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Jus$ceReinvestmentinNorthDakota

MARCPELKA,DeputyDirector,StateDivisionSTEVEALLEN,SeniorPolicyAdvisorKATIEMOSEHAUER,ProjectManagerRACHAELDRUCKHAMMER,SeniorResearchAssociateMICHELLERODRIGUEZ,ProgramAssociate

Presenta(ontoNorthDakotaJudiciaryCommi7eeJune6,2016

TheCouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter

TheJusGceCenterprovidesprac$cal,nonpar$sanadviceinformedbythebestavailableevidence.

NaGonalnonprofit,nonparGsanmembershipassociaGonofstategovernmentofficialsthatengagesmembersofallthreebranchesofstategovernment.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|2

WhatisJusGceReinvestment?

Adata-drivenapproachtoreducecorrecGonsspendingandreinvestsavingsinstrategiesthatcandecreaserecidivismandincreasepublicsafetyTheJusGceReinvestmentIniGaGveissupportedbyfundingfromtheU.S.DepartmentofJus$ce’sBureauofJus$ceAssistance(BJA)andThePewCharitableTrusts

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|3

NorthDakotastatepolicymakersenactedlegislaGonandformallyrequestedtechnicalassistanceforjusGcereinvestment

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 4

NorthDakotastateleadersrequestedassistancefromPewandBJAtoreceivetechnicalassistancefromtheCSGJusGceCentertouseadata-driven

jusGcereinvestmentapproach

Senate Majority Leader

Wardner

Governor Dalrymple

Chief Justice VandeWalle

Attorney General

Stenehjem

Senate Minority Leader

Schneider

House Majority Leader Carlson

Legislative Management

Chairman Holmberg

House Minority Leader Onstad

HB1165andHB1015createdaninterimcommiYeetoguideajusGcereinvestmentapproach

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StateleadersaredemonstraGngsupportforNorthDakota’sjusGcereinvestmentapproach

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|5

IncarceraGonIssuesCommiYeeJanuary26,2016

Leann Bertsch, Director of the North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation “Our overall goal is a safer North Dakota. It’s not about being tough on crime it’s about being smart on crime.”

GovernorJackDalrymple“WewelcomethisopportunitytofurtherreviewourcriminaljusGcesystemandbuildonourworktoreducerecidivismandtoensurethatspendingoncorrecGonsisascost-effecGveaspossible,whileadheringtoourhighstandardsofpublicsafety.”

ARorneyGeneralStenehjem“NorthDakotaremainsoneofthesafeststatesinthenaGon.Ourstatewideeffortstoaddressrecentincreasesinviolentcrimeareproducingresults.AsourstateconGnuesitshistoricpopulaGongrowth,wemustassessourcriminaljusGcesystemtoensureithasthetoolsandcapacitytoprovidethetypeofpublicsafetyoutcomesourresidentsdeserve.”

Type text here

HouseMinorityLeaderKentonOnstad“BothpoliGcalparGesareeagertoworktogetheronthisJusGceReinvestmentIniGaGvetobolsterpublicsafetyandfinetuneourcriminaljusGcesystemasthestateconGnuestogrow.”

Senator Ron Carlisle “The legislature has focused on criminal justice policy in recent sessions and we are looking forward to continuing this work with the Justice Reinvestment Initiative. Once the review is completed we will have a better sense of what programs have a proven record of success and where we need to reinvest.” Chief Justice Gerald VandeWalle "The challenges across the criminal justice system have been growing, and I am happy to see that analysis of pressures on the judicial system and concerns about our role will be part of the justice reinvestment review.”

