j. urban, d. murtagh, n. lauti é, m. ekström, p. eriksson …
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Odin/SMR Observations of Water Vapour in the Middle Atmosphere. J. Urban, D. Murtagh, N. Lauti é, M. Ekström, P. Eriksson … Department of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg / Sweden S. Lossow Meteorological Institute Stockholm University / Sweden - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
J. Urban, D. Murtagh, N. LautiJ. Urban, D. Murtagh, N. Lautié, M. Ekström, P. Eriksson …é, M. Ekström, P. Eriksson …
Department of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg / SwedenDepartment of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg / Sweden
S. LossowS. Lossow
Meteorological Institute Stockholm University / SwedenMeteorological Institute Stockholm University / Sweden
Y. Kasai, P. BaronY. Kasai, P. Baron
National Institute for Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo /JapanNational Institute for Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo /Japan
P. Ricaud, E. Le Flochmoën, B. Barret, … P. Ricaud, E. Le Flochmoën, B. Barret, …
Laboratoire d’ALaboratoire d’Aéérologie, Toulouse / Francerologie, Toulouse / France
E. Dupuy, J. de La Noë, …E. Dupuy, J. de La Noë, …
Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l’Univers, L3AB, Floirac / FranceObservatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l’Univers, L3AB, Floirac / France
… … and the Odin/SMR teamand the Odin/SMR team
Odin/SMR Observations of Water Vapour Odin/SMR Observations of Water Vapour in the Middle Atmosphere in the Middle Atmosphere
The Odin satelliteThe Odin satellite• Swedish led mini-satellite. Cooperation with Canada, Finland, France.
• Launched in February 2001. Design lifetime: 2 years.
• Circular quasi-polar sun-synchronous orbit: 625km altitude, 96min/orbit, 6h/18h equator crossing.
• Time sharing: 50% astronomy, 50% aeronomy.
• Limb-sounding in aeronomy mode: ~45-65 scans/orbit, ~15 orbits per day.
• 2 instruments: SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer), OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System)
• Aeronomy science objectivesAeronomy science objectives: stratosphere + mesosphere: stratosphere + mesosphere..
stratospheric modestratospheric mode (ClO, N (ClO, N22O, HNOO, HNO33, O, O33),), water isotope modewater isotope mode (H (H22O, HDO, HO, HDO, H22O-18, HO-18, H22O-17),O-17),
odd hydrogen / summer mesosphere modeodd hydrogen / summer mesosphere mode (H (H22O, OO, O33, CO),, CO), odd nitrogen modeodd nitrogen mode (NO, HNO (NO, HNO33, NO, NO2 2 ))
Odin/SMR frequency coverageOdin/SMR frequency coverage
Swedish Space Corporation
stratospheric modestratospheric mode (ClO, N(ClO, N22O, HNOO, HNO33, O, O33))
water isotope modewater isotope mode (H(H22O, HDO, HO, HDO, H22O-18, HO-18, H22O-17) O-17)
(O(O33, O, O33-18-asym, O-18-asym, O33-18-sym, O-18-sym, O33-17-asym)-17-asym)
odd hydrogen / odd hydrogen / summer mesosphere modesummer mesosphere mode
(H(H22O, OO, O33, CO), CO)
odd nitrogen modeodd nitrogen mode (NO, HNO(NO, HNO33, NO, NO2 2 ))
Mesospheric water vapourMesospheric water vapour
Mesospheric water vapour @ 556.9 GHzMesospheric water vapour @ 556.9 GHz
51 km
65 km
79 km
Mesospheric water vapour / 2002Mesospheric water vapour / 2002
Chalmers-v2.0H2O @ 557.0 GHz
Jan Jul
OctApr
