Joy Kirchner

Auburn University Libraries

May 8, 2015

UNDERSTANDING SCHOLARLY

COMMUNICATIONFRAMING THE ISSUES

ACRL Scholarly Communication Roadshow:

From Understanding to Engagement

DEFINING SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION

Scholarly communications is the process by which scholarship is produced, supported, managed, and communicated, and includes all those involved in supporting the l ife-cycle of scholarship.

- J oy K i rchne r , Un ive r s i t y o f B r i t i sh Co lumbia

The processes through which research and other scholarly writings are created, evaluated for quality, disseminated to the scholarly community, and preserved for future use.

- A s s o c i a t i o n f o r Re s e a rc h L i b r a r i e s

Incorporates and expands on the more familiar concept of scholarly publishing and includes both informal and formal networks used by scholars to develop ideas, exchange information, build and mine data, certify research, publish fi ndings, disseminate results, and preserve outputs. This vast and changing system is central to the academic enterprise.

– Lee Van Orsde l , Dean o f L ib ra r ies , Grand Va l ley S ta te Un ive r s i ty

Publishing, communication, and information exchange are all undergoing rapid change, at a time when innovative scholarship is opening up many new fi elds of study and techniques of inquiry.

– Un ive r s i ty o f M innesota L ib rar ies

Create

Share

Find and

consume

Idea is born

Research

SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

PARTICIPANTS

IP/legal system

publishing industryscholarly societies

faculty rewards system (p&t)

Internet culture

disciplinary practice

higher education

research industry

funders

SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION: A SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS

PARTICIPANTS

researchersauthors

administratorsstudentseditors

peer reviewersand…

others?LIBRARIES

formulation

registration

certificationdissemination

preservation

LIFECYCLE OF SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING

Function Old System New System

Formulation Alone or in laboratory with graduate students and colleagues

And…With colleagues all over the web

Registration Journal submissionBook publicationConference presentationWorking paper / Technical Report

And…BlogsDisciplinary repositoriesOpen notebooks

Certification Publishers through peer reviewUniversities indirectly through promotion and tenure

And…Accuracy/good science review (PloS One)Open peer review

Dissemination LibrariesPublishers – journals and

monographsScholarly societies through

publications & conferencesAbstract and Indexing Services

And…BlogsRepositoriesGoogle et al.Funding agency mandates

Archiving Libraries And…Collaborations: Portico & HathiTrustRepositoriesPublishers

PRESSURES

political/policy

economic

socialtechnologi

cal

SOCIAL

Márcio Duarte, from The Noun Project (CC-BY 3.0)

SOCIAL

I n te rne t , by OCHA AVMU, CC -0

Ce l l Phone S igna l , Sagar Shas t ry, f rom The Noun P ro jec t (CC -BY 3 .0 )

Tab le t , Lu i s P rado f rom The Noun P ro jec t (CC -BY 3 .0 )

TECHNOLOGICAL

TECHNOLOGICAL

Octocat by GitHub

POLITICAL

Congress, Jonathan Higley from The Noun Project (CC-BY 3.0)

POLITICAL/POLICY

• CIHR• NSERC• SSHRC

• Wellcome Trust

• Finch report

• RCUK

• NIH• NSF• OSTP &

FASTR• State bills

Drag picture to placeholder or click icon to add

ECONOMIC

Money, Lemon Liu, from The Noun Project (CC-BY 3.0)

decreasing budgets

rising costs

ECONOMIC

TYPICAL ECONOMY

steelmakerscar

manufacturers

consumers

author publisher library

new knowledgepromotion

tenurereputation

profitsupporting

organizationaccess to

knowledge

access to knowledge

preservationcurriculum

research needs

political/policy

economic

socialtechnologi

cal

OPPORTUNITIES

Open access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.

