmoredetaileddiscussionoftrafficissuesisprovidedinSection4.11(RoadwaysandTransportation)ofthisFEIS.
2.3.2.3 OFF‐SITEUTILITYIMPROVEMENTS
Provisionofadequatedrinkingwaterandsewerservicetotheprojectwillrequireoff‐siteimprovements,includinginstallationofa200,000gallonwatersystemstoragetankneartheexistingwatertanks(maukaofthePetitionArea),andreplacementoftwoexistingdeep‐wellpumps.OverheadtelephoneandcablelineswillbeinstalledonKeāliaRoadextendingfromthe
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PetitionAreatoKūhiōHighway.AnewsanitarysewermainwillbeneededfromthePetitionAreatoaliftstationalongKūhiōHighway,andthentoanexistingmunicipalsewermanholeneartheKaiakeaFireStation,nearlyonemileaway.Anewsewerpumpstationwillbeconstructed.TheseutilityimprovementsarediscussedfurtherinSection4.10(InfrastructureandUtilities)ofthisFEIS.
2.3.3 DEVELOPMENTSCHEDULEANDCOSTS
2.3.3.1ESTIMATEDDEVELOPMENTSCHEDULE
Theanticipatedconstructionoftheproposedimprovements,bothonandoff‐site,isexpectedtotakeapproximately1824months,assumingmuchoftheworkoccurssimultaneously.Theinitialmassgradingworkforthesubdivisionisexpectedtoextendoverthefirst12months.TheCounty’sGradingOrdinanceallowsamaximumof10acrestobedisturbedatanytime,therefore,the53.4acresitewillrequireuptosixphasesofgradingwork(Kodani&Associates,7/13/2017).SubsequentconstructionphaseswillincludetheTheinstallationofdrainagestructures,detentionbasins,sewer,drinkingwater,andelectricalutilities,andconstructionofroadsandsidewalkswilloccurconcurrentlyduringeachofthesephases.
ImprovementstoKeāliaRoadwillrequirefillwhichwillbeobtainedfromthesubdivisionsitework.Forthisreason,KeāliaRoadimprovementswillbeinitiatedabout6to9monthsafterthestartofworkinthePetitionArea.Off‐siteutilityimprovementswillcommenceaboutthesametimeasKeāliaRoadimprovements,andcontinuethroughtheendoftheprojectconstructionperiod.TheconstructionoftheroundaboutandinstallationofthenewsewermainalongKūhiōHighwaywilltakeapproximately9to12months.
2.3.3.2ESTIMATEDDEVELOPMENTCOSTS
TheProposedActionincludesbothonandoff‐siteimprovements.Onsiteworkincludesearthwork,clearingandgrubbing,massandfinegrading,constructionofdrainage/detentionbasins,andinstallationofutilitysystems(sewer,water,electrical).On‐sitecosts(i.e.,withinthePetitionArea)include:earthwork;clearingandgradingforthehousesites,roadways,andpark/detentionbasins;drainageandutilityimprovements;andconstructionofafour(4)foothighCMUnoisebarrierwallalongtheKūhiōHighwaysideofthePetitionArea.Theseon‐sitecostsareestimatedatapproximately$25.8million(Kodani&Associates,2018).
Theoff‐siteimprovementsinclude:KeāliaRoadwidening,resurfacingandtheadditionofsidewalks;overheadelectricalandcablelines;andalloff‐sitedrinkingwaterandsewerimprovements.Off‐sitecostsalsoincludetheproposedroundaboutattheKūhiōHighwayandKeāliaRoadintersection,withassociatedcrosswalks,signageandstriping.Off‐siteimprovementsareestimatedat$10.2million.
Allonandoff‐siteproject‐relatedcostswillbefundedbythePetitioner.Nopublicfundswillberequestedfortheprojectimprovements.
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2.4 AlternativesConsidered
InadditiontotheProposedAction,severalalternativeswereconsideredandevaluated,andarebrieflypresentedbelow.
2.4.1 NOACTION
Inthisalternative,therewouldbenoresidentialsubdivisiondevelopedonthePetitionArea,thelandwouldberetainedinagriculture,anditscurrentuseforgrazingbycattleorotherlivestockwouldcontinuefortheforeseeablefuture.Sincenodevelopmentwouldoccur,theexistingphysicalenvironmentofthesitewouldnotbeaffected.Therewouldbenoadditionaldemandsforpublicservicesandroadwayinfrastructure.
