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Jus$ceReinvestmentinNorthDakota
MARCPELKA,DeputyDirector,StateDivisionSTEVEALLEN,SeniorPolicyAdvisorKATIEMOSEHAUER,ProjectManagerRACHAELDRUCKHAMMER,SeniorResearchAssociateMICHELLERODRIGUEZ,ProgramAssociate
Presenta(ontoNorthDakotaJudiciaryCommi7eeJune6,2016
TheCouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter
TheJusGceCenterprovidesprac$cal,nonpar$sanadviceinformedbythebestavailableevidence.
NaGonalnonprofit,nonparGsanmembershipassociaGonofstategovernmentofficialsthatengagesmembersofallthreebranchesofstategovernment.
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|2
WhatisJusGceReinvestment?
Adata-drivenapproachtoreducecorrecGonsspendingandreinvestsavingsinstrategiesthatcandecreaserecidivismandincreasepublicsafetyTheJusGceReinvestmentIniGaGveissupportedbyfundingfromtheU.S.DepartmentofJus$ce’sBureauofJus$ceAssistance(BJA)andThePewCharitableTrusts
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|3
NorthDakotastatepolicymakersenactedlegislaGonandformallyrequestedtechnicalassistanceforjusGcereinvestment
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 4
NorthDakotastateleadersrequestedassistancefromPewandBJAtoreceivetechnicalassistancefromtheCSGJusGceCentertouseadata-driven
jusGcereinvestmentapproach
Senate Majority Leader
Wardner
Governor Dalrymple
Chief Justice VandeWalle
Attorney General
Stenehjem
Senate Minority Leader
Schneider
House Majority Leader Carlson
Legislative Management
Chairman Holmberg
House Minority Leader Onstad
HB1165andHB1015createdaninterimcommiYeetoguideajusGcereinvestmentapproach
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StateleadersaredemonstraGngsupportforNorthDakota’sjusGcereinvestmentapproach
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|5
IncarceraGonIssuesCommiYeeJanuary26,2016
Leann Bertsch, Director of the North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation “Our overall goal is a safer North Dakota. It’s not about being tough on crime it’s about being smart on crime.”
GovernorJackDalrymple“WewelcomethisopportunitytofurtherreviewourcriminaljusGcesystemandbuildonourworktoreducerecidivismandtoensurethatspendingoncorrecGonsisascost-effecGveaspossible,whileadheringtoourhighstandardsofpublicsafety.”
ARorneyGeneralStenehjem“NorthDakotaremainsoneofthesafeststatesinthenaGon.Ourstatewideeffortstoaddressrecentincreasesinviolentcrimeareproducingresults.AsourstateconGnuesitshistoricpopulaGongrowth,wemustassessourcriminaljusGcesystemtoensureithasthetoolsandcapacitytoprovidethetypeofpublicsafetyoutcomesourresidentsdeserve.”
Type text here
HouseMinorityLeaderKentonOnstad“BothpoliGcalparGesareeagertoworktogetheronthisJusGceReinvestmentIniGaGvetobolsterpublicsafetyandfinetuneourcriminaljusGcesystemasthestateconGnuestogrow.”
Senator Ron Carlisle “The legislature has focused on criminal justice policy in recent sessions and we are looking forward to continuing this work with the Justice Reinvestment Initiative. Once the review is completed we will have a better sense of what programs have a proven record of success and where we need to reinvest.” Chief Justice Gerald VandeWalle "The challenges across the criminal justice system have been growing, and I am happy to see that analysis of pressures on the judicial system and concerns about our role will be part of the justice reinvestment review.”