- Peter Suber

OPEN ACCESS

OPEN ACCESS ARCHIVING

Source: maps.repository66.org

Has taken time for impact factors and reputation to build

Business models still emerging

Article-fee model has better traction in the STM community

Rising of an OA publishing trade organization for legitimate OA publishers (OASPA) and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) that lists journals with acceptable publishing practices

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING

Open to contributions and participation

Open and free to access for all

Open to use & reuse w/few or no restrictions

Open to interoperability & machine readable

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY OPEN?

FROM…

are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. http://www.adobe.com/misc/linking.html#producticons

PARTICIPATEin

BUILDING and

CONTRIBUTE

EXPERTISE

Octocat® is a registered trademark of the GitHub, Inc.

FROM…

©Amanda Munoz, used with permission under CC-BY

OPEN and FREE TO ACCESS

©OpenSourceWay, used with permission under CC BY-SA

FROM…

Drag picture to placeholder or click icon to add

OPEN TO USE and REUSE WITH FEW or NO RESTRICTIONS

FROM…

©Wellcome Images, used with permission under CC BY-NC-ND

OPEN TO USE and REUSE WITH FEW or NO RESTRICTIONS

©OpenSourceWay, used with permission under CC BY-SA

FROM…

©Kevin Harber, used with permission under CC BY-NC-ND

INTEROPERABLEandMACHINE READABLE

©24oranges.nl, used with permission under CC BY-SA

“open” has many flavors

repositories e-journals

working papers data banks

preprints

Open textbooks

OPEN MOVEMENTS

Open accessPublic access

Open sourceOpen educationOpen dataOpen scienceOpen booksOpen peer review….

Generally enabled by technology

Works both inside and outside of traditional models

Supported by a variety of business models

Democratization of information

COMMONALITIES

OA DEFINITION

Open access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.

Peter Suber

2 PATHS TO OPEN ACCESSMANUSCRIPT ….

Open Access journal( P L O S M e d i c i n e ; B i o m e d c e n t r a l , D O A J )

Open access copy

in onl ine archive

( I n s t i t u t i o n a l r e p o s i t o r i e s ; P u b m e d

C e n t r a l )

Traditional subscription

access journals

Articles can be made OA by publishing in an OA journal or self archiving OA copies from a traditional publication

gol

d

New Models of Scholarship

green

OPENING THE ACADEMY…

©Taki Steve, used with permission under CC BY

Sciences Social Sciences Humanities

SUCCESS STORIES

OPEN EDUCATION/OPEN SCHOLARSHIP (BLENDED FORMS)

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY OPENNESS

Source: NASA

INNOVATIONS IN COMMUNICATION

Source: Screengrabs from PeerJ and PaperCritic

INNOVATIONS IN MEASURING “IMPACT”

Source: Screengrabs from altmetrics.org, impactstory.org, jlsc-pub.org

OPENNESS IN LIBRARIES

OA resolutions & policiesOA resources in our collectionsOA negotiations with publishersCopyright & author rights support servicesOpen Education servicesOpen data servicesInstitutional repositories

Faculty scholarshipETDsDigital collectionsData archiving

LIBRARY PUBLISHING/ DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP CENTERS

• University of Michigan’s Mpublishing

• Amherst College• Library Publishing

Toolkit – SUNY Geneseo• Library Publishing

Coalition• Partnerships with

University Presseshttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/purduepress_ebooks/24/

CONVERGENCE/CAMPUS PARTNERSHIPS

DATA SERVICES

QUESTIONS?

Slide 19: Money, Nathan Thomson, from The Noun Project (CC BY 3.0)

Slide 20: Article, Sébastien Desbenoit, from The Noun Project (CC BY 3.0) Book icon, Eric Vaughn Miller, from the Noun Project (CC BY 3.0) Money, Nathan Thomson, from The Noun Project (CC BY 3.0 )

ATTRIBUTION

Portions of this work were originally created by Lee Van Ordsel and Sarah Shreeves, and was revised by Amy

Buckland and Joy Kirchner in April 2015. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of the

license see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/

A World Café-type exercise

DISCUSSING THE ISSUES

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsalokhe/3727136068/