is sister jvear-saint clever swindler? · xew-york datly trtrrxe, sfvday. jtxe 12. 1010. is sister...

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XEW-YORK DATLY TRTRrXE, SFVDAY. JTXE 12. 1010. Is Sister Candide a JVear-Saint or a Clever Swindler? TitbUc Opinion in France Di-Vided O-Ver This Extraordinary Woman and Her Many WorKs for Charity. ONE OF "SISTER CANDIDE'S" EN- TERPRISES. This hotel of San Salvador, near Tou lon, she erected with the intention o making it a resort of fashionable tour ists. and asked the government t( authorize the maintenance or a gany bling casino in connection with it. Thu step is counted her first blunder, foi it served to call attention to her bust ness methods. The government refuse* her request. THE FACADE OF THE SANATORIUM OF ORMESSON. Another of "Sister Candide's" establishments. DR. LEON PETIT. His suicide led to the arrest of "Sister Candide/' He was the secretary gen- eral of her charitable organization. "SISTER CANDIDE" WAITING Qpm A SICK CHILD. It was asserted that in the course of the eighteen years since the first of her institutions was established more than $s.fiOo,<>o<> had passed through her hands. It was further asserted that her institutions had never cost her more than $40,000 a year for maintenance. The qufstion was asked, '"What has be- come of over $4,800,000 which was not required for 'maintenance 0 " This ques- tion has not been definitely answered, although it has been reported that she pent large sums to the Vatican. is;r>re her arrest it has been declared by the French ecclesiastical authorities that Mile Forestier. or "Fister Candide." newf took the vows of a nun Her downfall is credited by some of her friends in part to her inability through her excessive kindliness of heart to pay "no" to any penniless stranger Bfho sought entertainment in the old mediaeval fashion at one of her hospices and in part to her belief that some miracle w °uld save her from the conse- quences of a la<~k of balance between the two sides of her lfdeer. her organization, the Nuns of Ormesson. and her chief coadjutor, committed sui- cide, accusing "Sister Candide" of bring- ing ruin upon all associated with Jier. and leaving documents wh!~h have been described as particularly injurious to her record. CARELESS ABOUT SIGNATURE. Perhaps it was the ease with which she was able to obtain the financial as- sist anor of others which made her care- less regarding the use of her signature. for some say that she would affx it to almost any document which was thrust before her What have been the faults and imprudences, her friends ask. that have brought this woman, renowned for her firm faith In religion, her initiative in charitable work and personal disin- terestedness, to the pass of arrest on a charge of larceny? How are the contradictory known facts to be reconciled with her previous ap- parently sincere character? Is it simply that a great desire to benefit sick and needy children was not matched by the ability to manage the financial end of her scheme? Or was she the dupe of others? Or has she belied her character? It remains for the investigation of her career to answer these questions. It is hinted that the names of prominent per- sons are connected with this curious scandal, a scandal which has created in France quite as profound an impression as that of the liquidation of the unau- thorized congregations. The investiga- tion is now in progress. Apparently little is known about the early life of Mile. Forestier, the correct name of "Sister Candide." In her earlier years she was in a convent of the Order of St. Anre, from which she passed to organize her work for tuberculous chil- dren. While a novice in the convent she S "Sister Candtde" only ' another I Mine, Humbert or Mrs. Cassie ' Chadwick. a swindler of the most adroit kind? Or is she a psychological *ni§Tna? Is this French woman of peas- ant .origin, garbed in the Pimple habit of the -Order of St. Anne, the victim of ovcfambltious schemes for helping th? needy. or did she obtain with fraudu- lent motives her support from ex-Presi- dent Loubet. her decoration of the I^s^cn of Honor and the millions of dol- lars which have passed through her lands. This short, robust, imperious, keen, black-eyed woman has attracted the attention of French psychologists and writers by the mysteries and con- tradictions presented in her career. A woman. apparently of much moral lorc,e, she worked in the BjoflK of a nun in a very real way for the benefit of tuberculous children. Through some un- explained power she was abl* to inter- est men of the highest names in France In her plans. Money was showered upon her in legacies as well as by the hands at the living. She inspired such confi- dence in her philanthropic enterprises that she was enabled to win favors from the national government and. It is reported also, the sympathy of the Church at Rome. No enterprise seemed too great for her to undertake. Such was the belief in the value of her charitable work that she was decorated with th» ribbon of the Legion of Honor of her country, and there was no thought of anything wr>»ng in the meth- ods of raising money which she adopted, although in America they would have seemed incompatible with the nature of the cause. There was no question of her right to wear the garb of a nun. and the lotteries which she was permitted to conduct were especially popular. Every- body accepted her and her enterprises at their face value, and assumed that her motives and personal character were of a nature which sanctified her »chemes. She was admired by all who knew of her efficient work for sick chil- dren JEWELLERS GOT ANXIOUS. Suddenly she was asked by Parisian Jewellers to return Jewelry which they had permitted her to take on the strength of a statement that she could dispose of it to wealthy friends and gain commissions that would assist her in the- support of her work. She failed to respond satisfactorily to their demands. aad it was found that not only had the jewelry been pawned for nearly its en- tire value in London and the pawn tickets sold to speculators, but. for some reason which is not clear, she had not the money which the jewels and tickets had brought. When questioned she re- fused to explain this mystery or to give the, names of friends supposed to be connected with the matter. Then Dr. Leon Petit, a well known physician, who was secretary general of Her latest scheme for raising money. respect. It is now stated that a super- visor of charity and public hygiene, named Monod, attached to the Ministry of the Interior, was decapitated politic- ally because of his energy- in examining the methods of "Sister Candide." Her attitude toward publicity was ex- hibited also in an incident connected •with the acceptance of one of the many legacies which poured in upon her at one period of her career. The government, at the suggestion of M. Monod. and be- cause the circumstances were such that it could not do otherwise, declined to allow her to accept a certain legacy un- less she permitted her accounts to be scrutinized. This, Dr. Petit, the secre- tary general of her organization, and in charge of the books, refused to accede to, he