CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE VASCULAR FLORA

OF SOME BOTANICAL AND FORESTRY RESERVATIONS

IN THE SUBCARPATHIAN AREA OF OLTENIA

POPESCU Gheorghe*, BORUZ Violeta**,

CIORTAN Ioana**, RĂDUŢOIU Daniel*

Abstract: The paper presents the vascular flora of the reservations: the lilac forest {Syringa

vulgaris L.) at Ponoarele, Mehedinţi County; the edible chestnut tree forest {Castanea sativa L.)

at Pocruia-Tismana, Gorj County, as well as two deciduous tree forests in the Sub-Carpathian

area of Gorj: Botorogi-Tg Jiu and Câlnic-Teleşti.

The vascular species in these forests, with a special ecological and phytogeographic value, are

pointed out. There are also considerations on some rare/vulnerable species in the Romanian flora

and on some aspects regarding the monitoring of their populations.

Key words: silvicole species, species of meadows, rare, vulnerable, Romania.

Introduction

It is unanimously admitted that, throughout the globe, the protected areas represent

the most efficient ways for preserving bio-diversity. Every country creates a network of pro-

tected areas, both nationally and locally.

The present paper contributes to the knowledge of the vascular flora patrimony for

two scientific reservations: the lilac forest {Syringa vulgaris L.) at Ponoarele, Mehedinţi

County and the edible chestnut tree forest {Castanea sativa L.) at Pocruia-Tismana, Gorj

County, both of them recognized as reservations a long time ago. Two deciduous tree forests

in the hilly region of Gorj (Botorogi and Câlnic) are also thoroughly analyzed in order to

include them in the protected area network in Romania. These forests preserve some vascu-

lar species with a high scientific and phytogeographic value.

Results and discussions

1. THE BOTANICAL RESERVATION "THE LILAC FOREST

(SYRINGA VULGARIS LT AT PONOARELE, MEHEDINŢI1 COUNTY

It is located at 2 km south of the Village of Ponoarele, at about 650 m altitude and

it covers the slopes of a dry valley. The presence of limestone is evident in the area, on

extended surfaces; under the action of the external environmental factors they led to the

appearance of various and picturesque forms of relief: crests, chimneys, tanks.

'Universitatea din Craiova, Departamentul de Biologie, str. Libertăţii nr 15, 200583, Craiova, România

"Universitatea din Craiova, Grădina Botanică "Al. Buia", str. C-tin Lecca nr. 26. 200217. Craiova. România

e-mail: violetaboruz@yahoo.com. ciortanioana@yahoo.com

in some papers, there is totally incomplete informationon the vascular flora in the two reservations: Bobârnac В., Popescu M., Cârţu D

1984; Mohan G.. Ardelean A.. Georgescu M. 1993 a.s.o.

Acta Horti Bot. Bucurest. 33: 119-130

Bucureşti 2006

PopescuG., Boruz Violeta, Ciortan loana, Răduţoiufr120

Because of the dissolved limestone rock, various carstic forms were formed:

dolinas, steepnesses. The steepnesses, the topic of our present paper, represent a hole in the

limestone sublayer, determined by the collapse or the slide of some layers under the long

influence of the climate factors, especially water.

The village of Ponoarele is known due to the botanical reservations which cover an

area of 20 ha. The main fund of the reservation consists of the wild lilac forest (Syringa vul-

garis L.), one of the largest and most compact areas where the lilac grows spontaneously.

Although the reservation has been well known and under research for a long time,

its flora was not totally presented. The present paper represents an attempt of a larger per-

spective upon the vascular flora. Both the limestone rocky regions, especially the wooden

and herbaceous ones, and the intermingled meadows were taken into consideration. It would

be a good idea for this data to be subsequently completed with the cryptogamic flora.

THE VASCULAR FLORA

Phylum PTERIDOPHYTA. Ceterach qfficinarum Willd. (fig. 1); Asplenium tri-

chomanes L. subsp. quadrivalens D.E.Meyer; A. ruta-muraria L.; Pteridium aquilinum (L.)

Kühn; Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Phylum SPERMATOPHYTA. Subphylum PINO-

PHYTINA: Fam. Cupressaceae: Juniperus communis L. var. communis. Subphylum

MAGNOLIOPHYTINA. CI. ROSOPSIDA (EUDICOTS): Fam. Ranunculaceae:

Helleborus pwpurascens Walldst. et Kit.; Isopyrum thalictroides L.; Ranunculus bulbosus L.

Fam. Fumariaceae: Coiydalis solida (L.) Clairv. Fam. Fagaceae: Fagus sylvatica L.;

Quercus frainetto Ten.; Q. polycarpa Schur Fam. Corylaceae: Carpinus betulus L. Fam.

Caryophyllaceae: Arenaria serpyllifolia L.; Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. triviale

(Link) Jalas; С pumilum Curtis subsp. glutinosum (Fries) Corb.; Lychnis coronaria (L.)

Desr.; Moehringia muscosa L.; Scleranthus annuus L.; S. perennis L. Fam. Polygonaceae:

Polygonum dumetorum L. Fam. Crassulaceae: Sedum acre L.; S. hispanicum L. Fam.