StatesusingthejusGcereinvestmentapproachwithCSGJusGceCenter

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 6

NV

AZ

TX

KS

OK

WI

NC

IN

VT NH

OH CT

MI

WV

RI

ID

AL

NE

Past states Current states (Phase I or II)

PA

WA MT

AR

MA

ND

HI

JusGcereinvestmentincludesatwo-partprocessspanninganalysis,policydevelopment,andimplementaGon

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|7

1 Bipar$san,InterbranchWorkingGroup

AssemblepracGGonersandleaders;receiveandconsiderinformaGon,reports,andpolicies

2 DataAnalysis AnalyzedatasourcesfromacrossthecriminaljusGcesystemforcomprehensiveanalysis

3 StakeholderEngagement ComplementdataanalysiswithinputfromstakeholdergroupsandinterestedparGes

4 PolicyOp$onsDevelopment

PresentapolicyframeworktoreducecorrecGonscosts,increasepublicsafety,andprojecttheimpacts

I.Pre-Enactment

5 PolicyImplementa$on IdenGfyneedsforimplementaGonanddelivertechnicalassistanceforreinvestmentstrategies

6 MonitorKeyMeasures Monitortheimpactofenactedpoliciesandprograms,adjustimplementaGonplanasneeded

II.Post-Enactment

FouraspectsofjusGcereinvestmentthathelptacklecriminaljusGcesystemchallenges

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 8 Source:*PewCharitableTrusts,“Bipar(sanSupportforJus(ceReinvestmentLegisla(on,”June17,2015,h7p://www.pewtrusts.org/en/mul(media/data-visualiza(ons/2015/bipar(san-support-for-jus(ce-reinvestment-legisla(on.

Largebipar$sanmajori$esleadlegisla$veapproval

In30states,jusGcereinvestmentreformshavereceivedmorethan5,700“aye”votesinstatelegislatures,comparedwithfewerthan500“no”votes.*

Intensivedataanalysishelpsuncoverpreviouslyunexploredchallenges

Nebraskadiscoveredaprison“revolvingdoor”ofpeopleconvictedoflow-leveloffenses,mostlyforoffensesnotincludingviolence,servingshortsentencesbeforereturningtothecommunity.

Stakeholderinputcri$caltodefiningthechallengeandreachingconsensussolu$on

InWestVirginia,prosecutors,judges,andlawenforcementchampionedareinvestmentpackagethathasledto$9Mover3yearsinexpandedcommunity-basedsubstanceusetreatment.

Sustainedstateleadershipthroughimplementa$on

Pennsylvania’scorrecGonsandparoleagenciesmaximizedimpacts,generaGngmillionsofaddiGonalsavingsforreinvestmentinvicGmservices,probaGon,andlawenforcement.

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NorthDakotaJusGceReinvestmentTimeline

PressConference&ProjectLaunch

Mee$ng1IniGalAnalysis

ImpactAnalysisIniGalAnalysis DetailedDataAnalysis

Mee$ng2April20

InterimReport

FinalReport

StakeholderEngagement

Policymaker&StakeholderEngagement,BriefingsPolicyDevelopment

OngoingEngagement

…

DataAnalysis

Mee$ng3June7

InterimReport

Mee$ng4TBD

FinalAnalysis

Mee$ng6TBD

PolicyOpGonsDiscussed

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Jan2017

Mee$ng7TBD

PolicyOpGonsDiscussed

Legisla$onPre-Filed

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|9

JusGcereinvestmentinvolvesreviewingtheenGresystemtoidenGfyopportuniGestoreducepressureandincreasepublicsafety

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|10

TOPICOFANALYSIS WHENANALYSISWILLBECOVERED

Sentencingpolicy April

SentencingpracGces April

Statutereview April

ProbaGon June7

Prison June7

Recidivism/outcomes June7

Parole June/July

Front-endpressures July

CountyJails July

Pretrialprocesses(pretrialrelease,lengthofstay,bail,etc.) July

CSGJusGceCenterstaffarepursuingregionalperspecGvesinstakeholderengagement,reflecGngthestate’ssizeanddiversity

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|11

Proba$on&ParoleOfficer

Survey

Probation and parole officers (hereinafter referred to as probation officers) across the state participated in an online CSG Justice Center staff survey. 71 percent of probation officers responded, and their input is included in today’s presentation.