and "Sister Candide" apparently preferring to sacrifice the legacy. She would not open her books to the authorities of the Catholic Church, in whose garb she was conducting her work, refusing entrance some months ago to an emissary of the Archbishop to her Institution in the Rue de la Pompe Passy, Paris. It was not used as a hotel, however, for Mile, Forestier in connection with It made her first blunder. Apparently with the intention of making It a source of revenue for her work, she attempted to turn the attractive spot Into a fash- ionable resort. She asked the govern- ment to authorize the establishment of a gambling casino in connection with it. The government refused. This venture SOME OF HER INSTITUTIONS. At Ormesson was established a sana- torium for children suffering with tuber- culosis. There was also another at Vil- liers-sur-Marne, with a large branch dispensary. These institutions were so besieged with patients that all could not be attended to by the physicians or cared for in the sanatorlums. Dr. Petit devoted a large sum to the establish- ment of a paying sanatorium near Hyexes, which was styled Mont-dcs- Oiseaux. This was offered later to the Red Cross. In the neighborhood of Tou- lon, at San Salvador, was the chateau of Edrqond Magnier, an old Senator. This was acquired, and by Its side was erected a sumptuous structure, intended as a hotel for tourists. and domineering temper. She did not, as has been said, take permanent vows, but upon leaving the convent continued to wear the habit of the order. The or- ganization which she formed eighteen years ago ehe styled the Nuns of Ormes- pon. Associated with her from the first was Dr. Petit. Together they developed the large charitable work for which, ostensibly, "Sister Candide" raised the money. whatever the purpose f^r which It was desired, was that described as selling jewelry to wealthy patrons who were willing to contribute to her work in the form of commissions. Having confidence ,in her because of her reputation and her backing, jewellers lent her gems said to have been valued, all told, at approxi- mately $200,000. This jewelry was, aa related, pawned and the tickets after- ward sold to speculators. As neither the jewelry nor the money for it had been received in the period within which "Sister Candide" had promised to report, a quiet investigation ' had been begun when Dr. Petit conajk ted suicide. Be left papers in wJUciij declared himself innocent of -iywsje>. doing, and charged that the nua tai sown death and ruin around him. m said he had chosen to end life no* than face the suspicions of the p-j^J Among his papers were found pan* ; labelled "proof of misappropriation' aj "proof of theft." This act of her coadjutor brought aau ters to a head, and "Sister Candidas* arrested, protesting her- innocence of a) wrongdoing. In court she said that had passed the gems to friends wbei identity she would not disclose, aadtbs she would soon return the Jewels «roj money. An examination of the books of!> institutions shows receipts of aks] $3,000,000, and a deficit of about Mb 000. Her real estate is heavily am gaged. The assets are placed at Sad. 000, while the liabilities are $1.600.<XG In the mean time many questions re- garding the affairs of the woman despite many strange actions, has be*, able to hold the confidence of Thai for nearly a score of years, reman % be answered. The illustrations of some of "S» Candide's" enterprises are from "Mid tration." \ was noted for her headstrong nature Method of Gripping the Golf Club /a- ExJer an Interesting A suspicious fact in her career has been her dislike of publicity of her finan- cial affairs. The protection which was atorded by the high character of her patrons for a time served her in this LOTTERIES PROVED COSTLY. The beginning of her financial mis- fortunes is believed to have been the lotteries -which the government author- ized her to open for the production of funds to carry on her work. While these lotteries were very popular, owing to the favor in which her work was held, and millions of francs passed through her hands as a result. It was generally believed that they did not yield the funds necessary to meet the heavy ex- penditures. This has been credited to "Sister Candide's" lack of business abil- ity. As time passed she engaged in other enterprises, some of which have been characterized as "foolish ventures." in- volving a waste of immense sums of money. She is said to have invested in patent medicine undertakings. Recently It was discovered that she had placed In country towns a hundred slot ma- chines for which no payment had been made. These are reported to have brought in a large revenue. She pub- lished a Email magazine called "The Welfare of the Little Ones," and is de- clared to have been interested in a theatrical project. An old convent on the Rue de la Pompe. Passy. in Paris, was also opened as a sanatorium. These various institutions were expensive to operate, and the re- sults were not all that were hoped for. She won for her cause many friends high in the social life of France. Ex- President Loubet was the honorary head of the sanatorium at Ormesson. M. Casimir-Perier, another ex-President of France, showed his Interest by presiding; at a meeting of the patrons of another of her philanthropic enterprises, while M. Waldeck- Rousseau, as Premier, be- stowed upon her the red ribbon of the Legion of Honor. first aroused a suspicion as to her busi- ness methods and the real condition of her financial affairs, was turned into a thermal establishment and sanatorium for children. The decision regarding the advantage, or Otherwise, of employing an overlapping or interlocking grip must be made by each player for himself. One word of warning n;ay bo given, however, for to be used successfully these grips require that the fingers should not be short and that they should be fairly strong besides. Otherwise such grips are tetter let alone. The position of the thumbs is a vexed question. The orthodox plan is. of course, to have them across the shaft, and some believe that this affords the test chance of getting a free and even swing. On the other hand, playing with the thumbs held down the shaft makes It easier for the unpractised golfer to aim with accuracy, and it also prevents the tendency to let the club swing out. Possibly, too. It is of as- sistance in keeping the club held square to the line, so that there is less chance of a pull or a slice. The club ought to swing from the player's shoulders; there should be no obvious break in the unity of the motion at the point vhere the human part of the pendulum— the arm— ends and the clu> begins. This unity Is much more likely t3 be preserved when the club is hung lightly in the grip of the fingers, lying across their roots, than when the club Is grasped in the palm of the hand. Moreover, when ike shaft is held In the palms, there is greater encour- agement for the player to force with one hand or the other. nearly horizontal as the pace is increased. The golf club has a similar tendency to swing out when it is not grasped with suf- ficient firmness to hold it on its proper track. I ratljer think it is for this reason that go'.fers often display a tendency to pull their shots v.