StatesusingthejusGcereinvestmentapproachwithCSGJusGceCenter
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 6
NV
AZ
TX
KS
OK
WI
NC
IN
VT NH
OH CT
MI
WV
RI
ID
AL
NE
Past states Current states (Phase I or II)
PA
WA MT
AR
MA
ND
HI
JusGcereinvestmentincludesatwo-partprocessspanninganalysis,policydevelopment,andimplementaGon
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|7
1 Bipar$san,InterbranchWorkingGroup
AssemblepracGGonersandleaders;receiveandconsiderinformaGon,reports,andpolicies
2 DataAnalysis AnalyzedatasourcesfromacrossthecriminaljusGcesystemforcomprehensiveanalysis
3 StakeholderEngagement ComplementdataanalysiswithinputfromstakeholdergroupsandinterestedparGes
4 PolicyOp$onsDevelopment
PresentapolicyframeworktoreducecorrecGonscosts,increasepublicsafety,andprojecttheimpacts
I.Pre-Enactment
5 PolicyImplementa$on IdenGfyneedsforimplementaGonanddelivertechnicalassistanceforreinvestmentstrategies
6 MonitorKeyMeasures Monitortheimpactofenactedpoliciesandprograms,adjustimplementaGonplanasneeded
II.Post-Enactment
FouraspectsofjusGcereinvestmentthathelptacklecriminaljusGcesystemchallenges
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 8 Source:*PewCharitableTrusts,“Bipar(sanSupportforJus(ceReinvestmentLegisla(on,”June17,2015,h7p://www.pewtrusts.org/en/mul(media/data-visualiza(ons/2015/bipar(san-support-for-jus(ce-reinvestment-legisla(on.
Largebipar$sanmajori$esleadlegisla$veapproval
In30states,jusGcereinvestmentreformshavereceivedmorethan5,700“aye”votesinstatelegislatures,comparedwithfewerthan500“no”votes.*
Intensivedataanalysishelpsuncoverpreviouslyunexploredchallenges
Nebraskadiscoveredaprison“revolvingdoor”ofpeopleconvictedoflow-leveloffenses,mostlyforoffensesnotincludingviolence,servingshortsentencesbeforereturningtothecommunity.
Stakeholderinputcri$caltodefiningthechallengeandreachingconsensussolu$on
InWestVirginia,prosecutors,judges,andlawenforcementchampionedareinvestmentpackagethathasledto$9Mover3yearsinexpandedcommunity-basedsubstanceusetreatment.
Sustainedstateleadershipthroughimplementa$on
Pennsylvania’scorrecGonsandparoleagenciesmaximizedimpacts,generaGngmillionsofaddiGonalsavingsforreinvestmentinvicGmservices,probaGon,andlawenforcement.
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NorthDakotaJusGceReinvestmentTimeline
PressConference&ProjectLaunch
Mee$ng1IniGalAnalysis
ImpactAnalysisIniGalAnalysis DetailedDataAnalysis
Mee$ng2April20
InterimReport
FinalReport
StakeholderEngagement
Policymaker&StakeholderEngagement,BriefingsPolicyDevelopment
OngoingEngagement
…
DataAnalysis
Mee$ng3June7
InterimReport
Mee$ng4TBD
FinalAnalysis
Mee$ng6TBD
PolicyOpGonsDiscussed
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Jan2017
Mee$ng7TBD
PolicyOpGonsDiscussed
Legisla$onPre-Filed
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|9
JusGcereinvestmentinvolvesreviewingtheenGresystemtoidenGfyopportuniGestoreducepressureandincreasepublicsafety
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|10
TOPICOFANALYSIS WHENANALYSISWILLBECOVERED
Sentencingpolicy April
SentencingpracGces April
Statutereview April
ProbaGon June7
Prison June7
Recidivism/outcomes June7
Parole June/July
Front-endpressures July
CountyJails July
Pretrialprocesses(pretrialrelease,lengthofstay,bail,etc.) July
CSGJusGceCenterstaffarepursuingregionalperspecGvesinstakeholderengagement,reflecGngthestate’ssizeanddiversity
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|11
Proba$on&ParoleOfficer
Survey
Probation and parole officers (hereinafter referred to as probation officers) across the state participated in an online CSG Justice Center staff survey. 71 percent of probation officers responded, and their input is included in today’s presentation.
