Issue No.110 February 2016 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

On Diversity, and Excitement The preliminary program for the May AAHM meeting in Minneapolis has just landed in my inbox, and I encourage all to share my excitement in its breadth and diversity. To my memory the representation of pre-1800 medicine is unprecedented, at least in recent years. It recalls the sort of panoramic history familiar from, say, Oswei Temkin’s The Falling Sickness (Johns Hopkins U. Press, 1945), which sketched the history of epilepsy in western civilization from its beginning in the most ancient texts to the onset of “modern neurology.” Such panel topics might be familiar to Temkin, but the new tools of scholarship are taking us far beyond the first texts in our discipline. In miniature, this program is a most satisfactory tableau of the vibrancy of our field. The program is more remarkable for its global reach. Most speakers come from the United States and Canada, not surprisingly. But also represented are (in no particular order): the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Sweden, France, The Netherlands, Japan, Norway, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Austria, Israel, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore. The countries being studied are equally diverse, and include Morocco, Mexico, the USSR, Thailand, Italy, Nigeria, Uganda, India, and Brazil, as well as the familiar loci of North America and the United Kingdom. To revert for a moment to the micro-world of my office: one of the main jobs of the president of AAHM is to create committees, ones that optimally represent the diversity of our field. In naming a prize, choosing candidates for office, or sculpting the program, officers of the AAHM hope to find broad representation on the committees, to properly represent our varied membership. One seeks diversity by age/professional rank; by location in the US or abroad; by chronological field; and increasingly by global reach. When discussing membership choices with one committee chair, I proposed a group that I thought was fairly diverse. “No, no!” he said. “They’re all social historians who think like me.” (As your president I am ready to take the bold step of saying: this task is impossible. Hurrah! No five people can represent all categories. So if you have complaints about committee composition, deliver them to the incoming president, thank you. And volunteer!) It is hard to characterize the sort of intellectual diversity that this chairperson sought, and which I have particularly found in recent months to be so exciting. One definition is to say that I don’t know how intellectually diverse colleagues will respond to a given piece of historical writing, or how they frame the questions of their own research. They give papers and I can’t quite figure out “what they’re on about.”

2 AAHM NEWSLETTER A case in point. I have a colleague in the History Department at Duke, Nicole Barnes, who writes on the history of twentieth century Chinese medicine and public health, with a particular focus on wartime Sichuan in the 1930s and 1940s. She was trained in Chinese history, and happened upon a topic in the history of medicine. Although we both do the history of public health, we could not be much farther apart in our intellectual heritage. When I was in graduate school, my advisor Barbara G. Rosenkrantz insisted that a historian of medicine and public health had to know German and French (and, for the record, I dutifully passed exams in those subjects.). Someone like Dr. Temkin might be aghast that any so-called scholar knew only rudimentary Latin (from high school) and no Greek at all. Yet my colleague Nicole’s languages are: Mandarin Chinese, Classical Chinese, Modern Japanese, French, and Spanish. Clearly the “global turn” has meant that there is no longer a set of tools—language and otherwise—that define scholarship in our field. The questions I learned to ask in graduate school, which tended to turn on “public health and the State” are also different from Nicole’s. I look for patterns of power, for reasons that elites deign to spend money and resources on the poor. In nineteenth-century U.S. public health this tended to turn on fear of the masses as sources of infection and unrest, or concerns about the disruption of commerce brought by epidemics. Yet Chinese historians have different questions that they are “on about.” Modernity is a big word in this field—when it happened, how it happened, how it was shaped by contact with the “West.” In medicine the core question is how the intersection of “Western biomedicine” (a contested term) with “traditional Chinese medicine” (yet another constructed and contested label) played out. The movement of medical ideas globally, the intersection of culture, the roles of colonialism, trade and military actions, are all important factors in this story, and unfamiliar to my parochial historiography.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

President’s Message 1 AAHM News 3 Minneapolis AAHM 2016 3 AAHM Nominations 2016 6 News of Members 8 Obituaries 8 Archives/Libraries/Museums 12 National Library of Medicine 14 Wellcome Library 15

The AAHM NewsLetter is edited by Jodi Koste and published three times a year by the American Association for the History of Medicine, Inc. It is distributed free of charge to the membership.

AAHM Officers Margaret Humphreys, M.D., Ph.D., President

Christopher Crenner, M.D., Ph.D., Vice President Jodi L. Koste, M.A., Secretary

Hughes Evans, M.D., Ph.D., Treasurer Nancy Tomes, Ph.D., Immediate Past President

The Association’s website is www.histmed.org

Address all correspondence regarding the NewsLetter to:

Jodi Koste Tompkins-McCaw Library

Box 980582 Richmond, VA 23298-0582

jlkoste@vcu.edu (804) jlkoste@vcu.edu828-9898

(804) 828-6089 (fax)

News items of 250 words or less are invited and may be submitted by e-mail, fax, or regular mail. Deadlines: 1 July, 1 October, and 15 February.

I, on the other hand, was struck on a recent visit to the Natural History Museum in London that the display of various human species included labeled Cro Magnon as a “modern human.” So the definition of the modern begins with wiping out the Neanderthals, by one perspective. Another input to

February 2016 3

Editor’s Note

It is with a heavy heart that I edit this number of the AAHM NewsLetter. My co-editor and eagle-eyed proof reader, Joan Echtenkamp Klein passed away on 2 December 2015. We had worked in tandem on this newsletter for more than ten years including the last issue from the fall when Joan was recovering from hip replacement surgery. Our AAHM collaboration began back in 1982 when we attended our first meeting together. Over the course of the next 33 years we traveled thousands of miles together, roomed together at 114 professional conferences, promoted the history of medicine together in our beloved Commonwealth of Virginia, and built a reputation as the inseparable JKs. I will miss her smile, her laughter, and most of all her wonderful friendship, always. my own work is the growing field of evolution and medicine, which includes recent human history in its scope. This is not to say that one or the other perspective is correct, but that such interactions prompt new questions, or push us to better define the overarching intellectual matrix that defines our work. It is hard to leave the safe path where all is familiar, to risk the dangers of naiveté and amateur status, but it is oh so exciting. My hope is that you will find in our diverse program—crafted by the hard work of Scott Podolsky (co-chair), Sarah Tracy (co-chair), Laurence Monnais, Alisha Rankin, Laura Stark, and Carsten Timmermann—many sources of such intellectual challenge. By all means go to the sessions that directly relate to your interests. But also sample offerings that seem as far from your work as Chongqing is from New Orleans. Enjoy.