-hen tired out toward the end of a days sport. The grip should al- ways be reasonat ly tight to keep the club steady. *\u25a0 ' By C. P. PnlT^i-. t CHAPTER VIII. Vhile every phase of the game of golf is none into more- or less minutely by the I devotee at some time or other of Ms or her j career, the manner of gripping the club j probably ha* had and will continue to . claim more than Us share of attention, j This trait was called forcibly to mind in . *th* course of th* recent women's metro- politan championship at Mont-lair. 'I've fo-jnd out my trouble; it's going! better now since I changed to the Sargent : grip," remarked one. "Why. I couldn't hit the ball a little bit ! if I held the club that \u25a0way." chimed in an- j ether, and bo It went, nearly every one hay- | Ins: a different idea. Unquestionably, this is one of the most ; Important of the many pcsplexfns golf j problems, and one of the foremost of the j amateurs in this country does not hesitate ; to. say that on the proper grip depends the j soe?«s or failure of the golfer. Attention j is railed to the fact that Walter J. Travis, ] former national and metropolitan champion. \ has a peculiarity in Ms grip in that he i holds the chib with the hands turned as far \u25a0 around that the palms are facing upward. I Tet.on the other hand, several professionals recommend the habit of keeping the hands «"eJI ever the shaft, with the paims facing downward This Is popularly supposed to be a specific against slicing, but there are players who slice just as valiantly with that grip as any other. Ecth of these fashions go to the extremes, j ar."3 a beginner should not have either set before him or her as tn example. The first : essential of a good grip is that it should '. fe»l comfortable and natural, because only ! then Is it possible to play with the free. and \ easy swing which make? for the b»st <lriv- j in». la deciding whet, is natural and com- fortabie, every man must be a law unto Umsetf, but there are certain general con- ditions which all in common must observe. Two main requirements invite attention— T he prip must be such as to enable the club to swine Credy. and it must also be such that when the stroke is made the club is brought back to the same position it oc- cupied vrhea addressing the ball. It is therefore essential that the hands shoald be evenly balanced. If one be held much further arDund the shaft than the the. tendency will be for them to force a v.v<re equable distribution during the making of the stroke, and the shaft wi'.l be turned around so that the ball is rrot with the club face turned up or turned lowii. r:= the ca^e may be. In either case a n-ii.--hit would be the result. f this it is well in addressing U to sr-e that th,e head of the club iare t<-> the. ball, and is not simply to appear no through the grip being twisted to accommodate it. The wrist will _ I itself as the swing is being made, and the club will return to the posi- tion appropriate to the way In which It is held. The test is that the face should lie straight behind the ball when the hands holding the club are allowed to hang nat- ural iv. Common sense, moreover, should suggest that the hands be held as close together as possible, su that the club may pwing with perfect freedom. It should be held firmly. but not tightly. The pressure of the grip should lie enouph to insure absolute con- trol of the club's direction, without exer- cising any cramping or restraining effect upon the force of the swinp Every one knows that when a stone is tied to th" end of a string and swur.? per.t.y so that :t moves around in a circle, In the arrangement which mathematicians call a "toontcal pendulum." the tendency is for the Mnng to become more and more HIS MISTAKE. Edward What dp you think I carry in my watch case, darling? It is always the stamp of your last letter. Your lips have touched it, and mine often kiss the place where ycurs have been. Angelina Oh, Edward! I'm awfully sorry; but I always use Fidos damp nose! IHu'trsted Bitfi "Myrtle, has gone upon the vaudeville Mage and has made an Instant h ; t because of tier darinp." "What Is her act?" "She sings In a cage of micV—Lippln- cott's. Possibly it matters little with most of us whether we have the palm or finger I grip: whether the thumbs are down or over. We generally manage to get off the line, just the same. It was while play- ing the "trouble" hole at Atlantic City recently that an amateur, who was ex- perimenting with a new grip, sliced his ball out of bounds into a clover patch. His account of subsequent events follows: "Just as I got over the fence a feminine voice greeted me: 'Get, right out of here.' I removed my hat. and, making my obel- cance, said: 'Madam, you see before you a man In very poor health, who has been ordered by his physician to play golf. It isn't a very good ball, but it la the best I have, and I admit frankly the stroke was a poor one I've got to play the round and there are no other balls to he had.' "Well," paid the woman. 'I wish these golfers were In hell, for they are destroying this clover patch. You don't look sick, but you're a gentleman, so I'll help you nn.l it ' And down on her knees she got, and we finally found the lost ball." THE OVERLAPPING GRIP. A. W. Tilling^ast. former Philadelphia champion, using it for his favorite approach. PALM AND FINGER GRIP. F. R. Upton, jr., one of the foremost Naw Jersey golfers, uiinjj the former with left hand and the latter with right hand at finiih of driv«. KJHing a Christian J"iot Murder if Slayer Is Moslem, Says Grand Mufti J\ir, 'Roosevelt's Criticisms in Cairo Seem CTc B<? Justified. (Copyright, 1910. by the Brentwood Company.) j Murder is no crime, in the eyes of Islam, when the slayer is a Moslem and i his victim an unbeliever that is to say, a Christian, a Jew, a Parsee. or a Buddh- ist. This doctrine, familiar to those who have lived for any length of time in Mahometan countries independent of foreign control, but which has hitherto been generally ignored, not only here in the United States and in Western Europe, but even in British India and in | Egypt, has been brought into prominence i within the last two weeks by the refusal of the Grand Mufti at Cairo to approve the capital sentence passed upon War- dani, the assassin of Prime Minister Boutros Pacha, on the ground that a j Moslem cannot be put to death for kill- ing a Christian. The Grand Mufti also gave two other reasons for his attitude, both of them of a childish character. One of them was to the effect that there is no mention of revolvers in the Koran, or in that Cheriat I law which is based on the Holy Writ of Islam the Chfriat dating back to the eighth century and consequently that any Moslem making use of a revolver to j wound or murder is guiltless of any I crime known to the sacred law. The third argument of the Grand Mufti was that the relatives of Boutros Pacha had j failed to appear at the trial as prose- cutors. Dismissing the two latter reasons as ' puerile, the first of the three put for- ! ward by the Grand Mufti in behalf of his refusal to sanction the sentence passed by the native courts at