87CALLS&MEETINGS
10ON-SITEVISITS
8DIFFERENTREGIONS
SINCEFALL2015
Stakeholderinputinformsthedataanalysispresentedtoday
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|12
CourtsMeeGngs/callswithindividualjudges,stateaYorneys,andtheAYorneyGeneral’sOffice;administraGonofajudicialsurvey;andcourtobservaGons
BehavioralHealthDHS,RegionalHumanServicesCenters,RuthMeiersHospitalityCenter,ADAPTInc.,HeartviewFoundaGon,HeartRiverAlcoholandDrugAbuseServices,NaGveAmericanResourceCenter,andChoiceRecoveryCounseling
LawEnforcementBurleigh,Ward,andCassCountyPoliceDepartment;BismarckandMinotPoliceDepartment;StarkandWilliams CountySheriff’sOffice;SouthwestMulGCorrecGonCenter;andpresentedatthe joint Chiefs and Sheriffs Associations meeting
NorthDakotaLegislatureMeeGngswithSenatorsandHouseRepresentaGves
Correc$onsMeeGngswithDOCRstaff,CentreInc.,andtheDakotaWomen'sCorrecGonalRehabCenter;probaGonofficerssurvey;andobservaGonofprobaGonreporGngsessions
Community and Tribal Organizations NDACo, Indian Affairs Commission, Three Affiliated Tribes, CAWS North Dakota, North Dakota Council on Abused Women Services Coalition, and North Dakota Board of Addiction Counseling Services
Incarcera$onIssuesCommiReeIndividualmeeGngs/callswithworkinggroupmembersandtheirstaff
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Overview
01 ReviewofBig-PictureTrends
02 ProjectUpdate
03 ExampleofJusGceReinvestmentinAcGon
*The2006-2013(meframeisthemostrecentdataavailableforna(onaldatacomparisonsonjailpopula(ons.Source:U.S.DepartmentofJus(ce,BureauofJus(ceSta(s(cs(BJS)CensusofJails:Popula(onChanges,1999-2013(WashingtonDC:BJA,2015).ExcludestheunifiedjailandprisonsystemsinAlaska,Connec(cut,Delaware,RhodeIsland,HawaiiandVermont.BJS,“Correc(onalSta(s(calAnalysisTool(2005–2014),”retrievedonJanuary21,2016,fromh7p://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=nps.
NorthDakota’sjailandprisonpopulaGonsaregrowingfasterthannearlyeveryotherstate
TheNorthDakotaprisonpopulaGonwastheFOURTHHIGHESTpercentincreaseinthecountrybetween2005and2014
SignificantGrowthinJailPopula$onStableJailPopula$on
TheNorthDakotajailpopulaGonwastheTHIRDHIGHESTpercentincreaseinthecountrybetween2006and2013
SignificantGrowthinJailPopula$onStablePrisonPopula$on
32%
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 14
83%
DOCRone-dayinmatepopula(onsnapshotsfor2005–2007areasofJanuary1ofeachfiscalyear.DOCRone-dayinmatepopula(onsnapshotsfor2008–2015andone-dayinmatepopula(onprojec(onsfor2016–2025areasofthelastdayofeachfiscalyear(June30).Source:EmailcorrespondencebetweenCSGJus(ceCenterandDOCR,2015and2016.
1,329
1,751
3,061
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
ActualOne-DayCount ProjectedOne-DayCount PrisonCapacity
DOCRHistoricalandProjectedOne-DayInmateCounts,2005–2025
CurrentPrisonCapacity1,479Beds
ActualPrisonPopulaGon
+32%
ProjectedGrowth+75%
Thestate’scorrecGonalsystemisatcapacityandisforecastedtogrowsignificantlyoverthenextdecade
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|15
*Budgeted,notspentfor2016and2017.Biennialbudgetsrunonatwo-yearcycle.Budgetinforma(oncitedhereisfromJuly1,2003toJune30,2005andthemostrecentrunningfromJuly1,2013toJune30,2015.Source:DOCR,BiennialReport2003–2005.(Bismarck:DOCR,2005);DOCR,BiennialReport2013–2015.ActualGeneralFundappropria(onswere$83,458,031for2005and$178,475,785for2015.
GeneralFundCorrecGonsAppropriaGons(inmillions),FY2007–2017
64%
CorrecGonsSpendingIncrease,FY07–09toFY15–17
WithoutacGon,publicsafetydollarswillbeconsumedtryingtokeepupwithgrowthratherthaninvesGngincrimeandrecidivism-reducGonstrategies
TheFY2009–11statebudgetprovided$64million($22.5millionfromtheGeneralFund)forconstrucGonandrenovaGonattheNorthDakotaStatePenitenGary.
DOCRalsoreceivesspecialfundingallocaGons.
