jeopardy genetics
TRANSCRIPT
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Gregor MendelGregor Mendel
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VocabularyVocabulary
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Garden PeasGarden Peas
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Genetic CrossesGenetic Crosses
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Mendel’s LawsMendel’s Laws
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DominanceDominance
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GregorMendel Vocabulary
Garden Peas
GeneticCrosses
Mendel’sLaws
Dominance
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Took courses in this Took courses in this subject at the University subject at the University
of Vienna that later of Vienna that later helped him with his helped him with his
genetic studiesgenetic studies
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What is mathematics What is mathematics or statistics?or statistics?
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Mendel did research on Mendel did research on this --- the transmission this --- the transmission of characteristics from of characteristics from
parent to offspringparent to offspring
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What is heredity?What is heredity?
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Number of traits Number of traits Mendel observed in Mendel observed in his study with pea his study with pea
plantsplants
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What is Seven?What is Seven?
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Mendel used this to Mendel used this to transfer pollen from transfer pollen from the anther to the the anther to the stigmastigma of flowersof flowers
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What is a small What is a small paint brush?paint brush?
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Mendel was able to Mendel was able to document the traits document the traits
of each pea of each pea generation by generation by controlling thiscontrolling this
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What is pollination?What is pollination?
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Two forms of a Two forms of a GeneGene
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What are alleles?What are alleles?
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Genotype referred Genotype referred to as being “Pure”to as being “Pure”
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What is What is homozygous?homozygous?
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Heterozygous Heterozygous genotypes are also genotypes are also
called thiscalled this
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What are hybrids?What are hybrids?
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Two forms that a Two forms that a gene or allele may gene or allele may
taketake
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What are dominant What are dominant or recessive?or recessive?
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Mendel stated that Mendel stated that physical traits were physical traits were inherited as theseinherited as these
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What are What are “particles” or “particles” or “factors”?“factors”?
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Pure parent pea plants Pure parent pea plants are obtained by doing are obtained by doing
thisthis
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What is allow to What is allow to self-pollinate?self-pollinate?
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Recessive seed shape Recessive seed shape in Mendel’s peasin Mendel’s peas
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What is wrinkled?What is wrinkled?
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Flower part that Flower part that produces pollenproduces pollen
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What is the What is the stamen?stamen?
OrOrWhat are the What are the
anthers?anthers?
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Mendel was able to Mendel was able to cross 2 hybrids by cross 2 hybrids by
doing thisdoing this
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What is transfer What is transfer pollen himself or pollen himself or cross-pollinate?cross-pollinate?
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The phenotypic ratio The phenotypic ratio that resulted from that resulted from
the self-pollination of the self-pollination of the Fthe F11 generation generation (Hint: F (Hint: F1 1 xx FF11
Monohybrid Cross)Monohybrid Cross)
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What is 3:1?What is 3:1?
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Cross involving 2 Cross involving 2 traitstraits
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What is dihybrid?What is dihybrid?
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Used to solve Used to solve genetic crossesgenetic crosses
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What is a Punnett What is a Punnett Square?Square?
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Percentage of tall pea Percentage of tall pea plants resulting from plants resulting from the self-pollination of the self-pollination of
the Fthe F11 generation generation (Hint: F (Hint: F1 1 xx FF11
Monohybrid Cross)Monohybrid Cross)
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What is 75%?What is 75%?
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The crossing of an The crossing of an individual of unknown individual of unknown
genotype with a genotype with a homozygous recessive homozygous recessive individual to determine individual to determine the unknown genotypethe unknown genotype
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What is a What is a testcross?testcross?
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Genotypic ratio for Genotypic ratio for the following cross the following cross (round seeds are (round seeds are dominant over dominant over
wrinkled seeds):wrinkled seeds):Rr x rrRr x rr
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What is 1:1?What is 1:1?
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Number of Number of Parental traits Parental traits
that fail to appear that fail to appear in Mendel’s Fin Mendel’s F11 pea pea
plantsplants
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What is one?What is one?
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Trait that appeared in Trait that appeared in the Fthe F11 generation was generation was
controlled by this controlled by this factor or allelefactor or allele
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What is dominant?What is dominant?
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Separation of factors Separation of factors or alleles during the or alleles during the formation of gametesformation of gametes
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What is the Law of What is the Law of Segregation?Segregation?
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Dihybrid Crosses Dihybrid Crosses showed that alleles showed that alleles
aren’t connected when aren’t connected when being distributed to being distributed to
gametesgametes(Hint: one of Mendel’s (Hint: one of Mendel’s
Laws)Laws)
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What is the Law of What is the Law of Independent Independent Assortment?Assortment?
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Number of possible Number of possible allele combinations in allele combinations in
the gametes of a the gametes of a garden pea plant with garden pea plant with the genotype RrYy the genotype RrYy
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What is four?What is four?
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Letter used to Letter used to represent an allele represent an allele that masks another that masks another
alleleallele
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What is a Capital What is a Capital Letter?Letter?
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States that recessive States that recessive trait alleles have no trait alleles have no effect on phenotype effect on phenotype when paired with a when paired with a
dominant trait alleledominant trait allele
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What is the Law of What is the Law of Dominance?Dominance?
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Gives hybrids an Gives hybrids an appearance in between appearance in between the phenotypes of the the phenotypes of the
two parentstwo parents
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What is Incomplete What is Incomplete Dominance?Dominance?
