islam as a civilization

8/3/2019 Islam as a Civilization

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ISLAM AS A CIVILIZATION

The Concept of Civilization

Islamic Civilization:

The CharacteristicsThe Sources

The Uniqueness

The Rise & Fall Factors


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Definition

Latin wordcivitas: city / town

culture & material development

In Arabic civilization / tamadun derive from the word

din which means religion or a life that based onreligious teaching

Always refers to a state of life where mankind aredeveloped in thinking, action, culture and material.


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The Concept of Civilization

Civilization: An advanced state of human society,in which a high level of culture, science, industryand government has been reached.

A civilization is a society or culture group normallydefined as a complex society characterized by the:

- practice of agriculture

- settlement in towns

- members of a civilization are commonly organizedinto a diverse division of labor and a complex socialhierarchy


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COMPARISON

Unity of knowledge Islamas the fundamental

Specialization impossibleto master all knowledge

Ibn Sina memorize al-Quran at 10 & becamedoctor at 16, master all fieldsof knowledge at 18

Scholars that specialize inone field of knowledge

Spiritual aspect tauhid Separation of spiritualaspect

Integration of revelation andknowledge

Base on human reason- Noneed for revelation

ISLAMIC WESTERN


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Islamic Civilization

Islamic civilization is based on unity which stands

completely against any racial or ethnic discrimination.

Emphasize on physical and spiritual development.

Produced Muslim community that has:- right concept of belief.- organized and systematic lifestyle.- sense of responsibility as Allahs caliph in this world.- right understanding on their purpose of life.


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The Basic Concepts of IslamicCivilization

1. Human Concept

Human concept revolves around 3 questions:

- from where did we come?

- why are we here?- where will we go?

The answers for these questions determine the direction

and the formation of the civilization itself.


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2. Community Concept

i. Right to liveii. Right for freedomiii. Dignity and personal rightsiv. Right to think and giving opinion

v. Right of equalityvi. Justice

3. History ConceptIn Islamic civilization, history has been made as amechanism for guidance and example.The example that is derived from the history is veryimportant as guidance in our daily life.


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The Aims of Islamic Civilization

To produce human who has right concept ofbelief, that is believe to the power of Allah only.

To produce human who has organized and

systematic lifestyle suitable with any placesand at any time.

To produce responsible mankind as Allahs

caliph in this world.

To create mankind who know who they are andknow what are their aims of life.


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The Characteristics

UniversalIslamic civilization is suitable for all kind of peopleregardless of race, skin color, language or nationality.

Islamic civilization can be seen anywhere in the world.

Liberal

Islamic civilization is not rigid.

It has been fixed according to syariah but developed in-line with changing of time.

It accepts other civilizations as long as they are notcontradicting with syariah.


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Continuously and Forever

The development of Islamic civilization began with first revelation andstill developing until present.

It is not limited by any geographical or time boundaries.

Tolerate to Other Religions and Cultures

Non-Muslim community under Islamic civilizations development areallowed to practice their own religions and lifestyles.

Muslims are required to maintain good relationship with them.

Unity in Variety

Unity in mankinds belief that Allah is the only God.

Any form of development and achievement in Islamic civilization are

based on unity of Islamic aqidah.Any new discoveries and inventions must be returned to AllahAlmighty.


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The SourcesAl-Quran

Allahs words which was revealed in Arabic to Prophet

Muhammad with lafaz and meanings and it is immutable.It consists of 114 chapters and not less than 6,000 verses.Contains the foundations for entire system of life, covering awhole spectrum of issues.

Al-SunnahAl-Sunnah means to pave the way or make a path easily passable.Technically it refers to anything narrated or related to the ProphetMuhammad, authentically traced to him regarding his speech, actions,traits and silent approvals.It is second source of Islamic jurisprudence.

The backbone of Islamic civilization is the principle or foundation thatwas stated in the Al-Quran and explained in detail by al-Sunnah.


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Heritage Greek: scientific works translated to Arabic

India: math, astronomy & medicine

Persian: science

China: paper production


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Al-Sunnah

Speeches

Actions

Silent Approvals

Traits

Prophet loved to do

everything starting withthe right side

(Aishah)

Actions arejudged by theirintentions

(Prophet)

Prophets

complexion andthe rest of his

physical features

His not opposingor minding of theactions or sayings

of his

Companions.


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The Uniqueness

Religion based

Create civilized human

Based on al-Ummahconcept

Knowledge based on al-Quran and al-Sunnah


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The Rise & Glory of IslamicCivilization

Clash between Greek & Islamic Civilization in Middle East Alexander the Great brought in scholars Iskandariah fell under Islamic territory

Muslim learned from Greek civilization and instill it with Islam

Translation Activity Greek to Arabic Umayyah & Abasiyyah period

Establishment of Educational Institution

Bayt al-Hikmah & Dar al-Hikmah for translation activity & scholarsmeeting Schools & universities Libraries Laboratories


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Encouragement to Scientist

Research

Salary, accommodation, room for research

Economy

Agriculture

Industries ceramic

Trading


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Fall Factors

political mismanagement after the early Caliphs (10thcentury onwards)

closure of the gates of ijtihad (12th century)

institutionalisation of taqlid rather than bid'ah (13th century)

foreign involvement by invading forces and colonial powers(11th century Crusades, 13th century Mongol Empire, 15thcentury Reconquista, 19th century European colonialempires

the disruption to the cycle of equity based on Ibn Khaldun'sfamous model of Asabiyyah (the rise and fall of civilizations)which points to the decline being mainly due to political andeconomic factors


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CONCLUSION

Civilization in Islam does not only stress onphysical development but also on spiritual

development. This will ensure that Muslims are

balance externally and internally. Muslims muststick to the Quran and the Sunnah as their main

guidance to bring back the glorious era of Islamas what have been done by the Prophet (pbuh)

and the previous generations.

islam as a civilization

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