Margaret Humphreys, AAHM President

AAHM NEWS

Minneapolis AAHM 2016: A Green Meeting by the Mississippi

Snow-hammered east coast residents can find refuge in less snowy Minnesota. We’re taking our fair weather this winter as a sign that AAHM’s meeting here at the end of April will be warm and beautiful! Join us in Minneapolis Thursday, 28 April, through Sunday, 1 May, for the AAHM’s 89th meeting and a new era of collaborative engagement with the American Osler Society (AOS). . Innovative Program Activities and Professional Networking: This is the year of innovation for the AAHM. The Program Committee has put together great panels and, for the first time ever, poster presentations and two joint sessions with the AOS. Come early and take a tour or attend the Sigerist Circle meeting (see more about the tours below). The AAHM meeting formally kicks off on Thursday with a light reception in the hotel’s atrium. Meet up with friends and colleagues for a quick snack and drink, check the message board or the meeting app on your phone to find restaurants, pubs, theater, music, and sporting events, and others interested in going to the same places. You’ll easily be able to find a fun spot for dinner after the special Thursday evening session, “From ‘Transgressive to ‘Transparent’: Writing the Transgendered History of Medicine.” Graduate students are invited to attend a happy hour at The Local, an Irish pub near the hotel, from 8:00-10:00 p.m. We’ll have drinks and tasty snacks for you, just RSVP with $5 when you register! Current AAHM president and Duke University professor Margaret Humphreys will lead off a jam-packed day of programming on Friday with the Presidential Address, What’s War Got to Do with It? Integrating Civil War Experiences into the American Medical Story. Professor Susan Lederer of the University of Wisconsin will cap off the day with the Fielding H. Garrison Lecture Bombshells and Bioethics: Henry K. Beecher’s Ethics and Clinical Research at 50. For

4 AAHM NEWSLETTER the first time, the Awards Ceremony will follow the Garrison Lecture so that everyone will now be able to honor the Garrison Lecturer and the AAHM prize winners at the reception afterwards. Saturday, the poster presenters will be available to talk about their projects during a morning and an afternoon break. The posters will be displayed throughout the meeting. If you’re not attending a lunch session, drop in on the “Meet the Author” sessions with the new winners of the Welch Medal and the Rosen Prize. Though the banquet is no more, networking and fostering collegiality are still key parts of the meeting. Field-specific happy hours make their debut as a pocketbook-friendly replacement for the banquet early Saturday evening. Go out to a selected nearby bar with fellow connoisseurs of history of disease or disability studies, and still have time to take full advantage of Minneapolis’s diverse cuisines and nightlife afterwards. Each of the half-dozen themed happy hours will be hosted by a local and a national scholar. Whether you decide to drink mojitos with the public health historians or craft beer with the early modernists, these happy hours will be great opportunities for conversation. Don’t feel limited to your own specialty, or to picking only one location! Sign up at the registration desk for the happy hours. Want to suggest a theme or offer to host? Contact Emily Beck of the Local Arrangements Committee at eehagens@umn.edu. The biggest innovation is two shared sessions with the AOS on Sunday morning: “Making the Case for History in Medical Education: A Panel Discussion for the AAHM and AOS” and “The Origins and Evolution of Informed Consent: A Half Century of Deliberation.” The AOS has generously invited AAHM members to its John P. McGovern Award Lecture, delivered this year by Mark G. Dimunation, Chief of the Rare Books and Special Collections Division of the Library of Congress.

Tours and Minneapolis Attractions: We are organizing two tours for meeting attendees on Thursday afternoon. The first is a tour of three

University of Minnesota’s treasures: The Wangensteen Historical Library of Biology and Medicine hsl.lib.umn.edu/wangensteen/about, the Visible Heart Laboratory, and the Andersen Library Special Collections and caverns www.lib.umn.edu/ special/archives-and-special-collections-web-pages. The Wangensteen’s collections cover five hundred years of the history of medicine in over 80,000 volumes. The Visible Heart Laboratory taps the University of Minnesota’s unique history in transplant surgery and development of medical devices. You will see both the history and the lab’s current physiological experiments, the library of hearts, and 3D printing of patients’ hearts for clinical interventions. Andersen Library houses many of the University of Minnesota’s special collections, including the Social Welfare History Archives, the Tretter Collection in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies, the University Archives, and the Sherlock Holmes Collections. Books and archival materials are stored in gigantic limestone caverns carved into the west bank of the Mississippi. You will have the opportunity to tour the caves and talk with curators from the archive of your choice. Transportation for this tour will be via light rail and will involve a fair amount of walking. Please let us know in advance if you have special accessibility needs. The second is a tour of the vault and library collections at The Bakken Museum www.thebakken.org. Situated on the shores of Lake Calhoun, the Bakken’s focus is electricity and life and the medical electric artifacts will thrill scholars and tinkerers. The Bakken is also inviting attendees to participate in a development charette for a future exhibit, “Inventing for Health.” After the tour, you can be part of the charette or spend more time exploring the Bakken’s exhibits, collections, and medicinal and native plant gardens. The number of spaces for this tour is limited, so reserve early. The Bakken is open daily for regular visitors. The conference hotel is located in downtown Minneapolis in the midst of the theater and business districts. There are lots of exciting restaurants and