Cairo' I upon Wardani. is one that invites very ' serious consideration. For the Grand Muftiis the divine whose interpretations i of Koranic and Cher in t law, as applied I | to the questions of the day, are final. \ He is a magnate of whose spiritual au- thority the temporal rulers of the coun- try must take account. Despotic khe- dives, and even the most powerful sul- tans, have been compelled to submit to his yoke. When Suleiman the Magnificent, per- haps the grandest of all Ottoman rulers, demanded of Grand Mufti Abu Baood a fetwa declaring it lawful to put to death all the inhabitants of conquered Euro- i pean provinces who refused to embrace the faith of Islam, the Grand Mufti de- ! clined to comply. Again, when Abbas I of Egypt, the most saturnine, fanatic and cruel tyrant who ever held sway at Cairo, attempted to exile the Grand \u25a0 Mufti Sheikh-el-Abbast to the Soudan i for refusing to issue a fetwa empowering I him. Abbas, to ratify sentences of death passed on Moslems, there was so great a disturbance among all true believers throughout the land of the Nile that the Viceroy was not only prevented from ! putting into execution his decree of ban- i-shment against the Grand Mufti, but i even round it prudent to appease popular anger by loading him with honors. Lord Cromer in his book. "Modern Egypt," relates the difficulty which he < experienced when this self-same Grand , Mufti advocated as the most natural S> thing in the world the crucifixion of ; criminals, in delicately impressing upon j him that "although the onward tramp ! of civilization rniirht be heard but faint- ly within the sacred precincts of the mosque, England was nevertheless standing without its 1 walls, and would be compelled to enforce a veto on any ! such act of extreme barbarism." Lord Cromer goes on to say that while he could do this, he could not do much more. He could not make "the Egyptian horse drink of the waters of civilization, albeit the most limpid streams of social ;and Juridical reform were turned Into ; the trough for him, if the Grand Mufti | condemned the act of drinking as impi- j ous. Popes and other ecclesiastical dignitaries have before now shown that they cannot be dragooned into submis- sion. Neither do the Grand Muftis fear red-coated soldiers. Moreover, they fear the wrath of the foreign press even less than they fear red coats." Now, Cairo, and not Constantinople, is the headquarters of Moslem ortho- doxy, and from its celebrated University of El Azhar, which occupies much the same relation to Islam that Oxford does to the Church of England, have gradu- ated for the past ten centuries- all thoa-» J teachers of Moslem doctrine who are responsible for the fact that to-day be- ! tween two hundred million and three hundred million of the human race are followers of the Prophet. The influence of the El Azhar University extends j throughout Africa and Asia, and even to j China, to the Dutch Indies and to the j Philippines, where the Mahometan population now subject to the rule of | the United States is sufficiently large I and influential to maintain a riwak. or ! settlement of students of its own. at i this university on the banks of the Nile. I When, therefore, the Grand Mufti of ' Egypt; thai is to say. the chief of the three great authorities of the El Azhar. the other two being the Rector and the Grand Cadi, takes upon himself to pro- claim the doctrine that the killing of a Christian or any other unbeliever by a Moslem is neither murder nor yet a crime, it is a matter for very serious re- j flection by all civilized powers such as ' the United States, which has millions of Moslems subject to its rule. For there is no doubt whatsoever that every devout Mahometan, not only l in Egypt but throughout the length and breadth of Africa. In the European and Asiatic provinces of Ike Ottoman Em- pire, in the British and Dutch East Indies and in the Philippines, will lake the lesson of th« Grand Mufti to heart will regard his utterance about the mat- tor as inspired and at the Infallible in- terpretation of the sacred law, and when | the English compel the execution of Tlarrtani w,n ,, ook0 ok upon the latter in the light of a martyr. In discus-::- the demand now made enthusiastic about tb! *' *" W ' Were h«»n~ « the rpforms which . "• b6tnS ln^«»rat d by hi , govern- i ment in the code and in the poMM : the judiciary. But when he was whether the reforms in question ass comprise the introduction of a **1 I Justice common alike to Mosls* 1^ i Christian and to Jew, and which rsi \u25a0, j place them all on an equal footii*sj| j endow them with the same rights** j eyes of the law. he paused for * * ment. with no attempt to cones* 1 i| horror and distaste at the tare ne£ of the proposal, and finally replied decidedly and categorically: "TMI an eventuality which it is fapcsC* for a Moslem even to I \u25a0•*\u25a0\u25a0 ft ' idea would never occur to his." ] The action of the Grand igßi Egypt in virtually legalizing : "* B *j I of Christians by Moslems and tiis » ! mark of the Turkish Minister of 130 iat Stamboul which I have jast «=** constitute additional arguments ta* l contained in my letter, published b*> icolumns on May S last, against fir* ;linquishment by the United S»» > any of the ex-terrltoria! rights *\u25a0\u25a0 enjoys in the Sultana dominies* £ against any compliance wi& *-« rmnds of the Porte. Neither Americans nor asy otiC "l eigners can ever hope or expect 'rights equalling those of W^^ [countries where ; h»metaai» » i state religion, and where the law l " j land is based on the Koran. . I It is a law which consists °'* \l,| ins of the scriptures of Isiaa reported teachings of the * >n *T^sl is incapable of modification so «« I the Moslem faith endures. *Vff§B elasticity, does rot take i"" *^~j3 changes wliich the world has during the last twelve hundrtd %^.£i|j as we have stcn above, of t3eC^§j of revolvers— and is in every *-\u25a0 R 'tfee word a relic of b^" bar!s!3 -^tfi law which, according to its !sy " aa j»j.|| ponent. the Grand Mufti. * rt!oS *_, f *)M !ty is regarded as final tW^ig Moslem world, holds that £» --.I Christians by Moslems 13 *J-^r|| and which in these rnoder L!^' es»s | X cording to Lord Oromer, adv^ fts j#ii«| deterrent punishment the fris- I by crucifixion! ' fill aPM Some of the most infl«"*L*| hometan societies, as. for ln r7* r?1 rHK of the Senous?i. which may **/ '^ M as the Moilem counterplot of tian Order of Jesuits, not oe -^tfig th? murder of Christians, bo vocate.lt in th? most open nlshed fashion, teaching that #il| of an unbeliever is pleasing » {.J of Allah and of his Fropb«t_ ir> It is this condition cf 3'3 '* au " gpm existence of these ""^Jt^-K that have rendered It so h r «*4 United States and for o* B - tW^Sal powers to obtain re**** "^d^B ish authorities for the deSt^j r f s?m and property of any of '' ati^^M who may happen to have be»_ 6»JB or residing within the '"''^T^l^B Ottoman Kmpire. and if g.at'J have taken place for the P^ j»<f| Pfaslng foreign ans« th °!! ll0 ,r» *R met with death on the V wh jj»^R rarely ton the real culpn^ ** *\u25a0 grounds have been r^ r ' v**v '** ***H execution than the mere l JH£ of a Christian. , vtti^ ilf -v