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|16
$131$144
$160$181
$215*
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
FY07–09 FY09–11 FY11–13 FY13–15 FY15–17
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Overview
01 ReviewofBig-PictureTrends
02 ProjectUpdate
03 ExampleofJusGceReinvestmentinAcGon
DefiniGonsofoffensecategoriesusedinthisanalysis
Source:Administra(veOfficeoftheCourtsfilingoffensedata
DrivingUndertheInfluence• DrivingUndertheInfluence• DrivingUndertheInfluenceResulGng
inInjuryorDeath• OperaGngaBoat/WatercratUnder
theInfluence
Person• AggravatedAssault• Robbery• Homicide• Manslaughter• Assault• Kidnapping• DomesGcViolence• ChildAbuse• SexualAssault
Property• ThetofProperty/
Service• InsufficientFunds• PossessionofStolen
Property• Burglary• CriminalMischief• Forgery/fraud• MotorVehicleThet
Drug• Possession• DistribuGon(includes
possessionwithintenttodistribute)
• Manufacturing• Drugparaphernalia• ForgedprescripGon• Controlledsubstance
atschool
DrivingwithSuspendedLicense• DrivingwhileLicenseSuspended• DrivingaterLicenseRevoked• DrivinginViolaGonofLicense
RestricGon• DrivingwithoutaValidLicense
Other• Disorderlyconduct• CriminalTrespass• ResisGng/Evading
Arrest• RecklessDriving• LeavingtheSceneof
anAccident• Minorinpossession
ofalcohol• ContribuGngtothe
delinquencyofaminor
• DrivingwithoutInsurance/RegistraGon
• Crueltytoanimals• HunGngoffenses
Note:Viola(onsofsexoffenderregistra(onwerecategorizedas“Person”offenses,andaccountedforlessthanonepercentofalloffensessentenced.
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 18
OffenseclassessetthemaximumconfinementandprobaGonlengthsaswellasfines
CLASS MAXCONFINEMENT MAXPROBATIONTERM MAXFINE EXAMPLEOFFENSES
InfracGon N/A N/A $1,000 Saleoftobaccotominors
MisdemeanorB
30days
360days
$1,500
DUI,disorderlyconduct,prosGtuGon
MisdemeanorA
1year
2years
$3,000IngesGngacontrolled
substance,larceny(under$1,000)
FelonyC
5years
3years;5yearsforcertain
offenses/offenders
$10,000
Thet,failuretoappear,PossessionofaControlledSubstanceOtherthanMarijuana(firstoffense)
FelonyB
10years
3years;5yearsforcertainoffenses/offenders
$20,000Manslaughter,aggravated
assault(aggravatedcircumstances)
FelonyA
20years
3years;5yearsforcertainoffenses/offenders
$20,000Robberywithadangerous
weapon,humantraffickingofsomeoneover18
FelonyAA
Life(withor
withoutparole)
Notspecified
$20,000
Murder;GrosssexualimposiGon;Humantraffickingofsomeoneundertheageof
18
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|19
777
474
1,175
230
228
440
217
298
599590
464
729
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Felonysentenceeventsfordrugoffensesincreased2.5Gmesbetween2011and2014
Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtssentencingdata
FelonySentenceEventsbyOffenseType,FY2006–FY2014
Theoffenseshownhererepresentstheoffenseassociatedwiththemostseveresentencewithinasentenceevent.
*”Other”felonyoffensesinclude:DUI,CriminalTrespass,RecklessEndangerment,Terroris(cThreat,Weaponoffenses,andotheroffensesthatdidnotfitintotheabovecategories.
TypeofOffense
2006–2011Difference
2011–2014Difference
2006–2014Difference
Property –21% 57% 91%
Drug –39% 148% 51%
Person 37% 101% 176%
Other –1% 93% 24%
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|20
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Thenumberofsentenceeventsclimbed23percent,withlargerincreasescomingfromthewesternpartofthestate
Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtssentencingdata
ChangeinTotalSentenceEventsbyJudicialDistrict,FY2006–FY2014
+83%NORTHWEST
+106%SOUTHWEST
+79%NORTHCENTRAL
+4%NORTHEAST
+29%SOUTHCENTRAL
-10%SOUTHEAST
-16%NORTHEASTCENTRAL
-5%EASTCENTRAL
*Between1and3%ofsentenceeventsaremissingjudgeordistrictinforma(onineachfiscalyear
+23%STATETOTAL
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|21
Shareofsentenceeventsislargelysplitbetweenthewesternandeasternjudicialdistricts
PowerPointToolkit:PleasefindbelowtheelementsmostlyusedinJRPPTthatispre-formaYedwithsuggestedspecificaGonsoflinethickness,colorcombinaGons,etc.TocutformawngGme,simplycopy,pasteadjustthetextorshapebelowtotheslidedecktothelet.