87CALLS&MEETINGS

10ON-SITEVISITS

8DIFFERENTREGIONS

SINCEFALL2015

Stakeholderinputinformsthedataanalysispresentedtoday

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|12

CourtsMeeGngs/callswithindividualjudges,stateaYorneys,andtheAYorneyGeneral’sOffice;administraGonofajudicialsurvey;andcourtobservaGons

BehavioralHealthDHS,RegionalHumanServicesCenters,RuthMeiersHospitalityCenter,ADAPTInc.,HeartviewFoundaGon,HeartRiverAlcoholandDrugAbuseServices,NaGveAmericanResourceCenter,andChoiceRecoveryCounseling

LawEnforcementBurleigh,Ward,andCassCountyPoliceDepartment;BismarckandMinotPoliceDepartment;StarkandWilliams CountySheriff’sOffice;SouthwestMulGCorrecGonCenter;andpresentedatthe joint Chiefs and Sheriffs Associations meeting

NorthDakotaLegislatureMeeGngswithSenatorsandHouseRepresentaGves

Correc$onsMeeGngswithDOCRstaff,CentreInc.,andtheDakotaWomen'sCorrecGonalRehabCenter;probaGonofficerssurvey;andobservaGonofprobaGonreporGngsessions

Community and Tribal Organizations NDACo, Indian Affairs Commission, Three Affiliated Tribes, CAWS North Dakota, North Dakota Council on Abused Women Services Coalition, and North Dakota Board of Addiction Counseling Services

Incarcera$onIssuesCommiReeIndividualmeeGngs/callswithworkinggroupmembersandtheirstaff

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4

Overview

01 ReviewofBig-PictureTrends

02 ProjectUpdate

03 ExampleofJusGceReinvestmentinAcGon

*The2006-2013(meframeisthemostrecentdataavailableforna(onaldatacomparisonsonjailpopula(ons.Source:U.S.DepartmentofJus(ce,BureauofJus(ceSta(s(cs(BJS)CensusofJails:Popula(onChanges,1999-2013(WashingtonDC:BJA,2015).ExcludestheunifiedjailandprisonsystemsinAlaska,Connec(cut,Delaware,RhodeIsland,HawaiiandVermont.BJS,“Correc(onalSta(s(calAnalysisTool(2005–2014),”retrievedonJanuary21,2016,fromh7p://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=nps.

NorthDakota’sjailandprisonpopulaGonsaregrowingfasterthannearlyeveryotherstate

TheNorthDakotaprisonpopulaGonwastheFOURTHHIGHESTpercentincreaseinthecountrybetween2005and2014

SignificantGrowthinJailPopula$onStableJailPopula$on

TheNorthDakotajailpopulaGonwastheTHIRDHIGHESTpercentincreaseinthecountrybetween2006and2013

SignificantGrowthinJailPopula$onStablePrisonPopula$on

32%

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 14

83%

DOCRone-dayinmatepopula(onsnapshotsfor2005–2007areasofJanuary1ofeachfiscalyear.DOCRone-dayinmatepopula(onsnapshotsfor2008–2015andone-dayinmatepopula(onprojec(onsfor2016–2025areasofthelastdayofeachfiscalyear(June30).Source:EmailcorrespondencebetweenCSGJus(ceCenterandDOCR,2015and2016.

1,329

1,751

3,061

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

ActualOne-DayCount ProjectedOne-DayCount PrisonCapacity

DOCRHistoricalandProjectedOne-DayInmateCounts,2005–2025

CurrentPrisonCapacity1,479Beds

ActualPrisonPopulaGon

+32%

ProjectedGrowth+75%

Thestate’scorrecGonalsystemisatcapacityandisforecastedtogrowsignificantlyoverthenextdecade

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|15

*Budgeted,notspentfor2016and2017.Biennialbudgetsrunonatwo-yearcycle.Budgetinforma(oncitedhereisfromJuly1,2003toJune30,2005andthemostrecentrunningfromJuly1,2013toJune30,2015.Source:DOCR,BiennialReport2003–2005.(Bismarck:DOCR,2005);DOCR,BiennialReport2013–2015.ActualGeneralFundappropria(onswere$83,458,031for2005and$178,475,785for2015.

GeneralFundCorrecGonsAppropriaGons(inmillions),FY2007–2017

64%

CorrecGonsSpendingIncrease,FY07–09toFY15–17

WithoutacGon,publicsafetydollarswillbeconsumedtryingtokeepupwithgrowthratherthaninvesGngincrimeandrecidivism-reducGonstrategies

TheFY2009–11statebudgetprovided$64million($22.5millionfromtheGeneralFund)forconstrucGonandrenovaGonattheNorthDakotaStatePenitenGary.