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Page 1: Is Sister JVear-Saint Clever Swindler? · XEW-YORK DATLY TRTRrXE, SFVDAY. JTXE 12. 1010. Is Sister Candide a JVear-Saint or a Clever Swindler? TitbUc Opinion in France Di-Vided O-Ver

XEW-YORK DATLY TRTRrXE, SFVDAY. JTXE 12. 1010.

Is Sister Candide a JVear-Saint or a Clever Swindler?TitbUc Opinion in France Di-Vided O-Ver

This Extraordinary Woman and HerMany WorKs for Charity.

ONE OF "SISTER CANDIDE'S" EN-TERPRISES.

This hotel of San Salvador, near Toulon, she erected with the intention omaking it a resort of fashionable tour

ists. and asked the government t(

authorize the maintenance or a ganyblingcasino in connection with it. Thustep is counted her first blunder, foi

it served to call attention to her bustness methods. The government refuse*her request.

THE FACADE OF THE SANATORIUM OF ORMESSON.Another of "Sister Candide's" establishments.

DR. LEON PETIT.His suicide led to the arrest of "Sister

Candide/' He was the secretary gen-eral of her charitable organization.

"SISTER CANDIDE" WAITING QpmA SICK CHILD.

It was asserted that in the course ofthe eighteen years since the first of herinstitutions was established more than$s.fiOo,<>o<> had passed through herhands. It was further asserted that herinstitutions had never cost her more

than $40,000 a year for maintenance.The qufstion was asked, '"What has be-come of over $4,800,000 which was not

required for 'maintenance 0"

This ques-tion has not been definitely answered,

although it has been reported that shepent large sums to the Vatican.

is;r>re her arrest it has been declaredby the French ecclesiastical authoritiesthat Mile Forestier. or "Fister Candide."newf took the vows of a nun

Her downfall is credited by some ofher friends in part to her inability

through her excessive kindliness of heartto pay "no" to any penniless stranger

Bfho sought entertainment in the oldmediaeval fashion at one of her hospices

and in part to her belief that somemiracle w°uld save her from the conse-

quences of a la<~k of balance between thetwo sides of her lfdeer.

her organization, the Nuns of Ormesson.and her chief coadjutor, committed sui-cide, accusing "Sister Candide" of bring-

ing ruin upon all associated with Jier.and leaving documents wh!~h have beendescribed as particularly injurious to

her record.

CARELESS ABOUT SIGNATURE.Perhaps it was the ease with which

she was able to obtain the financial as-sist anor of others which made her care-less regarding the use of her signature.

for some say that she would affx it toalmost any document which was thrustbefore her What have been the faults

and imprudences, her friends ask. thathave brought this woman, renowned forher firm faith In religion, her initiativein charitable work and personal disin-terestedness, to the pass of arrest on acharge of larceny?

How are the contradictory known factsto be reconciled with her previous ap-parently sincere character? Is it simply

that a great desire to benefit sick andneedy children was not matched by theability to manage the financial end ofher scheme? Or was she the dupe ofothers? Or has she belied her character?It remains for the investigation of her

career to answer these questions. Itishinted that the names of prominent per-sons are connected with this curiousscandal, a scandal which has created inFrance quite as profound an impression

as that of the liquidation of the unau-thorized congregations. The investiga-

tion is now in progress.Apparently little is known about the

early life of Mile. Forestier, the correctname of "Sister Candide." Inher earlieryears she was in a convent of the Orderof St. Anre, from which she passed toorganize her work for tuberculous chil-dren. While a novice in the convent she

S "Sister Candtde" only'

another

IMine, Humbert or Mrs. Cassie' Chadwick. a swindler of the most

adroit kind? Or is she a psychological*ni§Tna? Is this French woman of peas-

ant .origin, garbed in the Pimple habit of

the -Order of St. Anne, the victim of

ovcfambltious schemes for helping th?needy. or did she obtain with fraudu-

lent motives her support from ex-Presi-

dent Loubet. her decoration of the

I^s^cn of Honor and the millions of dol-

lars which have passed through her

lands. This short, robust, imperious,

keen, black-eyed woman has attractedthe attention of French psychologists

and writers by the mysteries and con-

tradictions presented in her career.A woman. apparently of much moral

lorc,e, she worked in the BjoflKof a nun

in a very real way for the benefit of

tuberculous children. Through some un-explained power she was abl* to inter-

est men of the highest names in FranceIn her plans. Money was showered upon

her in legacies as well as by the hands

at the living. She inspired such confi-dence in her philanthropic enterprises

that she was enabled to win favorsfrom the national government and. It isreported also, the sympathy of the

Church at Rome. No enterprise seemedtoo great for her to undertake.

Such was the belief in the value of hercharitable work that she was decoratedwith th» ribbon of the Legion of Honor

of her country, and there was no

thought of anything wr>»ng in the meth-ods of raising money which she adopted,although in America they would haveseemed incompatible with the nature ofthe cause. There was no question of herright to wear the garb of a nun. and thelotteries which she was permitted to

conduct were especially popular. Every-

body accepted her and her enterprises

at their face value, and assumed thather motives and personal character wereof a nature which sanctified her»chemes. She was admired by all whoknew of her efficient work for sick chil-

drenJEWELLERS GOT ANXIOUS.

Suddenly she was asked by ParisianJewellers to return Jewelry which they

had permitted her to take on thestrength of a statement that she coulddispose of it to wealthy friends and gain

commissions that would assist her inthe- support of her work. She failed torespond satisfactorily to their demands.aad it was found that not only had thejewelry been pawned for nearly its en-tire value in London and the pawn

tickets sold to speculators, but. for somereason which is not clear, she had notthe money which the jewels and ticketshad brought. When questioned she re-fused to explain this mystery or to give

the, names of friends supposed to beconnected with the matter.

Then Dr. Leon Petit, a well knownphysician, who was secretary general of Her latest scheme for raising money.

respect. Itis now stated that a super-visor of charity and public hygiene,

named Monod, attached to the Ministry

of the Interior, was decapitated politic-

ally because of his energy- in examining

the methods of "Sister Candide."Her attitude toward publicity was ex-

hibited also in an incident connected•with the acceptance of one of the many

legacies which poured in upon her at oneperiod of her career. The government,at the suggestion of M. Monod. and be-cause the circumstances were such thatit could not do otherwise, declined toallow her to accept a certain legacy un-less she permitted her accounts to bescrutinized. This, Dr. Petit, the secre-tary general of her organization, and incharge of the books, refused to accedeto, he and "Sister Candide" apparentlypreferring to sacrifice the legacy.

She would not open her books to theauthorities of the Catholic Church, inwhose garb she was conducting herwork, refusing entrance some monthsago to an emissary of the Archbishop to

her Institution in the Rue de la PompePassy, Paris.

It was not used as a hotel, however,

for Mile, Forestier in connection with It

made her first blunder. Apparently

with the intention of making Ita sourceof revenue for her work, she attempted

to turn the attractive spot Into a fash-

ionable resort. She asked the govern-

ment to authorize the establishment of

a gambling casino in connection with it.