3-d model: mesospheric H3-d model: mesospheric H22OO[Körner & Sonnemann, JGR, 106, 2001][Körner & Sonnemann, JGR, 106, 2001]
NH summer solstice
seas
on
al v
aria
tio
n
88km
72.5N
Odin: NLC’s + HOdin: NLC’s + H22O in summer mesosphereO in summer mesosphere
18 - July - 2004: 85 km (NH)Odin/SMRH2O VMR:Odin/OSIRIS NLC:
Courtesy: Stefan Lossow, MISU / Stockholm University
Odin/SMR HOdin/SMR H22O @ 557 GHz: summer mesosphereO @ 557 GHz: summer mesosphere
cloud free
strong NLC
Courtesy: Stefan Lossow, MISU / Stockholm University
18 - July - 2004: mean 55°N - 85°N
Odin/SMR water isotope modeOdin/SMR water isotope mode
Odin/SMR Water Isotope Mode: HOdin/SMR Water Isotope Mode: H22O, OO, O33 + isotopes + isotopes
CTSO-v223-offline
490.4 GHzband
488.9 GHzband
~ 20 km
~ 40 km
~ 30 km
~ 50 km
H2O-16
H2O-18
O3-16HDOO3-18-sym
O3-18-asym
O3-17-asym
Odin/SMR water isotope modeOdin/SMR water isotope mode
Retrieved profiles of H216O @ 488.9 GHz and HDO @ 490.4 GHz
• Simultaneous retrieval of H216O, O3, H2
18O / HDO, 18O3-asym, 18O3-sym, scan-bias, linear baseline (offset), temperature, and continuum
HDOH216O
Odin/SMR water vapour – Odin/SMR water vapour – 15 15 Dec 2001Dec 2001
Retrieval of water vapour H216O - band 488.35-489.35 GHz
zonal mean and global distribution
24 hours = 14 orbits x 50 scans / orbit
zonal mean H216O H2
16O at 30km
Water Vapour ”Delta-D” : a tool to study the origin of air masses
• Isotopic depletion/enrichment: D = (Robs/Rref – 1) x 100 [%]
• SMOW - Standard Mean Ocean Water: D/H ratio = Rref = 1.5576.10-4
• D variations caused by isotopic fractionation processes (phase changes, chemistry)
• Initial D (tropical tropopause) = ~ - 65% (due to condensation / phase changes in TTL)
• D in water vapour increases with altitude in stratosphere due to chemical production from CH4 and CH3D oxidation, since stratospheric entry value of D in methane is larger.
Odin/SMR water isotope mode: HOdin/SMR water isotope mode: H22O, HDO, O, HDO, δD 2
9-30
Ap
ril 2
002
2
9-30
Ap
ril 2
002
26
-27
Oct
ober
200
226
-27
Oct
ober
200
2
H2O @ 488.9 GHzH2O @ 488.9 GHz HDO @ 490.4 GHzHDO @ 490.4 GHz δD (HDO)δD (HDO)
Zonal mean of water vapour H216O and its isotope HDO
δD - 20S-20N mean
3 month mean July-Aug-Sep 2002
3 month mean Oct-Nov-Dec 2002
-39%
Slope ~ 0.04
-64%
-44%
-55%
Slope ~ 0.1
Courtesy: Y. Kasai / NICT Tokyo
Odin/SMR: HOdin/SMR: H22O-17 @ 552 GHzO-17 @ 552 GHz
22 km
36 km
50 km
H2O-17, NO, O3: 1 observation day per month since Nov 2003
H2O-17O3
Relative humidity Relative humidity in tropical upper tropospherein tropical upper troposphere
RHi weighting functionsstratospheric mode
501.8 GHz 544.6 GHz
sub-bands for RH retrievalsub-bands for cloud correction
ClOO3
N2OHNO3
O3
Odin/SMR: Upper tropospheric humidity / tropicsOdin/SMR: Upper tropospheric humidity / tropics
Odin/SMR: Upper tropospheric humidity / tropicsOdin/SMR: Upper tropospheric humidity / tropics
200 hPa (~11km)
130 hPa (~ 15km)
multi-annual mean: December 2001 – August 2004
UT/LS water vapour from continuum UT/LS water vapour from continuum emissionsemissions
544.6 GHz retrieval: H544.6 GHz retrieval: H22O continuumO continuum
32 N 83 S
HNO3
O3
HNO3
O3
HH22O @ 544.6 GHz: 2003O @ 544.6 GHz: 2003
• H2O retrieval from continuum emissions in 544.6 GHz stratospheric mode measurements (O3, HNO3), ~10 observation days per month.