February 2016 5

things to do near our hotel, but here are a few highlights: In 1880, the flour mill that now houses the Mill City Museum www.millcitymuseum.org was declared “The World’s Largest Flour Mill,” but in 1991, after years of disuse, was nearly destroyed by a fire. Preserving the original structure—both what was left standing and the ruins from the fire—the museum opened in 2001. Documenting the state’s agricultural core and Minneapolis’s history as a milling center on the Mississippi, this museum is fun for everyone. The Minnesota Twins Minnesota.twins.mlb.com will be playing the Detroit Tigers at 7:10 pm on Friday, at 1:10 pm on Saturday, and at 1:10 pm on Sunday. Twins tickets are not expensive, but you should buy yours before you arrive in Minnesota! The Guthrie Theater www.guthrietheater.org was founded in 1963 by Sir. Tyrone Guthrie and was renovated fully in 2006 with new performance spaces and incredible public viewing areas of the Mississippi River. Even if you don’t have time to catch a show, the views from the “Endless Bridge” are worth a visit. Walk down Nicollet Mall and across Loring Park to reach the Walker Art Center www.walkerart.org a stimulating venue for contemporary art and media. The Minneapolis Institute of Art news.artsmia.org now known as MIA, is free daily and has a great collection of art from across centuries and geographic regions. St. Paul is home to the Minnesota History Center www.minnesotahistorycenter.org, a museum and combined state and private historical society archives, and the Science Museum of Minnesota wwwsmm.org. The Science Museum offers special exhibits on “Race: Are We So Different?,” “Weighing the Evidence” with artifacts from its questionable medical device collection, and a traveling exhibit “Mummies: New Secrets from the Tombs,” plus much more. Minneapolis is rich in cultural life and distinctive architecture. See the AAHM website for more

museum, theater, music, sports, and archives opportunities. CME: The Chesapeake Health Education Program, Inc. is accredited by MedChi, The Maryland State Medical Society, to provide continuing medical education for physicians and is providing CME for the 2016 program. The Chesapeake Health Education Program, Inc. designates this live activity for a maximum of 17 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM. Interested attendees may register for CME through the meeting registration process. Hotel: We will be meeting this year at the Minneapolis Marriott City Center at 30 S. 7th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402. AAHM’s room rate is $144 per night. You can make reservations online resweb.passkey.com/Resweb.do?mode=welcome_ei_new&eventID=14123334 or by calling 877-303-0104. Mention the code “AAHM” to the reservations representative--this is very important both to get the conference rate and to meet our commitment to the hotel that provides us with meeting space. Transportation: Transportation from the two terminals of the MSP airport to the Marriott is very easy. Simply take the light rail from the hotel and get off at the Nicollet Mall stop. The hotel is a short one to two block walk from this station. Tickets are purchased at machines at the rail stops: $2.25 at rush hour, $1.75 other times; the fare covers all light rail and bus rides in any direction for 2.5 hours. MetroTransit’s Blue and Green Lines www.metrotransit.org will also get you from the Twins’ baseball stadium to the Guthrie Theater and Mill City Museum to the University of Minnesota campus, the Surly Beer Garden, and on to downtown St. Paul and the St. Paul Saints stadium. Brew pubs, great restaurants, and cultural venues are within easy reach on foot or public transit. Plan a Research Trip: The Twin Cities offer a concentration of rich, varied archival collections of interest to historians of medicine, science, and technology. Consider adding a day or two of

6 AAHM NEWSLETTER research to your AAHM visit. The University of Minnesota’s Archives and Special Collections www.lib.umn.edu/special/archives-and-special-collections-web-pages has 18 special collections covering African American Literature to the history of computing to horticulture in addition the ones listed under tours above. The Bakken Museum also has a rare book collection related to electricity, as well as artifacts. The Minnesota Historical Society www.mnhs.org in St. Paul (easily accessible on the Green Line with a transfer to the 21 Bus) has something for everyone, from the Sister Kenny Institute papers to records of eugenic sterilization in state institutions, with an excellent online catalog and many electronic finding aids. These are just some of the local resources. Please call the curators or librarians in advance to inquire about their resources and make an appointment to visit.

Jennifer Gunn, Chair, Emily Beck, Graduate Student Organizer,

2016 Local Arrangements Committee

AAHM Nominations The report of the AAHM Nominating Committee appears on page 15. Biographies for the nominated candidates appear below. The election will take place at the business meeting during the annual meeting in Minneapolis, MN, on Saturday, 30 April.

Candidate for President

Chris Crenner is the Robert Hudson and Ralph Major Professor and Chair of the Department of History and Philosophy of Medicine and Associate Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Kansas Medical Center. His scholarly work focuses on the twentieth-century history of medicine, with special attention to medical practice, technologies, surgery, and race. He is the author of Private Practice (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005). He is the co-editor with Thomas Schlich of a book on the history of technical change in surgery forthcoming from Rochester University Press. His work can also be found in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, ISIS, the Remedia blogsite, and the

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, where he is presently editor-in-chief. A former chair of the KU Hospital Ethics Committee, Crenner continues to serve on the committee. He supervises medical residents in their primary care clinics and volunteers regularly at the JayDoc free medical clinic in Kansas City, Kansas. Crenner has served AAHM in a variety of capacities including as secretary from 2007 to 2011.