The government refused. This venture

SOME OF HER INSTITUTIONS.At Ormesson was established a sana-

torium for children suffering with tuber-culosis. There was also another at Vil-liers-sur-Marne, with a large branchdispensary. These institutions were sobesieged with patients that all could notbe attended to by the physicians or

cared for in the sanatorlums. Dr. Petitdevoted a large sum to the establish-

ment of a paying sanatorium nearHyexes, which was styled Mont-dcs-

Oiseaux. This was offered later to theRed Cross. In the neighborhood of Tou-lon, at San Salvador, was the chateau ofEdrqond Magnier, an old Senator. Thiswas acquired, and by Its side waserected a sumptuous structure, intendedas a hotel for tourists.

and domineering temper. She did not,

as has been said, take permanent vows,

but upon leaving the convent continued

to wear the habit of the order. The or-ganization which she formed eighteen

years ago ehe styled the Nuns of Ormes-pon. Associated with her from the firstwas Dr. Petit. Together they developed

the large charitable work for which,

ostensibly, "Sister Candide" raised themoney.

whatever the purpose f^r which It wasdesired, was that described as selling

jewelry to wealthy patrons who were

willingto contribute to her work in theform of commissions. Having confidence

,in her because of her reputation and herbacking, jewellers lent her gems said to

have been valued, all told, at approxi-

mately $200,000. This jewelry was, aarelated, pawned and the tickets after-ward sold to speculators.

As neither the jewelry nor the money

for it had been received in the period

within which "Sister Candide" hadpromised to report, a quiet investigation

'had been begun when Dr. Petit conajkted suicide. Be left papers in wJUciijdeclared himself innocent of -iywsje>.doing, and charged that the nua taisown death and ruin around him. msaid he had chosen to end life no*than face the suspicions of the p-j^JAmong his papers were found pan*

;labelled "proof of misappropriation' aj"proof of theft."

This act of her coadjutor brought aauters to a head, and "Sister Candidas*arrested, protesting her- innocence ofa)wrongdoing. In court she said thathad passed the gems to friends wbeiidentity she would not disclose, aadtbsshe would soon return the Jewels «rojmoney.

An examination of the books of!>institutions shows receipts of aks]$3,000,000, and a deficit of about Mb000. Her real estate is heavily amgaged. The assets are placed at Sad.000, while the liabilities are $1.600.<XG

In the mean time many questions re-

garding the affairs of the woman

despite many strange actions, has be*,

able to hold the confidence of Thai

for nearly a score of years, reman %be answered.

The illustrations of some of "S»Candide's" enterprises are from "Midtration." \was noted for her headstrong nature

Method of Gripping the Golf Club/a- ExJer an Interesting

A suspicious fact in her career hasbeen her dislike of publicityof her finan-cial affairs. The protection which wasatorded by the high character of herpatrons for a time served her in this

LOTTERIES PROVED COSTLY.The beginning of her financial mis-

fortunes is believed to have been thelotteries -which the government author-ized her to open for the production offunds to carry on her work. While theselotteries were very popular, owing to

the favor in which her work was held,

and millions of francs passed through

her hands as a result. It was generally

believed that they did not yield thefunds necessary to meet the heavy ex-penditures. This has been credited to"Sister Candide's" lack of business abil-ity. As time passed she engaged in otherenterprises, some of which have been

characterized as "foolish ventures." in-volving a waste of immense sums ofmoney. She is said to have invested inpatent medicine undertakings. Recently

It was discovered that she had placed

In country towns a hundred slot ma-

chines for which no payment had beenmade. These are reported to havebrought in a large revenue. She pub-

lished a Email magazine called "The

Welfare of the Little Ones," and is de-clared to have been interested in atheatrical project.

An old convent on the Rue de la Pompe.

Passy. in Paris, was also opened as a

sanatorium. These various institutionswere expensive to operate, and the re-

sults were not all that were hoped for.She won for her cause many friends

high in the social life of France. Ex-President Loubet was the honorary headof the sanatorium at Ormesson. M.Casimir-Perier, another ex-President ofFrance, showed his Interest by presiding;at a meeting of the patrons of anotherof her philanthropic enterprises, whileM. Waldeck- Rousseau, as Premier, be-stowed upon her the red ribbon of theLegion of Honor.

first aroused a suspicion as to her busi-ness methods and the real condition ofher financial affairs, was turned into

a thermal establishment and sanatoriumfor children.

The decision regarding the advantage, orOtherwise, of employing an overlapping orinterlocking grip must be made by eachplayer for himself. One word of warningn;ay bo given, however, for to be usedsuccessfully these grips require that thefingers should not be short and that theyshould be fairly strong besides. Otherwisesuch grips are tetter let alone.

The position of the thumbs is a vexedquestion. The orthodox plan is. of course,

to have them across the shaft, and somebelieve that this affords the test chanceof getting a free and even swing. On theother hand, playing with the thumbs helddown the shaft makes It easier for theunpractised golfer to aim with accuracy,

and it also prevents the tendency to let theclub swing out. Possibly, too. It is of as-sistance in keeping the club held square to

the line, so that there is less chance ofa pull or a slice.

The club ought to swing from the player'sshoulders; there should be no obvious breakin the unity of the motion at the point

vhere the human part of the pendulum—

the arm—ends and the clu> begins. Thisunity Is much more likely t3 be preserved

when the club is hung lightly in the grip

of the fingers, lying across their roots,

than when the club Is grasped in the palm

of the hand. Moreover, when ike shaft isheld In the palms, there is greater encour-agement for the player to force with onehand or the other.

nearly horizontal as the pace is increased.The golf club has a similar tendency toswing out when it is not grasped with suf-ficient firmness to hold it on its propertrack. Iratljer think it is for this reasonthat go'.fers often display a tendency topulltheir shots v.-hen tired out toward the

end of a days sport. The grip should al-ways be reasonat ly tight to keep the clubsteady.

*\u25a0'

By C. P. PnlT^i-. t

CHAPTER VIII.Vhile every phase of the game of golf is

none into more- or less minutely by theIdevotee at some time or other of Ms or her jcareer, the manner of gripping the club jprobably ha* had and will continue to.claim more than Us share of attention, jThis trait was called forcibly to mind in.

*th* course of th* recent women's metro-politan championship at Mont-lair.

'I've fo-jnd out my trouble; it's going!better now since Ichanged to the Sargent :grip," remarked one.

"Why. Icouldn't hit the ball a little bit!ifIheld the club that \u25a0way." chimed in an- jether, and bo It went, nearly every one hay- |Ins: a different idea.