UndertheNoActionalternative,theislandofKaua‘iandthegeneralpublicwouldnotrealizethesocialandeconomicbenefitsoftheprojectincluding:1)theavailabilityofapproximately235residentiallots,targetedtolocalresidentstomeetcurrentandprojectedhousingdemand;2)directcapitalinvestmentinthelocaleconomyduringtheconstructionperiod;3)incomeandexpendituresgeneratedbynewconstructionandlong‐termjobsandwages;4)purchasesofgoodsandservicesbyresidents;5)realpropertytaxrevenues;6)nettaxrevenuestotheCountyduringtheconstructionperiodandonanannualizedbasisthereafter.
PotentialbenefitsoftheNoActionalternativeinclude:1)existingopenspaceambianceandviewswouldremainunchanged;2)existinggrazingactivitieswouldberetainedandthepropertywouldbeavailableforfutureagriculturaluse;3)noshort‐termconstructionrelatedimpacts(e.g.,noise,dust,etc.);4)noadditionaltrafficgeneratedduringconstructionandoperationalperiod;and5)noadditionaldemandonregionalrecreation,publicservicesandinfrastructure.
TheNoActionalternativewasdeterminedtobelesspreferablethantheProposedActionbecauseitfailstomeetthePetitioner’sprimaryobjective,whichistoprovidehousingopportunitiesforlocalKaua‘iresidents.Theproject’sbenefitsfaroutweighthebenefitsofaNoActionalternative.
2.4.2 AGRICULTURALSUBDIVISIONDEVELOPMENT
Underthisalternative,thePetitionAreawouldbesubdividedintoagriculturallotsrangingfrom2to10acres,onwhichonedwellingwouldbepermittedineachlot.EachownerwouldberequiredtosignanagreementthatthepropertywillcomplywithStatelanduseguidelinesgoverninglandsintheStateAgriculturalLandUseDistrictandsubmitanagricultureplanstatingwhattheownerintendstoraiseontheproperty.Thisalternativewouldcreatethepotentialfortheresumptionofproductiveagriculturaluseoftheland,includingnewdiversifiedcrops.Ontheotherhand,anagriculturalsubdivisionwoulddolittletoaddresstheisland’scurrenthousingshortage,especiallyforworkforcehousing.
Anagriculturalsubdivisionwouldinvolvefewerandhigherpricedlotsthantheproposed235‐unitsubdivision.UndertheCounty’sagriculturalzoningregulations,anyresidentialdevelopmentonthepropertymustbe“farmdwellings”andaccessorytoagriculturaluse,althougharesidenceaslargeas5,000squarefeetwouldbeallowed.Duetothelargeracreageandhighersalesprices,anagriculturalsubdivisionwouldtendtoattractahigherincomebuyer,includingmoreoutofstateinvestorsandsecondhomeowners,comparedtotheproposedproject.Duetothefewernumberofresidentialunits,impactsonregionaltrafficandpublicserviceswouldbelessthantheproposed
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subdivision.Therewouldalsobelessofavisualimpact,sincemuchofthesite’sopenspacecharacterwouldberetained.
Apreviousproposaltodevelopa199‐lotagriculturalsubdivisionon2,020acresatKeālia‐‐includingthecurrent53.4‐acrePetitionArea‐‐wasapprovedbyKaua‘iCountyin2007.Thispreviousproposalreceivedmixedpublicreaction.Proponentsarguedthatitwouldpromoteagricultureandpresentanexampleofagriculturalsustainability,creatingthepotentialfordiversifiedcropproduction.Opponentsoftheproposalcriticizedits2,000acresizeandthepotentialforspeculativeinvestment,aswellasitslongtermimpactonlocalagriculture.ThesubdivisionpermitwassubsequentlyrescindedbyKaua‘iCounty,attherequestofKeāliaProperties,LLC.
InaSeptember27,2018letter,Mr.MichaelDahilig,DirectoroftheCountyPlanningDepartment,citedtheneedfor“approximately9,000residentialunitstokeeppacewithpopulationgrowthofourlocalresidents”andindicatedthePetitionAreaisconsideredabuildoutareatomeetthiscriticalneed.Mr.DahiligalludedtothenearbyKeāliaKaiagriculturalsubdivision,stating:
“Weareawarethemakaiareaisalreadyentitledwithagriculturalgentlemanestates,andthelikelihoodofdesireddensitytomeetthehousingdemandisfarfrombeingrealized.Thecomparableareaearmarkedforentitlementinthe[KeāliaMaukaHomesitesDraftEIS]wouldhelptomeetthistargetratherthancreatingadeficiencyinthecounty’scriticalplannedhousingbuildout.”
TheletterclearlystatestheCounty’spreferencefortheProposedActionasopposedtoanagriculturalsubdivision.Mr.Dahilig’sletterisincludedinAppendixA.