DOCRalsoreceivesspecialfundingallocaGons.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|16

$131$144

$160$181

$215*

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

FY07–09 FY09–11 FY11–13 FY13–15 FY15–17

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Overview

01 ReviewofBig-PictureTrends

02 ProjectUpdate

03 ExampleofJusGceReinvestmentinAcGon

DefiniGonsofoffensecategoriesusedinthisanalysis

Source:Administra(veOfficeoftheCourtsfilingoffensedata

DrivingUndertheInfluence•  DrivingUndertheInfluence•  DrivingUndertheInfluenceResulGng

inInjuryorDeath•  OperaGngaBoat/WatercratUnder

theInfluence

Person•  AggravatedAssault•  Robbery•  Homicide•  Manslaughter•  Assault•  Kidnapping•  DomesGcViolence•  ChildAbuse•  SexualAssault

Property•  ThetofProperty/

Service•  InsufficientFunds•  PossessionofStolen

Property•  Burglary•  CriminalMischief•  Forgery/fraud•  MotorVehicleThet

Drug•  Possession•  DistribuGon(includes

possessionwithintenttodistribute)

•  Manufacturing•  Drugparaphernalia•  ForgedprescripGon•  Controlledsubstance

atschool

DrivingwithSuspendedLicense•  DrivingwhileLicenseSuspended•  DrivingaterLicenseRevoked•  DrivinginViolaGonofLicense

RestricGon•  DrivingwithoutaValidLicense

Other•  Disorderlyconduct•  CriminalTrespass•  ResisGng/Evading

Arrest•  RecklessDriving•  LeavingtheSceneof

anAccident•  Minorinpossession

ofalcohol•  ContribuGngtothe

delinquencyofaminor

•  DrivingwithoutInsurance/RegistraGon

•  Crueltytoanimals•  HunGngoffenses

Note:Viola(onsofsexoffenderregistra(onwerecategorizedas“Person”offenses,andaccountedforlessthanonepercentofalloffensessentenced.

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 18

OffenseclassessetthemaximumconfinementandprobaGonlengthsaswellasfines

CLASS MAXCONFINEMENT MAXPROBATIONTERM MAXFINE EXAMPLEOFFENSES

InfracGon N/A N/A $1,000 Saleoftobaccotominors

MisdemeanorB

30days

360days

$1,500

DUI,disorderlyconduct,prosGtuGon

MisdemeanorA

1year

2years

$3,000IngesGngacontrolled

substance,larceny(under$1,000)

FelonyC

5years

3years;5yearsforcertain

offenses/offenders

$10,000

Thet,failuretoappear,PossessionofaControlledSubstanceOtherthanMarijuana(firstoffense)

FelonyB

10years

3years;5yearsforcertainoffenses/offenders

$20,000Manslaughter,aggravated

assault(aggravatedcircumstances)

FelonyA

20years

3years;5yearsforcertainoffenses/offenders

$20,000Robberywithadangerous

weapon,humantraffickingofsomeoneover18

FelonyAA

Life(withor

withoutparole)

Notspecified

$20,000

Murder;GrosssexualimposiGon;Humantraffickingofsomeoneundertheageof

18

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|19

777

474

1,175

230

228

440

217

298

599590

464

729

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Felonysentenceeventsfordrugoffensesincreased2.5Gmesbetween2011and2014

Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtssentencingdata

FelonySentenceEventsbyOffenseType,FY2006–FY2014

Theoffenseshownhererepresentstheoffenseassociatedwiththemostseveresentencewithinasentenceevent.

*”Other”felonyoffensesinclude:DUI,CriminalTrespass,RecklessEndangerment,Terroris(cThreat,Weaponoffenses,andotheroffensesthatdidnotfitintotheabovecategories.