SuggestedColors:Thesesuggestedcolorsandtheirtones/huesarecomplimentarytotheJusGceCentercolorsofblueandgoldthatarealsogoodcontrasttocatertoanindividual’sabilitytoprocessdifferentcolors.
Black
Charcoal
Gold
Azul
Slate
Rose
Shapes
Square/Rectangle
Circles/Ovals
Arrows
Text(FontArial)
SlideHeader/TitlewithKeyWordHighlight(22pt)Subheaders/TextCalloutsareflexiblebysizeandcolor.SubheaderGoldSubheaderAzulSubheaderSlateSubheaderRoseBodyTextisaflexiblebysizebutshouldbesmallerthanthesubheader.BodyTextBlackBodyTextCharcoalSourceText’ssizeis8ptwithaLightCharcoalcoloranditalicized.
Lines
ShareofTotalSentenceEventsbyJudicialDistrict,FY2014
13%(2,387EVENTS)NORTHWEST
8%(1,441EVENTS)SOUTHWEST
13%(2,216EVENTS)NORTHCENTRAL
11%(1,915EVENTS)NORTHEAST
20%(3,617EVENTS)SOUTHCENTRAL 10%
(1,762EVENTS)SOUTHEAST
9%(1,555EVENTS)
NORTHEASTCENTRAL
14%(2,561EVENTS)EASTCENTRAL
*2%ofsentenceeventsweremissingjudgeordistrictinforma(oninfiscalyear2014
17,788STATETOTAL
Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata Council of State Governments Justice Center |
22
5%
19%
16%
60%
ProbaGon
In2014,76percentoffelonysentenceeventsaretoincarceraGon(jailorprison)
Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata
“Notspecified"sentencesarecaseswithasentencetypeentered,butnootherinforma(onindica(veofconfinement,supervision,orsentencelengthisprovided.Lessthanonepercentoffelonyconvic(onswereforconfinementtoafacilitynotoperatedbyDOCRorlocaljail.
StraightPrison(876)
ParGallySuspendedPrison(900)
StraightJail(247)ParGallySuspendedJail(217)
1,776
464
557
146
Prison
51%
49%
52%48%Jail
Unspecified
FelonySentenceEvents,FY2014N=2,943
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 23
DrugoffensesmakeupalargershareoffelonysentenceeventsinNorthDakotathanotherstates,andasmallerproporGonofdrugsentenceeventsaretoprobaGon
35%15% 20% 19% 15%
17%
24%
18%18% 19% 20%
26%
50% 39%
69%*
28% 27% 25%
22% 26% 28% 31% 33% 35% 40%
Nebraska Michigan N.Carolina
Kansas US Idaho N.Dakota
Other Person Property Drug
77%
67%
62%
33%
27%
20%
18%
61%
27%
21%
23%
33%
15%
33%
11%
43%
56%
23%
9%
5%
N.Carolina
Kansas
Idaho
U.S.
Michigan
Nebraska
N.Dakota
ProbaGon Jail Prison Other
FelonySentenceEventsbyOffenseCategoryFelonyDrugSentenceEventsbyTypeof
DisposiGon
Source:Statewidesentences—NebraskaJUSTICEsentencingdata,FY2013;OfficeofCommunityAlterna(ves,MIDept.ofCorrec(ons,November2012;NCSentencingandPolicyAdvisoryCommission;FY2014;KSFelonySentencingData;StructuredSentencingSta(s(calReportFY2014;BJSFelonySentencesinStateCourts,2006–Sta(s(calTables;IDOCadmissionsandreleasedata,FY2012;CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata
Kansas’ssentencingdatacategorizespersonandpropertyintothesamecategory(“non-drug”).
