us in the early 1800s presidents: jefferson, madison, monroe, jq adams, jackson 3 key non-presidents...
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US in the Early 1800s
•Presidents: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, JQ Adams, Jackson
•3 Key Non-Presidents•Expansion
Thomas Jefferson as President
• Democratic Republican• Former Sec of State,
Writer of Dec of Ind• Overturns Alien and
Sedition• Barbary Pirates War• Louisiana Purchase• Compromises Principles • Marbury v. Madison
Decision
James Madison
• Democratic Republican• Former Speaker of
House, Writer of Constitution
• War of 1812• 2 Causes of War• British Kidnapping sailors• British arming Indians• War is a tie, result is
“status quo antebellum”• “second war for
independence”
James Monroe
• Democratic Republican
• Last of “powdered wigs”
• “Era of Good Feelings”– Panic of 1819
• Monroe Doctrine• Still used today
Candidate Popular vote Electoral Vote
% of Electoral Vote
Jackson 153,544 99 38
Adams 108,740 54 32
Crawford 46,618 41 16
Clay 47,135 37 14
Election of 1824 – Who won?•231 Total Electoral Votes
John Quincy Adams
• Generational shift• Last “notable”• World of Changing
politics– Very dirty campaigns– “Corrupt Bargain”
• Grand Nationalism
Andrew Jackson
Democrat (changing titles)• 1812 General• Increased Power of Prez• Spoils System• Expansion of Democracy • Tariff / Secession
Controversy • Jackson v. The Bank • Indian Removal
Jackson and the Bank• Bank of US orig. by
Hamilton• 2nd B of US up for re-
charter• Jackson opposes b/c is
undemocratic• Vetoes re-charter bill• Pulls Federal funds from
banks • Effectively kills the Bank
of US
Jackson and the Trail of Tears• Cherokee Indians being forced
from US Southeast• Many of Cherokee had
westernized• Petition for relief through courts• Supreme Court rules in favor of
Cherokee• Jackson disregards Court Ruling,
relocates them to Oklahoma– Thousands die en route
Jacksonian Legacy
• Panic of 1837
• Indian Removal Pattern
• Universal white manhood suffrage
• 6 day week, 10 hour day
• Mass campaigning– (Van Buren architect)
• Whig party
• Lasting controversy
3 Key Non-Presidents• Most of 19thC was era of
Congressional Leadership v. Presidential Leadership
• In many ways these 3 were as influential or more than any president
• They represent changing nature of Sectional v. National America + Buildup to Civil War
Daniel Webster
• NH / MA • Supports Manufacture
/ Trade interests• Federalist leanings• Attorney before the
Supreme Court
Henry Clay
• Kentucky• War Hawk• Nationalist• Presidential Ambitions• Speaker / Sec State• “The Great Compromiser” • Adams election
John Calhoun
• South Carolina• War Hawk • Early Nationalist /
Later Sectionalist• Presidential
aspirations • Driver of nullification /
secession talk
Expansion: Key Events
• Treaty of Paris
• Louisiana Purchase
• Annexation of Texas
• Mexican – American War
• Purchase of Alaska
• Spanish American War
The Northwest Territory 1783
• Added at the end of the Revolution
• Land between Applachians and Mississippi R.
• Question: How to make states?
• Question: Slavery or no?
The Louisiana Purchase 1803
• From the French (Napoleon anticipated retaking it later)
• Constitutional crisis for Jefferson
• Land from Miss R. to Rockies (except TX)
• Largely unknown
• Lewis and Clark
• “The west”
Napoleon
Thomas Jefferson
Lewis and Clark
Sacajawea
Texas 1844
• TX declares independence in 1836
• Story of Mexico and Texas
• The Alamo
• Texas independence
• Annexation
The Alamo today
Painting of the Alamo
Mexican War 1846
• Claim annexation of TX is act of war
• US claims border dispute
• One sided war, US victory
• Take land from Rockies west (CA, NV, UT, CO, NM, AZ)
• Tune up for Civil War generals
Issues with Expansion
• Slavery – Expansion, Balance, Power• Indians – What are their rights?• Manifest Destiny – From Sea to shining
sea…• Later additions
– Alaska (purchased) 1867– Hawaii (conquered) 1896– Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico (thru war with
Spain) 1898
The USA today