Candidate for Vice President

Susan E. Lederer is the Robert Turell Professor of the History of Medicine and Bioethics and Chair of the Department of Medical History and Bioethics at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. She is the author of Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America Before the Second World War (1995); Frankenstein: Penetrating the Secrets of Nature (2002), and Flesh and Blood: A Cultural History of Transplantation and Transfusion in Twentieth-Century America (2008). She has been a member of AAHM since 1985, and has served on the editorial boards of the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, the Journal of the History of Medicine, Social History of Medicine, and Isis. She is a Hastings Center Fellow and serves on the Hastings Center Fellow Council. She has been named the Fielding H. Garrison Lecturer (2016). She is currently writing a book on physician Henry K. Beecher and his role in the American bioethics movement. She is also working on a history of body donation in twentieth-century America.

Candidates for Council Member

Stephen T. Casper is an Associate Professor of History in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Clarkson University, Potsdam NY. He is the author of The Neurologists: A History of a Medicine Speciality in Modern Britain, c.1789-2000 and co-editor of The Neurological Patient in History. He has most recently edited a special issue of Science in Context entitled “Of Means and Ends in the Mind and Brain Sciences,” which appeared in March 2015. He was Media Reviews Editor for Medical History from

February 2016 7

2012 to 2015 and has served twice as a member of the Program Committee of the AAHM, of which he has been a member since 2005. Casper earned his B.Sc. in Neuroscience and Biochemistry at the University of Minnesota and his Ph.D. in the History of Medicine at University College London.

Alan M. Kraut received his B.A. from Hunter College and his M.A. and Ph.D. in history from Cornell University. He is University Professor and Professor of History at American University in Washington, D.C. He holds an adjunct faculty appointment at the Uniformed University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, MD and he is a Nonresident Fellow of the Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. He is the author or editor of nine books. His books dealing with the history of medicine and public health include Silent Travelers: Germs, Genes, and the “Immigrant Menace” (1994), Goldberger’s War: The Life and Work of a Public Health Crusader (2003), and Covenant of Care: Newark Beth Israel and the Jewish Hospital in America (co-authored 2007). He is currently working on a history of the role that issues of health and physical appearance have played in the integration of newly arrived immigrants to the United States throughout American history. His scholarly projects have been supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Smithsonian Institution, the American Philosophical Society, the National Institutes of Health, and the Healthcare Foundation of New Jersey. Dr. Kraut is Past President of the Organization of American Historians, the largest professional organization of those who study U.S. history, and is currently President of the National History Coalition. He is an elected fellow of the Society of American Historians. He has been a member of the AAHM since 1984, chairing the program committee and serving on the finance committee and various prize committees. He currently serves on the Advisory Editorial Board of the Bulletin of the History of Medicine. Shelley McKellar is the Hannah Chair in the History of Medicine at Western University, London, Canada. It is a position she holds jointly in the Department of Surgery at the Schulich School of

Medicine & Dentistry and the Department of History in the Faculty of Social Sciences, which allows her to teach medical students, undergraduate social science students, and graduate history students. She also curates Western’s Medical Artifact Collection, a modest teaching and research collection. Her book publications include Surgical Limits: The Life of Gordon Murray (2003), Medicine and Technology in Canada, 1900-1950 (2008) with Allison Kirk-Montgomery, and Essays in Honour of Michael Bliss: Figuring the Social (2008) co-edited with Alison Li and Elsbeth Heaman. Her research interests include the history of surgery, medical technology, the material culture of medicine, and medical biography. She has been a member of AAHM since 1999 and currently serves on the Rosen Prize Committee. She is also a member of the History and Heritage Committee for the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. She earned her Ph.D. in History from the University of Toronto.

Lisa Pruitt is an Associate Professor of History at Middle Tennessee State University, where she has been on faculty since 1999. She is completing a book manuscript entitled “’Crippled’: A History of Childhood Disability in America,” the research for which was completed with a grant from the National Library of Medicine. Her book, ‘A Looking-Glass for Ladies’: American Protestant Women and the Orient in the Nineteenth Century, was published by Mercer University Press in March 2005. A member of AAHM since 2002, she served on the Education and Outreach Committee, 2009 to 2011, and chaired the Ad Hoc Committee on Accessibility at Annual Meetings in 2010. Pruitt earned the B.A. in English at the University of Texas at Dallas, the M.A. in History and Master of Library Science at the University of Maryland, and the Ph.D. in American history at Vanderbilt University.

NEWS OF MEMBERS

McGill-Queen’s University Press is pleased to announce the appointment of Professor Erika Dyck as co-editor of the McGill-Queen’s/Associated Medical Services Studies in the History of Medicine,

8 AAHM NEWSLETTER Health, and Society book series. She will join series co-editor Professor J.T.H. Connor of Memorial University, replacing the retiring Professor Emeritus Samuel O. Freedman.

Guenter B. Risse’s newest book, Driven by Fear: Epidemics and Isolation in San Francisco’s House of Pestilence, (University of Illinois Press, 2016) was featured in an op ed for the History News Network and Time Magazine for 1 February 2016. They can be found at historynewswork.org/ article/161836 and time.com/4302276/health-fears-history. Jeffrey S. Reznick, received the NIH Director’s Award in recognition of his “exceptional leadership and scholarly oversight of the collections and programs of NLM’s History of Medicine Division.” The NIH Director’s Award recognizes superior achievement and performance directly related to fulfilling the mission of the NIH. The Royal Society of New South Wales (the oldest learned society in the southern hemisphere) has awarded Warwick Anderson (University of Sydney) its History and Philosophy of Science Medal for 2015. In 2014, he was elected a Fellow of the Society. Kenneth M. Ludmerer has been selected to receive the 2016 Distinguished Service Award of the Washington University Medical Center. This award is provided for “particularly laudable career accomplishment and substantial contribution and/or service to the Washington University Medical Center.”