2.4.3 VARIATIONSINDEVELOPMENTDENSITY
2.4.3.1 LOWERDENSITYDEVELOPMENT
ThisalternativeinvolvescreatingasubdivisionwithlargeraveragelotsizesthantheProposedAction,forexample,10,000to20,000SF.Overallprojectdensitywouldbeabouttwotofourunitsperacre,comparedtoKeāliaMauka’sdensityoffourtofiveunitsperacre.A10,000SFlotwouldbesimilarinsizetomanyoftheKeāliaTownTractlots.TheselotsizesaremoreinkeepingwiththelotsoftheadjacentKa‘aoRoadsubdivision.Basedonaveragepricepersquarefoot,salespricesforthelotswouldbehigherthanthecurrentproposal.WhileitislikelythatthemajorityoflotpurchaserswouldstillbeKaua‘iresidents,thehigherpricescouldmakethembeyondthereachofmanyfamiliesenteringthehousingmarket.Thelargerlotswouldalsomakethehomesitesmoreattractivetooutofstateresidentsandspeculativebuyers.
Insummary,thisalternativemeetsmanyoftheprojectobjectives.However,duetothelargerlotsizesandhigherprices,itwouldbemoredifficulttomeettheneedsoflocalworkingfamilies.ThelargerlotswouldalsomakeitmoredifficultmeettheCounty’sdesirefor“workforcehousing,”i.e.,housingpricedtobeaffordabletofamiliesearningupto140percentofCountymedianincome.
2.4.3.2 HIGHERDENSITYDEVELOPMENT
Underthisalternative,thePetitionAreawouldbedevelopedwithgreaterdensitythanintheProposedAction,withdensitiesof10unitsperacreandup(oraveragelotsizesoflessthan4,400SF),includingmulti‐familyresidentialdevelopment.
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WhilethemarketstudypreparedforthisFEISdoesprojectademandformulti‐familyresidentialunitsintheEastKaua‘iregion,mostoftheexistingmulti‐familyunitsintheareahavehistoricallybeenvacationrentalsinresortcommunitiesalongtheshoreline.Multi‐familyhousingisgenerallylessattractivetolocalKaua‘iresidents,whohaveastrongpreferenceforsinglefamilyhousing.Thisalternativewouldbelessresponsivetothemarketdesiresoflocalresidents.Ahigherdensity,multi‐familydevelopmentisalsolesscompatiblewiththeneighboringKa‘aosubdivisionsandtheKeāliaKaidevelopmentacrossKūhiōHighway.
2.4.4 VARIATIONSINPETITIONAREA
2.4.4.1 LARGERPETITIONAREA
Thisalternativewouldcreatearesidentialsubdivisiononamuchlargerscalethanthecurrent53‐acre,235‐lotproposedPetitionArea.ThislargerareacouldpotentiallyencompasshundredsofadditionalacresandextendwellintouplandareasoftheTMKparcel(4)4‐7‐004:001andadjacentagriculturallands.InJuly2016,theCountyPlanningDepartmentdeterminedthattheproposedKeāliaMaukaprojectisconsistentwiththeKaua‘iCountyGeneralPlanLandUseMapwhichindicatesResidentialCommunitydevelopmentinthearea.ItisuncertainwhethertheCountywoulddeterminethatalargerprojectareaextendingfurthermaukawouldalsobeconsistentwiththeintentoftheGeneralPlan.
Alargerprojectareawouldresultinmoreresidentialunitsandpeople.Inthelongterm,itwouldcreatehighertrafficvolumesintheKeāliavicinitythantheProposedAction.LiketheProposedAction,alargerdevelopmentwouldtargetlocalresidentswhoarealreadyonisland.Therefore,therewouldbelittlenetincreaseinCounty‐widepopulation.However,becausefutureresidentsmayberelocatingfromonepartoftheislandtoanother,therecouldbeanoticeableimpactonenrollmentatKapa‘adistrictschoolswhicharealreadynearcapacity.Itisalsolikelythattheconversionofmoreagriculturallandtoanurbanusewouldencountergreatercommunityoppositionthantheproposeduseof53.4acres.
2.4.4.2 SMALLERPETITIONAREA
ThisalternativewouldinvolveasmallerscaleresidentialsubdivisionwithdensitiessimilartotheProposedAction.Asmallerprojectareawouldresultinfewertotallots,withfewerresidencestosharethecostofrequiredinfrastructureandutilityimprovements.Thiswouldlikelyresultinhigherpricesfortheindividuallotsinorderforthedevelopertorecouptheserelativelyfixedexpenses.AsmallerPetitionAreawouldnotbeeconomicallyfeasibleforthePetitioner.