TypeofOffense

2006–2011Difference

2011–2014Difference

2006–2014Difference

Property –21% 57% 91%

Drug –39% 148% 51%

Person 37% 101% 176%

Other –1% 93% 24%

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|20

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Thenumberofsentenceeventsclimbed23percent,withlargerincreasescomingfromthewesternpartofthestate

Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtssentencingdata

ChangeinTotalSentenceEventsbyJudicialDistrict,FY2006–FY2014

+83%NORTHWEST

+106%SOUTHWEST

+79%NORTHCENTRAL

+4%NORTHEAST

+29%SOUTHCENTRAL

-10%SOUTHEAST

-16%NORTHEASTCENTRAL

-5%EASTCENTRAL

*Between1and3%ofsentenceeventsaremissingjudgeordistrictinforma(onineachfiscalyear

+23%STATETOTAL

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|21

Shareofsentenceeventsislargelysplitbetweenthewesternandeasternjudicialdistricts

PowerPointToolkit:PleasefindbelowtheelementsmostlyusedinJRPPTthatispre-formaYedwithsuggestedspecificaGonsoflinethickness,colorcombinaGons,etc.TocutformawngGme,simplycopy,pasteadjustthetextorshapebelowtotheslidedecktothelet.

SuggestedColors:Thesesuggestedcolorsandtheirtones/huesarecomplimentarytotheJusGceCentercolorsofblueandgoldthatarealsogoodcontrasttocatertoanindividual’sabilitytoprocessdifferentcolors.

Black

Charcoal

Gold

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Slate

Rose

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ShareofTotalSentenceEventsbyJudicialDistrict,FY2014

13%(2,387EVENTS)NORTHWEST

8%(1,441EVENTS)SOUTHWEST

13%(2,216EVENTS)NORTHCENTRAL

11%(1,915EVENTS)NORTHEAST

20%(3,617EVENTS)SOUTHCENTRAL 10%

(1,762EVENTS)SOUTHEAST

9%(1,555EVENTS)

NORTHEASTCENTRAL

14%(2,561EVENTS)EASTCENTRAL

*2%ofsentenceeventsweremissingjudgeordistrictinforma(oninfiscalyear2014

17,788STATETOTAL

Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata Council of State Governments Justice Center |

22

5%

19%

16%

60%

ProbaGon

In2014,76percentoffelonysentenceeventsaretoincarceraGon(jailorprison)

Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata

“Notspecified"sentencesarecaseswithasentencetypeentered,butnootherinforma(onindica(veofconfinement,supervision,orsentencelengthisprovided.Lessthanonepercentoffelonyconvic(onswereforconfinementtoafacilitynotoperatedbyDOCRorlocaljail.

StraightPrison(876)

ParGallySuspendedPrison(900)

StraightJail(247)ParGallySuspendedJail(217)

1,776

464

557

146

Prison

51%

49%

52%48%Jail

Unspecified

FelonySentenceEvents,FY2014N=2,943

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 23

DrugoffensesmakeupalargershareoffelonysentenceeventsinNorthDakotathanotherstates,andasmallerproporGonofdrugsentenceeventsaretoprobaGon

35%15% 20% 19% 15%

17%

24%

18%18% 19% 20%

26%

50% 39%

69%*

28% 27% 25%

22% 26% 28% 31% 33% 35% 40%

Nebraska Michigan N.Carolina

Kansas US Idaho N.Dakota

Other Person Property Drug

77%

67%

62%

33%

27%

20%

18%

61%

27%

21%

23%

33%

15%

33%

11%

43%

56%

23%

9%

5%

N.Carolina

Kansas

Idaho

U.S.

Michigan

Nebraska

N.Dakota

ProbaGon Jail Prison Other

FelonySentenceEventsbyOffenseCategoryFelonyDrugSentenceEventsbyTypeof

DisposiGon

Source:Statewidesentences—NebraskaJUSTICEsentencingdata,FY2013;OfficeofCommunityAlterna(ves,MIDept.ofCorrec(ons,November2012;NCSentencingandPolicyAdvisoryCommission;FY2014;KSFelonySentencingData;StructuredSentencingSta(s(calReportFY2014;BJSFelonySentencesinStateCourts,2006–Sta(s(calTables;IDOCadmissionsandreleasedata,FY2012;CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata

Kansas’ssentencingdatacategorizespersonandpropertyintothesamecategory(“non-drug”).