Alain Touwaide is a visiting professor at UCLA for the winter term, teaching two classes: “Venoms, Poisons, and Medicines from Antiquity to the Renaissance” ccle.ucla.edu/pluginfile.php/1152039/ mod_label/intro/Classics%2088GE_W16.png, open to all students across campus, at all levels, and “Books of Science/Science of the Book” ccle.ucla.edu/pluginfile.php/1170788/mod_resource/content/0/Flyer.pdf, for graduate students. He has also been appointed an Associate of the Center for

Medieval and Renaissance Studies at UCLA. Finally, Touwaide has been awarded a six-month “Foreign Fellowship” by the Onassis Foundation (Athens, Greece) for a research program on the history of botany and medicinal plants among the Greek speaking communities in the Ottoman Empire, to be conducted in collaboration with the National Hellenic Research Foundation.

OBITUARIES

Gerald N. Grob (1931-2015)

Gerald N. (Gerry) Grob, the Henry E. Sigerist Professor of the History of Medicine (Emeritus) at Rutgers University and a founding member of the Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, died of complications from cancer in Evergreen, Colorado on 16 December 2015. One of the AAHM’s most loyal members and a treasured leader, Gerry served the Association in many capacities throughout his career, including as President from 1996 to 1998. He was honored by the AAHM twice in 1986, when he delivered the Fielding Garrison Lecture and received the Welch Medal. In 2006 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award. Born on 25 April 1931, in New York City, Gerry graduated from the City College of New York. He earned his master’s degree at Columbia University in 1952 and after a stint in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers attained his Ph.D. in history from Northwestern University in 1958. In 1957 he began his academic career at Clark University as an instructor, advancing to the rank of professor and chairing the Department of History from 1967 to 1969. He joined Rutgers in 1969 as Professor of History and spent the remainder of his career in the Department of History and the Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research. He chaired the Department of History on three occasions: 1969 to 1971; 1973 to 1974 and 1981 to 1984.

February 2016 9

Arguably the most distinguished and productive historian of the treatment of the mentally ill in America, Gerry did not start out as a medical historian. His first book, Workers and Utopia: A Study of Ideological Conflict in the American Labor Movement, 1865-1900, grew out of his early interest in labor history and came out in 1961. It was at Clark that his interests turned to the history of mental illness and psychiatry. His next book, The State and the Mentally Ill: A History of the Worcester State Hospital in Massachusetts, 1830–1920, launched his career in this field, received the 1965 prize of the American Association of State and Local History, and became a classic. Gerry went on to write the definitive three-volume history of mental health treatment and policy in America from 1875 to 1990. These books, published between 1973 and 1991, were Mental Institutions in America: Social Policy to 1875 (Free Press); Mental Illness and American Society, 1875-1940 (Princeton University Press); and From Asylum to Community: Mental Health Policy in Modern America (Princeton University Press). After completing these volumes he wrote a more

accessible review of this history for the general

reader, called The Mad Among Us: A History of the

Care of America’s Mentally Ill (first issued by Free

Press in 1994, and reissued as a paperback by

Harvard University Press).

In 1991 Gerry was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies of Science, now the National Academy of Medicine. Rutgers, too, honored him as one of its most outstanding faculty members. In 1994 he became the first recipient of the Gorenstein Memorial Award, which honors distinguished scholars who have also made their mark in leadership in University service. He also received an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from Clark University. With his close friend and colleague from Clark, George Billias, Gerry was the editor of a highly influential two-volume reader in U. S. History, Interpretations of American History: Patterns and Perspectives, which went through several editions. In the later years of his career, although he continued to

publish books, book chapters and journal articles on mental health policy, he expanded his research and teaching to other areas of medical history. After developing and teaching a course on the history of disease in America, he published in 2002 The Deadly Truth: A History of Disease in America (Harvard University Press). In 2013 Johns Hopkins University Press published his Aging Bones: A Short History of Osteoporosis (Johns Hopkins Press).

Gerry’s achievements tell only one part of the story of his life. He was an extraordinary person with much humility and humanity, selfless in his commitment to his friends and family and devoted to serving the people and institutions he cared about, including the AAHM. His friends, students, and colleagues knew him to be steadfast, supportive, and always ready to offer assistance. Although he was indeed a distinguished scholar, he remained a modest person who never made the “story” about himself. He loved doing favors for others and promoting the careers of his colleagues and students. That’s not to say that he didn’t have strong opinions. He had a fierce commitment to historical evidence, even if the conclusions to which that evidence led were not popular, and in his life and work strove for balance and fairness. With little patience for cant or posturing, he valued generosity and sincerity. And he could be very, very funny, with a store of corny jokes that he’d bring out at every possible opportunity. His impish look when he told one of these jokes was almost as funny – sometimes funnier – than the joke itself. We will all miss him enormously. Gerry was a happily devoted family man, who talked often and lovingly of his wife Lila, his sons, and their families. Lila Grob survives him, as do his three sons, Evan, Seth, and Brad, eight grandchildren and his sister, Gloria Oresky. There will be a memorial service for Gerry at Rutgers University on Friday, 1 April, 2016 at 2:00 p.m. in the Clinical Academic Building, Room 1302 (first floor off lobby) 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. Parking is available in the Paterson Street

10 AAHM NEWSLETTER Parking Deck—opposite the Clinical Academic Building and Wellness Plaza/Key Food Parking Deck- 95 Paterson Street (2 blocks away) A reception will follow at the Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research 112 Paterson Street. A fund at the Institute has been established in Gerry’s memory. Contributions may be made to the Gerald Grob Fund for the History of Medicine at the Institute for Health by sending a check made out to the Rutgers University Foundation and marked for the Grob Fund to: Ms. Sandra Lang, Health Sciences—New Brunswick, 120 Albany Street Plaza Tower One, Suite 305, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.