Unquestionably, this is one of the most ;Important of the many pcsplexfns golf jproblems, and one of the foremost of the jamateurs in this country does not hesitate ;

to.say that on the proper grip depends the jsoe?«s or failure of the golfer. Attention jis railed to the fact that Walter J. Travis, ]former national and metropolitan champion. \has a peculiarity in Ms grip in that he iholds the chib with the hands turned as far \u25a0

around that the palms are facing upward. ITet.on the other hand, several professionalsrecommend the habit of keeping the hands«"eJI ever the shaft, with the paims facingdownward This Is popularly supposed to

be a specific against slicing, but there areplayers who slice just as valiantly with •

that grip as any other.Ecth of these fashions go to the extremes, j

ar."3 a beginner should not have either set

before him or her as tn example. The first :essential of a good grip is that it should '.fe»l comfortable and natural, because only !then Is it possible to play with the free.and \easy swing which make? for the b»st <lriv- jin».

la deciding whet, is natural and com-

fortabie, every man must be a law untoUmsetf, but there are certain general con-ditions which all in common must observe.Two main requirements invite attention—The prip must be such as to enable the clubto swine Credy. and it must also be suchthat when the stroke is made the club isbrought back to the same position it oc-cupied vrhea addressing the ball.It is therefore essential that the hands

shoald be evenly balanced. If one be heldmuch further arDund the shaft than the

the. tendency will be for them toforce a v.v<re equable distribution duringthe making of the stroke, and the shaftwi'.l be turned around so that the ball isrrot with the club face turned up or turnedlowii. r:= the ca^e may be. In either casea n-ii.--hit would be the result.

f this it is well in addressingU to sr-e that th,e head of the club

iare t<-> the. ball, and is not simply

to appear no through the grip being

twisted to accommodate it. The wrist will_Iitself as the swing is being

made, and the club will return to the posi-

tion appropriate to the way In which It isheld. The test is that the face should liestraight behind the ball when the handsholding the club are allowed to hang nat-ural iv.

Common sense, moreover, should suggest

that the hands be held as close together aspossible, su that the club may pwing withperfect freedom. It should be held firmly.

but not tightly. The pressure of the gripshould lie enouph to insure absolute con-trol of the club's direction, without exer-cising any cramping or restraining effectupon the force of the swinp

Every one knows that when a stone istied to th" end of a string and swur.?per.t.y so that :t moves around in a circle,In the arrangement which mathematicianscall a "toontcal pendulum." the tendency isfor the Mnng to become more and more

HIS MISTAKE.Edward

—What dp you think Icarry in

my watch case, darling? Itis always thestamp of your last letter. Your lips havetouched it, and mine often kiss the placewhere ycurs have been.

Angelina—Oh, Edward! I'm awfully

sorry; but I always use Fidos dampnose! —

IHu'trsted Bitfi

"Myrtle, has gone upon the vaudevilleMage and has made an Instant h;t becauseof tier darinp."

"What Is her act?""She sings In a cage of micV—Lippln-

cott's.

Possibly it matters little with most ofus whether we have the palm or finger

Igrip: whether the thumbs are down orover. We generally manage to get offthe line, just the same. It was while play-ing the "trouble" hole at Atlantic Cityrecently that an amateur, who was ex-perimenting with a new grip, sliced his ballout of bounds into a clover patch. Hisaccount of subsequent events follows:

"Just as Igot over the fence a femininevoice greeted me: 'Get, right out of here.'Iremoved my hat. and, making my obel-cance, said: 'Madam, you see before you aman In very poor health, who has beenordered by his physician to play golf. Itisn't a very good ball, but it la the bestIhave, and Iadmit frankly the stroke wasa poor one I've got to play the round andthere are no other balls to he had.' "Well,"paid the woman. 'Iwish these golfers wereIn hell, for they are destroying this cloverpatch. You don't look sick, but you're agentleman, so I'll help you nn.l it ' Anddown on her knees she got, and we finallyfound the lost ball."

THE OVERLAPPING GRIP.A. W. Tilling^ast. • former Philadelphia champion,

using it for his favorite approach.

PALM AND FINGER GRIP.F. R. Upton, jr., one of the foremost Naw Jersey

golfers, uiinjj the former with left hand and thelatter with right hand at finiih of driv«.

KJHing a Christian J"iot MurderifSlayer Is Moslem, Says Grand Mufti

J\ir, 'Roosevelt's Criticismsin Cairo Seem CTc

B<? Justified.(Copyright, 1910. by the Brentwood Company.)

j Murder is no crime, in the eyes ofIslam, when the slayer is a Moslem and

ihis victim an unbeliever—

that is to say,

a Christian, a Jew, a Parsee. or a Buddh-ist. This doctrine, familiar to thosewho have lived for any length of time in

Mahometan countries independent offoreign control, but which has hithertobeen generally ignored, not only here inthe United States and in WesternEurope, but even in British India and in|Egypt, has been brought into prominenceiwithin the last two weeks by the refusal

of the Grand Mufti at Cairo to approvethe capital sentence passed upon War-dani, the assassin of Prime MinisterBoutros Pacha, on the ground that a

j Moslem cannot be put to death for kill-ing a Christian.

The Grand Mufti also gave two other

reasons for his attitude, both of them ofa childish character. One of them wasto the effect that there is no mention ofrevolvers in the Koran, or in that Cheriat Ilaw which is based on the Holy Writ ofIslam

—the Chfriat dating back to the

eighth century—

and consequently thatany Moslem making use of a revolver to jwound or murder is guiltless of any Icrime known to the sacred law. Thethird argument of the Grand Muftiwasthat the relatives of Boutros Pacha had jfailed to appear at the trial as prose-cutors.

Dismissing the two latter reasons as'

puerile, the first of the three put for- !ward by the Grand Mufti in behalf ofhis refusal to sanction the sentencepassed by the native courts at Cairo'Iupon Wardani. is one that invites very

'

serious consideration. For the GrandMuftiis the divine whose interpretations i

of Koranic and Cher int law, as applied I| to the questions of the day, are final. \He is a magnate of whose spiritual au-thority the temporal rulers of the coun-try must take account. Despotic khe-dives, and even the most powerful sul-tans, have been compelled to submit tohis yoke.