1%
31% 4%
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|24
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NorthDakotasentencesasmallerproporGonoffelonysentenceeventstoprobaGonthanthenaGonalaverageandmostjusGcereinvestmentstates
Source:StatewideDisposi(ons–FiscalYear2012,OfficeofCommunityAlterna(ves,MIDept.ofCorrec(ons,November2012;KSFelonySentencingData;StructuredSentencingSta(s(calReportFY2011/12,NCSentencingandPolicyAdvisoryCommission;BJSFelonySentencesinStateCourts,2006–Sta(s(calTables;NebraskaJUSTICEsentencingdata;CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata
Michigan Na$onal KansasNorthCarolinaNebraska IdahoNorth
Dakota
Graybarsindicate“Other”
Washington
Proba$on
22%
Prison/Jail74%
Prison52%Jail22%
Proba$on
19%
Prison/Jail76%
Prison60%Jail16%
Proba$on
23%
Prison/Jail76%
Prison21%Jail55%
Proba$on
27%
Prison/Jail69%
Prison41%Jail28%
Proba$on
34%
Prison/Jail66%
Prison42%Jail24%
Proba$on
58%
Prison/Jail42%
Prison42%
Proba$on
69%
Prison/Jail31%
Prison24%Jail7%
Prison/Jail88%
Prison39%Jail49%
Proba$on
10%
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 25
ClassCoffensesaccountforfouroutoffivefelonysentenceevents,withslightvariaGonacrossthejudicialdistricts
Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtsFY2014sentencingdata
FelonySentenceEventsbyJudicialDistrict,FY2014
84% 83% 77% 83%91%
77%86% 84%
9% 10% 15% 9%4%
16%9% 10%
7% 6% 7% 7% 3% 6% 3% 4%0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
SWDistrict
SCDistrict
SEDistrict
ECDistrict
NECDistrict
NEDistrict
NCDistrict
NWDistrict
FelonyClass Number
PercentTotal
AA 37 1%
A 163 6%
B 297 10%
C 2,446 83%
Total 2,943 100%
FelonySentenceEventStateTotals,FY2014
FelonyCFelonyBFelonyAFelonyAA
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|26
76percentofClassCsentenceeventsweretoincarceraGonineitherjailorprison
Source:CSGJus(ceCenteranalysisofAdministra(veOfficeoftheCourtssentencingdata
FelonyCSentenceEventsbyType,FY2014N=2,446
59% 17% 18% 5%
Prison Jail Proba$on Other*
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|27
54%
46%
JAILStraightSentence
JAILParGally
Suspended
41%
14%
6%
39%
Prison,Fully
Suspended
Jail,Fully
Suspended
StraightProbaGon
DeferredImposiGon
4%
95%
1%
Other,Confinement
Other,No
InformaGon
OtherSuspendedSentence
50%
50%
PRISONStraightSentence
PRISONParGally
Suspended
Shapes
Square/Rectangle
Circles/Ovals
Arrows
Lines
AcommonthemeamongstakeholderswasconcernregardingalackoftreatmentopGonstoaddressmentalhealthandsubstanceuseneeds
Concernsheardacrossthecriminaljus$cesystem:
RuralcommuniGesreportedalackoflocalhealthcareservices
Someprofessionalsreportedthatservicesweregenerallyavailable,butthatjusGcesystemindividualscouldnotaccessthem
LongwaitGmestoaccessserviceswerereportedinseveraljurisdicGons
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|28
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Amajorityofjudgeshavesentencedindividualstoprisoninordertoconnectthemwithmentalhealthoralcoholanddrugprogramming
Haveyoueversentencedsomeonetoprisoninordertoconnecthim/herwithneededmental
health,alcoholordrugaddicGonprogramming,orothertreatmentevenwhenhe/sheisnot
consideredhighrisk?