1%

31% 4%

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|24

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NorthDakotasentencesasmallerproporGonoffelonysentenceeventstoprobaGonthanthenaGonalaverageandmostjusGcereinvestmentstates

Source:StatewideDisposi(ons–FiscalYear2012,OfficeofCommunityAlterna(ves,MIDept.ofCorrec(ons,November2012;KSFelonySentencingData;StructuredSentencingSta(s(calReportFY2011/12,NCSentencingandPolicyAdvisoryCommission;BJSFelonySentencesinStateCourts,2006–Sta(s(calTables;NebraskaJUSTICEsentencingdata;CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata

Michigan Na$onal KansasNorthCarolinaNebraska IdahoNorth

Dakota

Graybarsindicate“Other”

Washington

Proba$on

22%

Prison/Jail74%

Prison52%Jail22%

Proba$on

19%

Prison/Jail76%

Prison60%Jail16%

Proba$on

23%

Prison/Jail76%

Prison21%Jail55%

Proba$on

27%

Prison/Jail69%

Prison41%Jail28%

Proba$on

34%

Prison/Jail66%

Prison42%Jail24%

Proba$on

58%

Prison/Jail42%

Prison42%

Proba$on

69%

Prison/Jail31%

Prison24%Jail7%

Prison/Jail88%

Prison39%Jail49%

Proba$on

10%

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 25

ClassCoffensesaccountforfouroutoffivefelonysentenceevents,withslightvariaGonacrossthejudicialdistricts

Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata

FelonySentenceEventsbyJudicialDistrict,FY2014

84% 83% 77% 83%91%

77%86% 84%

9% 10% 15% 9%4%

16%9% 10%

7% 6% 7% 7% 3% 6% 3% 4%0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

SWDistrict

SCDistrict

SEDistrict

ECDistrict

NECDistrict

NEDistrict

NCDistrict

NWDistrict

FelonyClass Number

PercentTotal

AA 37 1%

A 163 6%

B 297 10%

C 2,446 83%

Total 2,943 100%

FelonySentenceEventStateTotals,FY2014

FelonyCFelonyBFelonyAFelonyAA

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|26

76percentofClassCsentenceeventsweretoincarceraGonineitherjailorprison

Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtssentencingdata

FelonyCSentenceEventsbyType,FY2014N=2,446

59% 17% 18% 5%

Prison Jail Proba$on Other*

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|27

54%

46%

JAILStraightSentence

JAILParGally

Suspended

41%

14%

6%

39%

Prison,Fully

Suspended

Jail,Fully

Suspended

StraightProbaGon

DeferredImposiGon

4%

95%

1%

Other,Confinement

Other,No

InformaGon

OtherSuspendedSentence

50%

50%

PRISONStraightSentence

PRISONParGally

Suspended

Shapes

Square/Rectangle

Circles/Ovals

Arrows

Lines

AcommonthemeamongstakeholderswasconcernregardingalackoftreatmentopGonstoaddressmentalhealthandsubstanceuseneeds

Concernsheardacrossthecriminaljus$cesystem:

RuralcommuniGesreportedalackoflocalhealthcareservices

Someprofessionalsreportedthatservicesweregenerallyavailable,butthatjusGcesystemindividualscouldnotaccessthem

LongwaitGmestoaccessserviceswerereportedinseveraljurisdicGons

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|28

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Amajorityofjudgeshavesentencedindividualstoprisoninordertoconnectthemwithmentalhealthoralcoholanddrugprogramming

Haveyoueversentencedsomeonetoprisoninordertoconnecthim/herwithneededmental

health,alcoholordrugaddicGonprogramming,orothertreatmentevenwhenhe/sheisnot

consideredhighrisk?