• Global coverage (~83S-83N), good altitude resolution (~3-4 km), useful altitude range ~10-30 km covering UT/LS, noise requires averaging. • Monthly zonal mean fields:
- Large VMR in troposphere, change of gradient indicates tropopause,
- Typical VMR in lower stratosphere (~15-25km) of 2.5-4 ppmv,
- De-hydrification inside Antarctic polar vortex: Very low values at 12-20km in southern winter hemisphere (~Jul-Nov),
- Minima around ~20-25 km at high latitudes (summer hemisphere and outside vortex during winter). Correlation with HNO3?
HH22O @ 544.6 GHz: 2003O @ 544.6 GHz: 2003
upper troposphereupper troposphere
• H2O information in troposphere from continuum emissions in 544.6 GHz measurements
• Troposphere: - No cloud correction yet applied!!! - A priori contamination 10-30% ! • Large VMR in troposphere, change of gradient indicates tropopause, large seasonal variation.
HH22O tape recorder: tropics 15S-15NO tape recorder: tropics 15S-15Nre
lati
ve t
o
mea
nV
M R
UT/LS tape recorder: tropics 15S-15NUT/LS tape recorder: tropics 15S-15Nre
lati
ve t
o
mea
n
HH22O @ 544.6 GHz: upper troposphereO @ 544.6 GHz: upper troposphere3
55
K3
30
K
HH22O @ 544.6 GHz: lowermost stratosphereO @ 544.6 GHz: lowermost stratosphere4
05
K3
80
K
H2O @ 544 GHz: lower stratosphereH2O @ 544 GHz: lower stratosphere4
55
K4
30
K
Summary and PerspectivesSummary and Perspectives Odin Odin carrying carrying SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer)SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) launched in February 2001.launched in February 2001.
now: ~4.5 years of aeronomy observations starting from Nov 2001 (quasi-global coverage), now: ~4.5 years of aeronomy observations starting from Nov 2001 (quasi-global coverage), time-shared with astronomical observations.time-shared with astronomical observations.
Odin/SMR water vapour measurement modes: Odin/SMR water vapour measurement modes:
Mesospheric water vapour:Mesospheric water vapour:
HH22O, OO, O33, T at 557GHz: , T at 557GHz: ~4 days / month, Nov 2001 - , mesosphere (~40-100km), ~4 days / month, Nov 2001 - , mesosphere (~40-100km),
Strato-mesospheric water vapour and isotopes:Strato-mesospheric water vapour and isotopes: HH22O, HDO, HO, HDO, H22O-18, OO-18, O33-isotopes around 490GHz: -isotopes around 490GHz:
~4 days / month, Nov 2001 - , strato+mesosphere (~20-75km), ~4 days / month, Nov 2001 - , strato+mesosphere (~20-75km),
HH22O-17, NO, OO-17, NO, O33, T at 551GHz:, T at 551GHz: ~1 day / month, Oct 2003 - , strato+mesosphere (~18-75km), ~1 day / month, Oct 2003 - , strato+mesosphere (~18-75km),
Upper tropospheric humidity (from stratospheric mode):Upper tropospheric humidity (from stratospheric mode):
NN22O, ClO, OO, ClO, O33, HNO, HNO33,T,T ~10 days / month, Nov 2001 - , stratosphere (~100hPa-1hPa), ~10 days / month, Nov 2001 - , stratosphere (~100hPa-1hPa),
also used for also used for UT/LS humidityUT/LS humidity retrievals. retrievals.
Reprocessing of L1b- and L2-data for main stratospheric and water isotope modes Reprocessing of L1b- and L2-data for main stratospheric and water isotope modes ongoing during 2006 (ongoing during 2006 (→→Ch-v2.0), new version in preparation.Ch-v2.0), new version in preparation.
Validation of water vapour products ongoing.Validation of water vapour products ongoing.
Thank you!Thank you!