JudgesnotedthatthesesentencesarereservedforspecificinstanceswithextenuaGngcircumstances,suchas:
YES70%
NO30%
§ Inadequateservicesinthelocalarea
§ Community-baseddrugoralcoholtreatmentprogramshavefailedorbeenexhausted
§ Defendanthasnoabilitytopayfortreatment
Source:2014CSGJus(ceCenterNorthDakotaJudicialSurvey CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|29
Judgesseemedmoreconfidentthatsubstanceusetreatmentisavailablethanmentalhealthtreatment,andthattreatmentwasmostavailableinstateprison
PercentageofJudgesRespondingthatTreatmentIsOtenAvailableasComparedtoAlways,SomeGmes,orNever
Source:2014CSGJus(ceCenterNorthDakotaJudicialSurvey
Inprison ParoleorprobaGoninthecommunity
InpaGenttreatmentonparoleorprobaGon
MentalHealthTreatment SubstanceUseTreatment
53%
31%
44% 45%
19%
31%
• Credibletreatment
• InpaGentandoutpaGentdrugandalcoholtreatment
• HOPEprobaGonprogram
• Half-wayhouses
• AddiGonalSCRAMbracelets
• Mandatorytreatmentprovidedaspartofsentence
Judgesiden$fiedthefollowingasneededcriminaljus$ceresources:
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|30
ChallengesidenGfiedbysentencinganalysis
Felonysentenceeventsdoubledbetween2011and2014,primarilyduetodrugoffensesThree-quartersoflowest-levelfelonysentenceevents(ClassC)weretoincarceraGonNorth Dakota sentences a smaller proportion of felony sentence events to probation than many other states
v
v
v
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|31
ChallengesidenGfiedbytenyearreview
NorthDakota’sjailandprisonpopulaGonsareexperiencingsomeofthelargestratesofgrowthinthecountryThestate’scorrecGonalsystemisovercapacityandhassignificantgrowthforecastedoverthenextdecadeWithoutacGon,publicsafetydollarswillbeconsumedtryingtokeepupwithgrowthratherthaninvestedincrimeandrecidivismreducGonstrategies
v
v
v
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Currentcontractbeds(530)carriedforwardthrough2025$220M
PopulaGongrowth(1,310)carriedthrough2025 $265M
Ten-yearcostofrelyingoncontractedcapacitytoaccommodate
projectedprisongrowth
TotalEs$matedCostofAccommoda$ngPrisonGrowthThroughContractBeds
$485M
+
=
dailyratees(mateis$114/day
NorthDakota’scriminaljusGcesystemposessignificantfinancialchallengesunlesspolicyacGonistaken
1,3291,751
3,061
1,515
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
2025
ActualOne-DayCount ProjectedOne-DayCount
EXISTINGCAPACITY
HISTORICALANDPROJECTEDONE-DAYTOTALINMATECOUNTS,FY2005-2025
BuildingaNEWSTATEPRISONwouldaddcostsabovethecontractbeds
OUT-OF-STATECONTRACTBEDSlikelywouldbeneeded,possiblyincreasingcollateralcosts
ContractbedswithinthestateofNorthDakotaareNOTADEQUATELYEQUIPPEDtohandleinmates’specialneeds
Source:DOCRemails(2015-17contractfacilitybudgetinforma(onandDOCRfacilitycost-per-dayfigures);DOCRhousingdata;DOCRinmateprojec(ons;“LockingUpNorthDakota,”DOCR2015.