When Suleiman the Magnificent, per-haps the grandest of all Ottoman rulers,demanded of Grand Mufti Abu Baood afetwa declaring itlawful to put to deathall the inhabitants of conquered Euro- ipean provinces who refused to embracethe faith of Islam, the Grand Mufti de- !clined to comply. Again, when Abbas Iof Egypt, the most saturnine, fanaticand cruel tyrant who ever held sway atCairo, attempted to exile the Grand \u25a0

Mufti Sheikh-el-Abbast to the Soudan ifor refusing to issue a fetwa empowering Ihim. Abbas, to ratify sentences of deathpassed on Moslems, there was so greata disturbance among all true believersthroughout the land of the Nile that theViceroy was not only prevented from!putting into execution his decree of ban-i-shment against the Grand Mufti, but i

even round itprudent to appease popularanger by loading him with honors.

Lord Cromer in his book. "ModernEgypt," relates the difficulty which he <

experienced when this self-same Grand ,Mufti advocated as the most natural

S> thing in the world the crucifixion of; criminals, in delicately impressing uponj him that "although the onward tramp

!of civilization rniirht be heard but faint-ly within the sacred precincts of themosque, England was neverthelessstanding without its1 walls, and wouldbe compelled to enforce a veto on any

!such act of extreme barbarism." LordCromer goes on to say that while hecould do this, he could not do muchmore.

He could not make "the Egyptianhorse drink of the waters of civilization,

albeit the most limpid streams of social;and Juridical reform were turned Into; the trough for him, if the Grand Mufti| condemned the act of drinking as impi-j ous. Popes and other ecclesiasticaldignitaries have before now shown thatthey cannot be dragooned into submis-sion. Neither do the Grand Muftis fearred-coated soldiers. Moreover, they fearthe wrath of the foreign press even lessthan they fear red coats."

Now, Cairo, and not Constantinople,is the headquarters of Moslem ortho-doxy, and from its celebrated Universityof El Azhar, which occupies much thesame relation to Islam that Oxford doesto the Church of England, have gradu-ated for the past ten centuries- all thoa-» Jteachers of Moslem doctrine who areresponsible for the fact that to-day be- !tween two hundred million and threehundred million of the human race arefollowers of the Prophet. The influenceof the El Azhar University extends jthroughout Africa and Asia, and even to jChina, to the Dutch Indies and to the jPhilippines, where the Mahometanpopulation now subject to the rule of |the United States is sufficiently large Iand influential to maintain a riwak. or !settlement of students of its own. at ithis university on the banks of the

•Nile. I

When, therefore, the Grand Muftiof'

Egypt; thai is to say. the chief of thethree great authorities of the El Azhar.the other two being the Rector and theGrand Cadi, takes upon himself to pro-claim the doctrine that the killing of aChristian or any other unbeliever by aMoslem is neither murder nor yet acrime, it is a matter for very serious re- jflection by all civilized powers such as

'the United States, which has millions ofMoslems subject to its rule.

For there is no doubt whatsoeverthat every devout Mahometan, not only lin Egypt but throughout the length andbreadth of Africa. In the European andAsiatic provinces of Ike Ottoman Em-pire, in the British and Dutch EastIndies and in the Philippines, will lakethe lesson of th« Grand Mufti to heartwillregard his utterance about the mat-tor as inspired and at the Infallible in-terpretation of the sacred law, and when |the English compel the execution ofTlarrtani w,n ,,

ook0ok upon the latter in thelight of a martyr.In discus-::- the demand now made

enthusiastic about tb!*' *"W '

Were h«»n~ «the rpforms which ."• b6tnS ln^«»rat d by hi,govern-

iment in the code and in the poMM:the judiciary. But when he waswhether the reforms in question asscomprise the introduction of a **1

IJustice common alike to Mosls*1^iChristian and to Jew, and which rsi \u25a0,

jplace them all on an equal footii*sj|jendow them with the same rights**

jeyes of the law. he paused for **ment. with no attempt to cones*

1i|

horror and distaste at the tare ne£of the proposal, and finallyreplieddecidedly and categorically: "TMI

an eventuality which it is fapcsC*

for a Moslem even to I\u25a0•*\u25a0\u25a0 ft'idea would never occur to his." ]

The action of the Grand igßiEgypt in virtually legalizing :"*B*j

Iof Christians by Moslems and tiis »

!mark of the Turkish Minister of 130

iat Stamboul which Ihave jast «=**constitute additional arguments ta*l

contained inmy letter, published b*>

icolumns on May S last, against fir*

;linquishment by the United S»» >

any of the ex-terrltoria! rights *\u25a0\u25a0

enjoys in the Sultana dominies* £against any compliance wi& *-«

rmnds of the Porte.Neither Americans nor asy otiC"l

eigners can ever hope or expect t»

'rights equalling those of W^^[countries where ;h»metaai» »istate religion, and where the lawl

" jland is based on the Koran. .IItis a law which consists

°'*\l,|

ins of the scriptures of Isiaareported teachings of the

*>n*T^slis incapable of modification so «« Ithe Moslem faith endures. *Vff§Belasticity, does rot take i""*^~j3changes wliich the world hasduring the last twelve hundrtd %^.£i|jas we have stcn above, of t3eC^§jof revolvers— and is in every *-\u25a0 R

'tfee word a relic of b^"bar!s!3-^tfilaw which, according to its !sy"

aaj»j.||ponent. the Grand Mufti.

*rt!oS*_,f*)M!ty is regarded as final tW^igMoslem world, holds that £» --.IChristians by Moslems 13 *J-^r||and which in these rnoderL!^'es»s |Xcording to Lord Oromer, adv^ ftsj#ii«|deterrent punishment the fris- I•

by crucifixion!'

fillaPMSome of the most infl«"*L*|

hometan societies, as. for lnr7*r?1rHKof the Senous?i. which may **/'^Mas the Moilem counterplot of

tian Order of Jesuits, not oe-^tfigth? murder of Christians, bo

vocate.lt in th? most opennlshed fashion, teaching that #il|of an unbeliever is pleasing » {.Jof Allah and of his Fropb«t_

ir>It is this condition cf 3'3 '*au" gpm

existence of these ""^Jt^-Kthat have rendered It so

hr «*4United States and for o*B

-tW^Sal

powers to obtain re****"^d^Bish authorities for the deSt^jr fs?mand property of any of ''

ati^^Mwho may happen to have be»_ 6»JBor residing within the '"''^T^l^BOttoman Kmpire. and if g.at'Jhave taken place for the P^ j»<f|Pfaslng foreign ans« th°!!ll0,r» *Rmet with death on the Vwhjj»^Rrarely ton the real culpn^ ***\u25a0grounds have been r r̂'v**v

'*****H

execution than the mere l JH£of a Christian. ,vtti^ilf

-v