JudgesnotedthatthesesentencesarereservedforspecificinstanceswithextenuaGngcircumstances,suchas:

YES70%

NO30%

§  Inadequateservicesinthelocalarea

§  Community-baseddrugoralcoholtreatmentprogramshavefailedorbeenexhausted

§  Defendanthasnoabilitytopayfortreatment

Source:2014CSGJus(ceCenterNorthDakotaJudicialSurvey CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|29

Judgesseemedmoreconfidentthatsubstanceusetreatmentisavailablethanmentalhealthtreatment,andthattreatmentwasmostavailableinstateprison

PercentageofJudgesRespondingthatTreatmentIsOtenAvailableasComparedtoAlways,SomeGmes,orNever

Source:2014CSGJus(ceCenterNorthDakotaJudicialSurvey

Inprison ParoleorprobaGoninthecommunity

InpaGenttreatmentonparoleorprobaGon

MentalHealthTreatment SubstanceUseTreatment

53%

31%

44% 45%

19%

31%

•  Credibletreatment

•  InpaGentandoutpaGentdrugandalcoholtreatment

•  HOPEprobaGonprogram

•  Half-wayhouses

•  AddiGonalSCRAMbracelets

•  Mandatorytreatmentprovidedaspartofsentence

Judgesiden$fiedthefollowingasneededcriminaljus$ceresources:

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|30

ChallengesidenGfiedbysentencinganalysis

Felonysentenceeventsdoubledbetween2011and2014,primarilyduetodrugoffensesThree-quartersoflowest-levelfelonysentenceevents(ClassC)weretoincarceraGonNorth Dakota sentences a smaller proportion of felony sentence events to probation than many other states

v 

v 

v 

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|31

ChallengesidenGfiedbytenyearreview

NorthDakota’sjailandprisonpopulaGonsareexperiencingsomeofthelargestratesofgrowthinthecountryThestate’scorrecGonalsystemisovercapacityandhassignificantgrowthforecastedoverthenextdecadeWithoutacGon,publicsafetydollarswillbeconsumedtryingtokeepupwithgrowthratherthaninvestedincrimeandrecidivismreducGonstrategies

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CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|32

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CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|33

Currentcontractbeds(530)carriedforwardthrough2025$220M

PopulaGongrowth(1,310)carriedthrough2025 $265M

Ten-yearcostofrelyingoncontractedcapacitytoaccommodate

projectedprisongrowth

TotalEs$matedCostofAccommoda$ngPrisonGrowthThroughContractBeds

$485M

+

=

dailyratees(mateis$114/day

NorthDakota’scriminaljusGcesystemposessignificantfinancialchallengesunlesspolicyacGonistaken

1,3291,751

3,061

1,515

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

ActualOne-DayCount ProjectedOne-DayCount

EXISTINGCAPACITY

HISTORICALANDPROJECTEDONE-DAYTOTALINMATECOUNTS,FY2005-2025

BuildingaNEWSTATEPRISONwouldaddcostsabovethecontractbeds

OUT-OF-STATECONTRACTBEDSlikelywouldbeneeded,possiblyincreasingcollateralcosts

ContractbedswithinthestateofNorthDakotaareNOTADEQUATELYEQUIPPEDtohandleinmates’specialneeds

Source:DOCRemails(2015-17contractfacilitybudgetinforma(onandDOCRfacilitycost-per-dayfigures);DOCRhousingdata;DOCRinmateprojec(ons;“LockingUpNorthDakota,”DOCR2015.

OpportuniGesforNorthDakotatoaddressthesechallenges

AvertsignificantincreasesincorrecGonsspendingbyprioriGzingincarceraGonforhighest-riskpeopleconvictedofthemostseriousoffensesLowerrecidivismbyfocusingeffecGvesupervisionplustreatmentonhigher-riskprobaGonersandparoleesIncreasestakeholderconfidencebyimprovingcommunity-basedtreatmentcapacity

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CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|34

Overview

01 ReviewofBig-PictureTrends

02 ProjectUpdate

03 ExampleofJusGceReinvestmentinAcGon

TransformingprobaGonsupervision

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|36

53%ofprisonadmissions

areproba$onrevoca$ons

SupervisionviolaGonhearingsareGme-consuming,frequentlydelayed,andotenresultinreinstatementonsupervision

75%ofrevocaGons

areforcondi$onviola$ons

(druguse,absconding)

Policydesignedto:

•  ReduceviolaGonhearings•  ReduceGmeincourt•  ReducejailGmespentawaiGng

hearings

AdministraGveJailSancGons

2-3daysancGon

“quickdip”

TailoredPrisonSancGons

90daysancGon“CRV”

&PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE

TherearefewmeaningfulgraduatedsancGonsforminorcondiGonviolaGons

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ReinvenGnghowtreatmentisfundedanddelivered

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|37

PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE

FundingbyanoutdatedformulaandresourcesspreadthinlyacrossenGrepopulaGoninsteadofbeingtargetedtowardthosewiththegreatestneedfortreatment

50%ofprobaGonersneedsubstanceuseormentalhealth

services,butonly

25%receivedservices

Focustreatmentresourcesonhigh-riskindividualsUsecogniGvebehavioralapproachfocusingonchangingthecharacterisGcsassociatedwithrecidivism

53%ofprisonadmissions

areproba$onrevoca$ons

Cratingawin-winforcounGesandthestate

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|38

PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE53%ofprisonadmissions

areproba$onrevoca$ons

MisdemeanorOffenders

1/4ofprisonadmissions

weremisdemeanoroffenders

3monthsaverage

lengthofstay

Misdemeanoroffendersweredifficulttodealwithefficientlyinprisonsdesignedformoreseriousfelonswithlongersentences

Policyallowsmisdemeanoroffendersincountyjailswith:

•  Sheriffapproval•  Bedspacecapacity•  Reimbursementfromnew

statefund,supportedbyfees

StatewideMisdemeanorConfinementProgram

$560m

averted costs and savings by FY2017

10

prisons closed since 2011

175

new probation officers in FY2014 and FY2015

11% drop in crime between

2011-2013

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

2005 Actual Prison Population 36,663

Prison Population at JRA Passing June 2011

41,030

8% drop in prison population 50% drop in revocations 41% drop in releases without supervision

Baseline Projected Prison Population

43,220

JRA Projected Prison Population

38,264

KeypublicsafetyandcorrecGonstrendssincejusGcereinvestmentlegislaGonwasenacted

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter 39

June 30, 2014 Actual Prison Population 37,665

CSGhelpsstatescratreinvestmentstrategiesthatareresponsivetolocalizedneedsandprioriGes

Reinvestedinfirsttwoyearsinsubstanceusetreatmentfor

supervisionpopulaGonUp-frontinvestment

MaximizeimpactofexisGnginvestments

ReallocatedexisGngbehavioralhealthresourcesbasedonevidence-basedpracGces

STATE APPROACH POLICY

RequirereinvestmentinstatuteoverGme

Createdfour-yearreinvestmentscheduletosupportlaw

enforcement,vicGmservices,andriskassessment

CreateincenGveforaddiGonalreinvestmentbasedonperformance

CounGesthatreducedprobaGonrevocaGonseligible

forincenGvefunding

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter

WestVirginia

NorthCarolina

Pennsylvania

OhioCouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|40

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11

NorthDakotaJusGceReinvestmentTimeline

PressConference&ProjectLaunch

Mee$ng1IniGalAnalysis

ImpactAnalysisIniGalAnalysis DetailedDataAnalysis

Mee$ng2April20

InterimReport

FinalReport

StakeholderEngagement

Policymaker&StakeholderEngagement,BriefingsPolicyDevelopment

OngoingEngagement

…

DataAnalysis

Mee$ng3June7

InterimReport

Mee$ng4TBD

FinalAnalysis

Mee$ng6TBD

PolicyOpGonsDiscussed

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Jan2017

Mee$ng7TBD

PolicyOpGonsDiscussed

Legisla$onPre-Filed

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|41

MichelleRodriguez,ProgramAssociatemrodriguez@csg.orgReceivemonthlyupdatesaboutjusGcereinvestmentstatesacrossthecountryaswellasotherCSGJusGceCenterPrograms.Signupat:CSGJUSTICECENTER.ORG/SUBSCRIBEThismaterialwaspreparedfortheStateofNorthDakota.ThepresentaGonwasdevelopedbymembersofTheCouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenterstaff.BecausepresentaGonsarenotsubjecttothesamerigorousreviewprocessasotherprintedmaterials,thestatementsmadereflecttheviewsoftheauthors,andshouldnotbeconsideredtheofficialposiGonoftheJusGceCenter,themembersofTheCouncilofStateGovernments,orthefundingagenciessupporGngthework.

ThankYou