OpportuniGesforNorthDakotatoaddressthesechallenges
AvertsignificantincreasesincorrecGonsspendingbyprioriGzingincarceraGonforhighest-riskpeopleconvictedofthemostseriousoffensesLowerrecidivismbyfocusingeffecGvesupervisionplustreatmentonhigher-riskprobaGonersandparoleesIncreasestakeholderconfidencebyimprovingcommunity-basedtreatmentcapacity
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CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|34
Overview
01 ReviewofBig-PictureTrends
02 ProjectUpdate
03 ExampleofJusGceReinvestmentinAcGon
TransformingprobaGonsupervision
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|36
53%ofprisonadmissions
areproba$onrevoca$ons
SupervisionviolaGonhearingsareGme-consuming,frequentlydelayed,andotenresultinreinstatementonsupervision
75%ofrevocaGons
areforcondi$onviola$ons
(druguse,absconding)
Policydesignedto:
• ReduceviolaGonhearings• ReduceGmeincourt• ReducejailGmespentawaiGng
hearings
AdministraGveJailSancGons
2-3daysancGon
“quickdip”
TailoredPrisonSancGons
90daysancGon“CRV”
&PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE
TherearefewmeaningfulgraduatedsancGonsforminorcondiGonviolaGons
4/20/16
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ReinvenGnghowtreatmentisfundedanddelivered
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|37
PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE
FundingbyanoutdatedformulaandresourcesspreadthinlyacrossenGrepopulaGoninsteadofbeingtargetedtowardthosewiththegreatestneedfortreatment
50%ofprobaGonersneedsubstanceuseormentalhealth
services,butonly
25%receivedservices
Focustreatmentresourcesonhigh-riskindividualsUsecogniGvebehavioralapproachfocusingonchangingthecharacterisGcsassociatedwithrecidivism
53%ofprisonadmissions
areproba$onrevoca$ons
Cratingawin-winforcounGesandthestate
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|38
PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE53%ofprisonadmissions
areproba$onrevoca$ons
MisdemeanorOffenders
1/4ofprisonadmissions
weremisdemeanoroffenders
3monthsaverage
lengthofstay
Misdemeanoroffendersweredifficulttodealwithefficientlyinprisonsdesignedformoreseriousfelonswithlongersentences
Policyallowsmisdemeanoroffendersincountyjailswith:
• Sheriffapproval• Bedspacecapacity• Reimbursementfromnew
statefund,supportedbyfees
StatewideMisdemeanorConfinementProgram
$560m
averted costs and savings by FY2017
10
prisons closed since 2011
175
new probation officers in FY2014 and FY2015
11% drop in crime between
2011-2013
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2005 Actual Prison Population 36,663
Prison Population at JRA Passing June 2011
41,030
8% drop in prison population 50% drop in revocations 41% drop in releases without supervision
Baseline Projected Prison Population
43,220
JRA Projected Prison Population
38,264
KeypublicsafetyandcorrecGonstrendssincejusGcereinvestmentlegislaGonwasenacted
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter 39
June 30, 2014 Actual Prison Population 37,665
CSGhelpsstatescratreinvestmentstrategiesthatareresponsivetolocalizedneedsandprioriGes
Reinvestedinfirsttwoyearsinsubstanceusetreatmentfor
supervisionpopulaGonUp-frontinvestment
MaximizeimpactofexisGnginvestments
ReallocatedexisGngbehavioralhealthresourcesbasedonevidence-basedpracGces
STATE APPROACH POLICY
RequirereinvestmentinstatuteoverGme
Createdfour-yearreinvestmentscheduletosupportlaw
enforcement,vicGmservices,andriskassessment
CreateincenGveforaddiGonalreinvestmentbasedonperformance
CounGesthatreducedprobaGonrevocaGonseligible
forincenGvefunding
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter
WestVirginia
NorthCarolina
Pennsylvania
OhioCouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|40
4/20/16
11
NorthDakotaJusGceReinvestmentTimeline
PressConference&ProjectLaunch
Mee$ng1IniGalAnalysis
ImpactAnalysisIniGalAnalysis DetailedDataAnalysis
Mee$ng2April20
InterimReport
FinalReport
StakeholderEngagement
Policymaker&StakeholderEngagement,BriefingsPolicyDevelopment
OngoingEngagement
…
DataAnalysis
Mee$ng3June7
InterimReport
Mee$ng4TBD
FinalAnalysis
Mee$ng6TBD
PolicyOpGonsDiscussed
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Jan2017
Mee$ng7TBD
PolicyOpGonsDiscussed
Legisla$onPre-Filed
CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenter|41
MichelleRodriguez,ProgramAssociatemrodriguez@csg.orgReceivemonthlyupdatesaboutjusGcereinvestmentstatesacrossthecountryaswellasotherCSGJusGceCenterPrograms.Signupat:CSGJUSTICECENTER.ORG/SUBSCRIBEThismaterialwaspreparedfortheStateofNorthDakota.ThepresentaGonwasdevelopedbymembersofTheCouncilofStateGovernmentsJusGceCenterstaff.BecausepresentaGonsarenotsubjecttothesamerigorousreviewprocessasotherprintedmaterials,thestatementsmadereflecttheviewsoftheauthors,andshouldnotbeconsideredtheofficialposiGonoftheJusGceCenter,themembersofTheCouncilofStateGovernments,orthefundingagenciessupporGngthework.
ThankYou