Margaret Marsh David Mechanic

Joan Echtenkamp Klein (1953-2015)

Joan Echtenkamp Klein, the Alvin V. and Nancy Baird Curator for Historical Collections at the University of Virginia’s (UVa) Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, died suddenly at her home in Richmond, Virginia on 2 December 2015. Born in Schenectady, New York, and raised in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Garden City, New York, Joan graduated with a B.A. in English from Gettysburg College and received her library degree from the Catholic University of America. After working in Special Collections at UVA, she became director of Historical Collections at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library in 1982, transforming it into one of the leading medical archives in the nation and a jewel of the health sciences library. Joan pioneered an active exhibitions program, and outreach proved central to her work. Her innovative web-based exhibits and in-house creations featured medical and surgical artifacts, rare books, manuscripts, and photographs, attracting visitors from throughout the world. Classes from the UVa Schools of Medicine and Nursing, as well as students from throughout the institution, regularly used the collections to provide perspective on current issues, create exhibits, and

incorporate primary sources into their research projects. Joan’s reach and rich professional life extended well beyond Charlottesville. She selected speakers and topics for the popular and distinguished History of the Health Sciences Lecture Series, making the talks available on YouTube and reaching an international audience. Her work as a member of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Legacy Committee earned Joan an invitation to the White House in 1997, when President Bill Clinton formally apologized to Study survivors. She received the 2003 Society of American Archivists’ Waldo Leland Award, which rewards writing of superior excellence in the archival field, for her digital project involving the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection. And she directed the Historical Collections’ UVa History of Cancer Care Project, which resulted in a print publication, a DVD containing twenty-five oral history interviews, and a website. She remained extremely active throughout her career in a number of professional organizations, including the Archivists and Librarians in the History of the Health Sciences (ALHHS) and the Science, Technology and Healthcare Roundtable of the Society of American Archivists, where she served on the Steering Committee for 15 years and was to assume the role of editor for the roundtable’s newsletter Archival Elements in the spring. Her editing talents were recognized by many and she was selected to co-edited the newsletters of AAHM and ALHHS for a span of over 20 years AAHM members may remember her presence and outgoing personality at the annual meetings for over 30 years. Her signature infectious laugh invariably enlivened sessions, social events, and late night room parties. A generous and welcoming colleague, Joan organized legendary dinners at some of the finest local restaurants at all AAHM meeting venues. She loved to hold court knowledgeably on a broad range of topics ranging from current literature to her eclectic musical tastes to the University of Virginia basketball and baseball programs. Joan exemplified the best professional values in the library and archives

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field, and always had great fun doing so. She will be missed. A fund has been established in Joan’s name to support the work of Historical Collections. Memorial gifts in her honor may be sent to: UVA Health Foundation, In Memory of Joan Echtenkamp Klein, P.O. Box 400807, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4807.

Lawrence D. Long (1926-2016) Lawrence D. Longo passed away 5 January 2016 after a brief hospitalization. To quote Larry in a tribute he gave for one of his friends: “he had a number of facets to his life. Above all else he was a family man-husband and father. To many of his professional colleagues and patients he was a gifted physician and researcher- a healer in the true sense of the word. A few of us that were particularly fortunate knew “Larry” as a bookman, a collector, bibliographer, and historian. He was pre-eminent in each of these roles, and will be remembered for the unique manner in which he filled them. It has been said that it is more important to pay tribute to good men than to enhance the prestige of the more famous.” Larry was born 11 October 1926, in Los Angeles, California, to his parents Frank Albert Longo, a Southern Pacific Railroad employee, and Florine Azalea Longo, a nurse. He was their third child. He was raised in Northern California and went to Pacific Union College (PUC) in Angwin, California, where he majored in Chemistry. He also was a veteran of World War II. He met his future wife, Betty Jeanne Mundall at PUC. They married on 9 September 1948, in Glendale, California. He graduated from the College of Medical Evangelists, now Loma Linda University (LLU) School of Medicine, in 1954. While he was in medical school, he attended a weekly chapel service. At one of these, a young professor of medicine, John E. Peterson, read Sir William Osler’s A Way of Life. This essay lead him to Jake Zeitlin’s “red barn” on La Cienega Boulevard, in Los Angeles, to purchase a copy of Harvey Cushing’s biography of Osler and

other medico-historical works. This was the beginning of his life long association with the history of medicine. He was a true student of Osler. Larry was a modern example for us today. After graduation from LLU, he specialized in Obstetrics and Gynecology at Los Angeles County Hospital. He took a two-month fellowship at University of California-Los Angeles in reproductive physiology. Larry Longo had a long and illustrious career. He was a distinguished Professor of Physiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology at LLU, was internationally recognized as a pioneer investigator, missionary to Africa, teacher, mentor, innovator, medical historian, bibliophile, and a shining light (ambassador) of academic scholarship. He authored more than 350 scientific papers, and edited or authored 20 books. He established the Center for Perinatal Biology at LLU into one of the world’s leading research groups in the field of developmental physiology and served as the founding Director from 1973 to 2012. His research was continuously funded by the National Institutes of Health and other agencies since 1964. He was also President of both the Society for Gynecologic Investigation (1982-1983) and the American Osler Society (2002-2003). Longo was also recognized by, and received fellowships from, the American Physiological Society, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Great Britain, and a NATO professorship by the Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche of Italy. Larry Longo was an advocate for preserving women’s freedom of choice for future generations, and the medical knowledge to make those decisions. The Lawrence D. Longo and Beatty Jeanne Longo Collection in Reproductive Biology, donated to the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, is one of the world’s most comprehensive collections of the history of European and American practice of obstetrics, gynecology, midwifery, and allied fields from the late 15th through the 20th centuries. It comprises approximately 2,700 rare books, 3,000 offprints and pamphlets, 11 manuscripts, and major reference works. These materials, in Latin, French,

12 AAHM NEWSLETTER English, German, Italian and Dutch, trace dramatic shifts in knowledge about women’s health and healthcare and will be available for scholars continuing research in the changes in women’s healthcare. Larry left this world inordinately better for having lived among us. This is the highest end towards which one can strive. As Shakespeare wrote (Hamlet; Act I, Scene 2), “He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again.” Larry leaves his wife BJ, his four children: Celeste, Anthony, Elisabeth, and Camilla, and his four grandchildren who remember him with love. Everyone he knew and with whom he had contacted will have a special remembrance of his thoughts and ideas. As he lived his life and ended his letters-PERSERVERE.