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Type of inheritance Type of inheritance in which both alleles in which both alleles for a gene are fully for a gene are fully
expressed in a expressed in a heterozygous heterozygous
individualindividual
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What is What is Codominance?Codominance?
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Type of dominance Type of dominance shown in Mendel’s pea shown in Mendel’s pea
plant crossesplant crosses
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What is Complete What is Complete Dominance?Dominance?
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Genetic RatiosGenetic Ratios
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Genetic Genetic DisordersDisorders
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GenesGenes
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Sex-LinkedSex-Linked
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MutationsMutations
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Human Human GeneticsGenetics
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Genetic Ratios
Genetic Disorders
Genes Sex-linked
Mutations Human Genetics
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PP11 Monohybrid Monohybrid genotypic ratiogenotypic ratio
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What is All Alike?What is All Alike?
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FF11 Monohybrid Monohybrid genotypic ratiogenotypic ratio
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What is 1:2:1?What is 1:2:1?
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FF22 Monohybrid Monohybrid genotypic ratiogenotypic ratio
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What is 1:1?What is 1:1?
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FF11 Dihybrid Phenotypic Dihybrid Phenotypic ratioratio
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What is 9:3:3:1?What is 9:3:3:1?
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Probability of getting Probability of getting hybrids from an Fhybrids from an F11 Monohybrid CrossMonohybrid Cross
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What is 50% or ½?What is 50% or ½?
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Family record showing Family record showing the inheritance of a the inheritance of a trait over several trait over several
generationsgenerations
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What is a pedigree?What is a pedigree?
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Type of mutation that Type of mutation that causes death, often causes death, often
before birthbefore birth
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What is a lethal What is a lethal mutation?mutation?
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Genetic disorder that Genetic disorder that produces a defective produces a defective form of hemoglobinform of hemoglobin
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What is sickle cell What is sickle cell anemia?anemia?
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Chromosome mutation Chromosome mutation resulting in Down resulting in Down
SyndromeSyndrome
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What is What is nondisjunction?nondisjunction?
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Genetic disorder in Genetic disorder in which the body can which the body can not metabolize the not metabolize the
amino acid amino acid phenylalaninephenylalanine
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What is PKU?What is PKU?
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Alternate forms of a Alternate forms of a GeneGene
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What are alleles?What are alleles?
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Genes are carried Genes are carried on theseon these
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What are What are chromosomes?chromosomes?
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Shows the linear Shows the linear sequence of genes on sequence of genes on
a chromosomea chromosome
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What is a What is a chromosome map?chromosome map?
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Gene mutation Gene mutation involving a single involving a single
nucleotidenucleotide
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What is a point What is a point mutation?mutation?
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Genes found on the Genes found on the same chromosome are same chromosome are
said to be thissaid to be this
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What is linked?What is linked?
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Genotype for malesGenotype for males
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What is XY?What is XY?
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Sex chromosome Sex chromosome that carries the that carries the
most genesmost genes
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What is the X What is the X chromosome?chromosome?
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X-linked disease X-linked disease usually in males that usually in males that impairs the ability of impairs the ability of
blood to clotblood to clot
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What is hemophilia?What is hemophilia?
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Females that do not Females that do not express a trait but express a trait but
can pass the trait on can pass the trait on to their offspringto their offspring
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What are carriers?What are carriers?
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The presence of male The presence of male or female hormones or female hormones affects these traitsaffects these traits
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What are sex-What are sex-influenced traits?influenced traits?
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A mutation may take A mutation may take place in any of theseplace in any of these
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What is a cell?What is a cell?
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Mutations that aren’t Mutations that aren’t passed on to offspringpassed on to offspring
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What are somatic What are somatic mutations?mutations?
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Organisms with these Organisms with these have a better chance have a better chance
of reproducingof reproducing
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What is a beneficial What is a beneficial mutation?mutation?
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Loss of a piece of a Loss of a piece of a chromosome due to chromosome due to
chromosomal breakagechromosomal breakage
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What is a deletion?What is a deletion?
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Condition in which a Condition in which a zygote has only 45 zygote has only 45
chromosomeschromosomes
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What is monosomy?What is monosomy?
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Trait controlled by Trait controlled by two or more genes two or more genes such as eye or skin such as eye or skin
colorcolor
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What is a polygenic What is a polygenic trait?trait?
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Genetic disorder Genetic disorder found in European found in European Jews in which the Jews in which the nervous system of nervous system of
infants deterioratesinfants deteriorates
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What is Tay-Sachs What is Tay-Sachs disease?disease?
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Genetic disorder Genetic disorder carried on the X carried on the X
chromosome resulting chromosome resulting in the wasting away of in the wasting away of
musclesmuscles
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What is muscular What is muscular dystrophy?dystrophy?
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XXY chromosomes in XXY chromosomes in a malea male
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What is What is Klinefelter’s Klinefelter’s syndrome?syndrome?
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Screening for this Screening for this disorder is performed disorder is performed
immediately after immediately after birth in the United birth in the United
StatesStates
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What is PKU?What is PKU?
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Final Final JeopardyJeopardy
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This type of dominance This type of dominance occurs when occurs when
heterozygous individuals heterozygous individuals & dominant homozygous & dominant homozygous
individuals are individuals are indistinguishable in indistinguishable in
phenotypephenotype
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What is What is complete complete
dominance?dominance?