2.4.5 TURNKEYHOMESFORSALE
Thisalternativeinvolvesverticalconstructionofsingle‐familyhomesoneachsubdividedlotinadditiontoinfrastructureprovision.Turnkeyreferstotheprovisionofacompletehousingproduct,readyforimmediateuse.Thehouseandlotwouldbeofferedforsaletobuyers.Whilethistypeofdevelopmentiscommonthroughoutthestate,itislesstypicalonKaua‘i,whereitiscustomarytoofferimprovedlotsforsale.Purchaseofvacantlotsprovidesbuyerstheopportunitytobuildtheirownhomeaccordingtopersonalpreference,andatatimewhenitismosteconomicallyfeasible.TheintentoftheProposedActionistocontinuethishistoricalpractice,whichtendstobepreferredbylocalresidents.However,thereremainsthepossibilitythatablockoflotscouldbesoldtoasinglepurchaserwhowillthenconstructfinishedhomesforsale.Therefore,thesaleofturnkey
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homesisapossibilityforaportionoftheKeāliaMaukasubdivision,butwouldbeuptootherprivatedevelopers.
2.4.6 POSTPONINGACTIONPENDINGFURTHERSTUDY
InaccordancewithHAR§11‐200‐17(f),adiscussiononthealternativeofpostponingactionpendingfurtherstudyisrequired.Thereare,infact,furtherstudiesthatmaybecompletedpriortothestartofprojectconstruction.However,theydonotrequirepostponementoftheProposedAction.
Forexample,soiltestingforcontaminantsassociatedwithpastagricultureuseisamitigationrecommendedbytheStateDepartmentofHealth(DOH),andwillbecompletedpriortoearthwork.ThisstudyinvolvespreparationofasoilsamplingplantobeapprovedbytheDOHHazardEvaluationandEmergencyResponse(HEER)office,andapprovalofthetestresultsandrecommendations.AnycontaminatedsoilsandmaterialswillberemediatedtothesatisfactionofDOHHEERpriortoconstruction.ThisissueisdiscussedinSection4.8,HazardousandRegulatedMaterialsandWaste.
ItisalwayspossiblethattheProposedActioncouldbepostponedduetochangesineconomicormarketconditionsorastheresultofanunexpecteddisaster(e.g.,hurricane).TheseareunpredictableandbeyondthecontrolofthePetitioner.Theprojectsiteislocatedawayfromthecoastlineandnotwithinanareavulnerabletonaturalhazards,whichminimizestheserisks.However,thereislittlebenefittopostponingtheProposedActiontoconductfurtherstudies. The market study indicated an immediate demand for the proposed housing product, and an increased housing inventory is a stated policy goal for the County. While some further studies may be conducted prior to construction, thePetitionerdoesnotintendtopostponetheProposedAction.
2.4.7 ALTERNATIVELOCATIONSFORTHEPROPOSEDPROJECT
HAR§11‐200‐17(f)alsorequiresadiscussiononalternativelocationsfortheproposedproject.ThePetitionerownssome2,000acresoflandwithintheKeāliaareathatarecurrentlyusedforgrazingandagriculturalactivity.Theseareas,comprisingTMK(4)4‐7‐004‐001and(4)4‐7‐003:002,areshowninFigure1‐3.
Withinthese2,000acres,thePetitionAreaisthemostappropriateforaresidentialsubdivision.Thesiteisadjacenttoanexistingresidentialsubdivision,minimizingsprawlandspotdevelopment.Thefuturesubdivisioncanutilizeanexistingroad(KeāliaRoad)foraccesstoKūhiōHighway,anddoesnotrequirecreationofanewaccesspointontothehighway,somethingtheStateDepartmentofTransportationhasprohibited.
TheCountyhasdeterminedthatresidentialdevelopmentofthePetitionAreaisconsistentwiththeGeneralPlanlanduseplan,andtheprojecthastheexpressedsupportoftheCountyPlanningDepartment.Itisuncertainwhetherthiswouldbethecaseforanalternativelocation.Ifanotherlocationwereproposed,aformaldeterminationfromtheCountywouldbeneeded.TherearenootherlocationsunderthePetitioner’scontrolthatofferthecharacteristicsnecessaryforaresidentialdevelopment:i.e.,adequateacreage,developabletopography,proximitytoutilityandroadwayinfrastructure,andconsistencywithCountylanduseplans.WhiletheremaybeotherundevelopedlandsclosertodowntownKapa‘a,theyarenotunderthecontrolofthePetitionerandthereforearenotconsideredfeasiblealternatives.
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