K. Garth Huston

Erich Meyerhoff (1919-2015) Erich Meyerhoff, a leader in the field of health sciences librarianship for many years, passed away on 26 December 2015 at the age of 96. He was founding director of the Medical Library Center of New York, a cooperative library services agency organized by the health science libraries of the metropolitan New York region; Director of the Health Sciences Library at the University of Buffalo; and Director of the Samuel J. Wood Library at Weill Medical College of Cornell University (then known as Cornell University Medical College). At Cornell, where he served as Director from 1970-1986 and Assistant Dean for Information Resources from 1977 to 1986, Meyerhoff moved the library into the computer age, emphasized institutional cooperation, and established the Medical Archives. Upon his retirement he was named Librarian Emeritus. He then spent two years as the Chief of Library Services at the Manhattan Veterans Administration Medical Center. Always interested in the history of the health sciences, Meyerhoff had been active for many years in the Archivists and Librarians in the History of the Health Sciences (ALHHS), the American Association

for the History of Medicine, and the History of Medicine Section of the Medical Library Association. After retiring from Cornell and the VA, he embarked on a second career as Assistant Curator of Archives at New York University’s Ehrman Medical Library. In 2010, ALHHS awarded him its Recognition of Merit award for his outstanding contributions to history of medicine libraries and archives. In recent years, though dealing with infirmities and mobility issues, Erich remained a faithful attendee at the annual meetings of ALHHS, AAHM, and MLA traveling by train whenever he could. He last attended the 2015 ALHHS/AAHM meetings in New Haven, CT. Born on 24 November 1919 to a Jewish family in Braunschweig, Germany, Erich’s precocious anti-Nazi activism impelled his parents to send him, alone, to the United States in 1935. Working part-time while still attending school, Erich managed to bring his entire family out of Germany by the outbreak of war in 1939. Erich had an early career as a social worker before entering the Columbia University School of Library Service, from which he graduated in 1951; he received a certificate in advanced librarianship from the same school in 1974. Predeceased by his wife, Inge, Erich is survived by his partner, Miriam Polis Hepworth, two children, and several grandchildren.

Stephen Novak

ARCHIVES/LIBRARIES/MUSEUMS The finding aid for the Frank H. Netter papers is now available on the University of North Carolina Health Sciences Library’s website: www2.lib.unc. edu/hsl/HC0010.html. Frank H. Netter (1906-1991) was an artist and physician whose illustrations depicted many medical conditions, treatments and anatomy of the human body. Before Netter studied medicine and became a physician he studied art and had established himself as a commercial artist early in his career. After

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completing medical school he set up his medical practice but was unable to make a living as a physician because of the Great Depression. It was at this time that he began making medical illustrations for various pharmaceutical companies. His pictures appeared in medical advertisements, pamphlets and books. His relationship with Ciba Pharmaceutical Company (later called CIBA-GEIGY and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation) encompassed most of his career and resulted in the publication of many anatomy books. The best known of these is the eight volume set titled the Ciba Collection of Medical Illustrations or the “green books.” The first volume of this collection was published in 1953 and the last volume was published posthumously in 1993. This collection is now known as the Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations. Frank H. Netter completed the Atlas of Human Anatomy in 1989 and a large number of his illustrations were used in Clinical Symposia, which was a publication of Ciba. This collection contains correspondence, research materials, slides, sketches and prints. This collection also contains more than 700 of his original sketches that cover all aspects of human anatomy, medical conditions and procedures. There is also a series of 12 matted prints entitled “Life of a Doctor.” Now more than 2,000 of Nightingale’s letters are available for viewing online, thanks in large part to Boston University’s Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center (HGARC), which embarked on a pioneering international collaboration two years ago with the Florence Nightingale Museum, the Royal College of Nursing, and the Wellcome Library to create a comprehensive digital database of Nightingale’s voluminous correspondence. Known as the Florence Nightingale Digitization Project, the database offers scholars, biographers, students, and anyone interested in the history of nursing free, public access to letters that have long been held in private collections. The HGARC announced that seven new partners had joined the Florence Nightingale Digital Collaborative, bringing the total number of letters available in the database to 2,272. The new partners

include the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University, the Center for the History of Medicine’s Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine at Harvard University, the Library of the Health Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, the National Library of Medicine, the University of North Carolina Health Sciences Library, and, in England, the British Red Cross and the Derbyshire Record Office. The hope is that more institutions in possession of Nightingale correspondence will join the collaborative. The Florence Nightingale Digitization Project is available at hgar-srv3.bu.edu/web/florence-nightingale/ home. Archives & Special Collections at Columbia University’s Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library is pleased to announce the digitization of an important anatomical flap book–an early attempt to represent the three dimensionality of the human body in the two dimensional format of the book.

Kleiner welt Spiegel, das ist, Abbildung Go ttlicher

Schopffung an dess Menschen Leib: mit beygesetzer

Schrifftlicher Erklarung (Ulm, 1661) is a German translation of Johann Remmelin’s Catoptrum Microcosmicum originally published in Latin in 1613. Remmelin (1583-1632) designed male and

female paper figures using a series of overlapping flaps to illustrate the successive layers of the human body. Intended more for the curious layperson than the medical student or physician, Remmelin’s work was a popular science best-seller of its day. The digital copy can be found through its record in CLIO, the Columbia University Libraries’ online public catalog; it can also be accessed through the Medical Heritage Library, a digital curation collaborative of which the Health Sciences Library is a member, at archive.org/details/ldpd_ 11497246_000.

The History of Medicine Collections in the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Duke University announces a new digital collection: the Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush

14 AAHM NEWSLETTER Collection available through the finding aid library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/rushbenjaminandjulia/ or in the digital repository at repository.lib.duke.edu/dc/rushbenjaminandjulia The American College of Surgeons (ACS) Archives Catalog is now available online. Researchers have expressed enthusiasm about their newfound ability to access, not only collection descriptions, but also many of the actual photos, videos, publications, and sound recordings described in the Catalog. Planned further enhancements to the ACS Archives Catalog include: improved subject access, HTML versions of the descriptions (accessible to Internet search engines such as Google), and the ongoing addition of more digital objects. The Archives Catalog is available at: www.facs.org/archivescatalog . The Medical Heritage Library (MHL) started work on its latest grant project, “Medicine at Ground Level: State Medical Societies, State Medical Journals, and the Development of American Medicine and Society,” which was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Arcadia Fund in 2015. Five of our partners are working on this project: the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, the New York Academy of Medicine, the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, the University of California at San Francisco, and the University of Maryland. Our goal is to make between 3500 and 4000 volumes of state medical journals available to researchers through the Internet Archive. In the interest of having a defined body of material, the grant partners decided to digitize the primary publication of a state medical society as their “journal,” discounting, for the time being, publications like newsletters or bulletins, which the Medical Heritage Library hopes to include in a future project. Preliminary steps in the grant process included carrying out lengthy work in each partner institution’s journal stacks, checking the condition of each volume before individual titles could be claimed for

digitization by an institution. With over 3500 volumes, just checking to see what could be digitized took a while! Partners sent journals to several Internet Archive scanning centers, where actual digitization began in October, 2015. The Medical Heritage Library is pleased to announce that over 450 volumes are now available in our collection archive.org/details/medicalheritagelibrary with more coming online every week. The Office of NIH History is in the process of digitizing and cataloguing a collection of photographs donated by Dr. Mortimer Mishkin, Chief of the Section on Cognitive Neuroscience in the Laboratory of Neuropsychology, at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The photos date from the late 1950s-early 1980s, and depict meetings and conferences as well as surgery and animal care. Also represented are some lively parties. The most interesting photos in the collection, however, are portraits of personnel in the Laboratory of Neuropsychology and the Laboratory of Animal Medicine. Beginning around 1981, photos were taken of everyone associated with the labs, from senior scientists to postdocs to administrative staff to animal caretakers to housekeeping staff. The administrative, housekeeping, and technical staff are often overlooked in the historical record, so these photos serve as a reminder of all the people who work to keep a laboratory humming. Some of the photos were used in Dr. Ingrid Farreras’ 2004 book Mind, Brain, Body, and Behavior: Foundations of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research at the National Institutes of Health. The book is available online at history.nih.gov/ research/downloads/MBBB.pdf. The photos will be catalogued and uploaded to the Office of NIH History’s webpage history.nih.gov.

News from the National Library of Medicine NIH-supported scientists have made over 300,000 author manuscripts available on PubMed Central (PMC) since 2008. Now, NIH is making these papers accessible to the public in a format that will allow robust text analyses. You can download the entire PMC collection of NIH-supported author

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manuscripts as a package in either XML or plain text format. The collection will encompass all NIH manuscripts posted to PMC since July 2008. While the public can access full text articles and accompanying figures, tables, and multimedia on the PMC website, the newly available article packages include full text only, in a form that facilitates text mining. For more information see www.nchi.nlm.gov/pmc/about/mscollection.

News from the Wellcome Library

Robina Addis’s pioneering work in child guidance and mental health puts her at the forefront of psychiatric social work in Britain in the interwar years and beyond. Her papers are now available online as part of the Wellcome Library’s mental health archives digitisation project: wellcomelibrary.org/collections/digital-collections/mental-healthcare/robina-addis/.

A new volume of Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine is freely available to download at the History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group website: The Development of Waste Management in the UK c.1960–c.2000 www.histmodbiomed.org/witsemvol56. The maintenance of public health relies on effective management of domestic and industrial waste. Waste management is therefore implicitly an issue of concern to all.A Witness Seminar on developments in the waste management industry and the production of waste in the UK since the 1960s, with a particular focus on London. The volume includes testimonies from former refuse collectors, senior municipal waste managers, policy makers and academics. Chaired by Dame Joan Ruddock with an introduction by Councillor Lewis Herbert.

Report of the Nominating Committee for 2015

The AAHM Nominating Committee is delighted to present this excellent slate of candidates for the positions of President, Vice-President, and four members of Council:for circulation in advance to the AAHM membership through the NewsLetter and for voting at the next Business Meeting on Saturday, April 30, 2016 at 5:15 pm in Minneapolis, MN. President: Christopher Crenner (two-year term) Vice President: Susan Lederer (two-year term) Council Members (three year terms beginning after the 2016 annual meeting)

Stephen T. Casper Alan Kraut Shelley McKellar Lisa Pruitt

Respectfully submitted and with our gratitude to all the nominees for their willingness to continue to serve AAHM in this way.

Michael Flannery, Wendy Kline, and Jacalyn Duffin (Chair)

Department of History and Philosophy of Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 1025 3901 Rainbow Boulevard Kansas City, KS 66160

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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE, INC.