Saxifragaceae: Saxifraga rotundifolia L.; S. tridactylites L. Fam. Rosaceae: Aremonia agri-

monioides (L.) DC; Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Miller; Crataegus monogyna Jacq.; Filipendula

vulgaris Moench; Fragaria vesca L.; F. viridis Weston; Potentilla micrantha Ramond ex

DC; P. aigentea L.; P. thuringiaca Bernh. ex Link; Rosa coiymbifera Borkh.; Sanguisorba

minor Scop. Fam. Fabaceae (Leguminosae s. str.): Coronilla varia L.; Genistella sagitta-

lis (L.) Gams; Lathyrus setifolius L.; L. venetus (Miller) Wohlf.; Medicago minima (L.) L.;

Ononis an'ensis L.; Trifolium montanum L. Fam. Cornaceae: Cornus mas L. Fam.

Celastraceae: Evonymus verrucosus Scop. Fam. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia epithymoides L.

Fam. Aceraceae: Acer campestre L.; A. tataricum L. Fam. Geraniaceae: Erodium cicutar-

ium (L.) L'Hérit; Geranium lucidum L. Fam. Apiaceae: Aegopodium podagraria L.;

Chaerophyllum temulum L.; Daucus carota L. subsp. carota; Eiyngium campestre L.;

Heracleum sphondylium L.; Pimpinella saxifraga L. Fam. Hypericaceae: Hypericum perfo-

ratum L. Fam. Tiliaceae: Tilia platyphyllos L. Fam. Violaceae: Viola canina L. subsp. ca-

nina; Viola tricolor L. subsp. tricolor. Fam. Brassicaceae: Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara

et Grande; Alyssum desertorum S\&ç>î\Arabis turrita L.; Cardamine hirsuta L.; C. impatiens L.;

Cardaminopsis arenosa (L.) Hayek; Erophila verna (L.) Chevall.; Rorippa sylvestris (L.)

Besser Fam. Salicaceae: Populus tremula L. Fam. Asclepiadaceae: Vincetoxicum hirundi-

naria Medikus Fam. Oleaceae: Fraxinus ornus L.; Syringa vulgaris L.(fig.2). Fam.

Boraginaceae: Myosotis stricta Link ex Roemer et Schultes; Pulmonaria officinalis L;

Contributions to the knowledge of the vascular flora... 121

Fig. 2

Underwood of flowery Syringa vulgaris in

the Ponoarele Reservation

Fig. 1

Ceterach officinarum on the

limestone rocky regions at

Ponoarele

Fig. 3

Ornithogalum orthophyllum subspkochii at Ponoarele

Popescu G., Boruz Violeta, Ciortan loana, Raduţoiujl122

Fig. 4

Orchis morio subsp

morio on the lawn

surrounding the

Ponoarele

Reservation

Fig. 5

Ptehdium aquilinum, an invasive

species, in the forest clearings of

Quercus polycarpa at Pocruia,

Tismana

Fig. 6

Juniperus communis and Pteridium aquilinum (mown) in the perimeter of the Reservation

of Castanea sativa

Fig. 7

Monumental trees of Castanea sativa at Pocruia, Tismana

123Contributions to the knowledge of the vascular flora...

Popescu G., Boruz Violeta, Ciortan loana, Raduţoiu_D,124

Symphytum tuberosum L. Fam. Lamiaceae: Ajuga genevensis L.; Clinopodium vulgare L;

Glechoma hederacea L.; Lamium maculatum L. subsp. maculatum; Melittis melissophyllum L;

Marrubium vulgare L.; Stachys officinalis (L.) Trev.; Teucrium chamaedrys L.; Thymus

comosus Heuff. cx Griseb. Fam. Scrophulariaceae: Veronica an'ensis L.; V. chamaedrys L;

V. serpyllifolia L.; V triphyllos L. Fam. Plantaginaceae: Plantago altissima L. Fam.

Campanulaceae: Campanula rapunculoides L. Fam. Rubiaceae: Asperula taurina L.

subsp. leucanthera (G. Beck) Hayek; Cruciata laevipes Opiz; C. pedemonîana (Bellardi)

Ehrend.; Galium verum L.; Sherardia an'ensis L. Fam. Caprifoliaceae: Viburnum lantanaL.

Fam. Valerianaceae: Valerianella locusta (L.) Latterade Fam. Asteraceae: Achillea chrit-

mifolia Waldst. et Kit.; Bellis perennis L.; Carlina biebersteinii Bernh. ex Hörnern subsp.

brevibracteata (Andrae) Werner; Hypochoeris maculata L.; Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort.;

CL. LILIOPSIDA (MONOCOTS): Fam. Dioscoreaceae: Tamus communis L. Fam.

Liliaceae: Erythronium dens-canis L. subsp. niveum (Baumg.) Buia et Păun; Lilium marta-

gon L.; Ornithogalum orthophyllum Ten. subsp. kochii (Pari.) Zahar. (fig.3), Scilla bifolia

L. subsp. drunensis Speţa Fam. Orchidaceae: Orchis morio L. subsp. morio (fig.4). Fam.

Juncaceae: Luzula campestris (L.) DC. Farn. Cyperaceae: Carex caiyophyllea Latourr.;

С tomentosa L. Fam. Poaceae: Festuca rupicola Heuffel subsp. saxatilis (Schur)

Rauschert; Melica uniflora L.; Poa bulbosa L. subsp. bulbosa.

2. THE FORESTRY RESERVATION "THE EDIBLE CHESTNUT TREE FOREST"

(CASTANEA SATIVA L ) AT POCRUIA - TISMANA, GORJ COUNTY

In the neighborhood of the Village of Pocruia, Tismana there lies, in the south,

south-west and south-east, at an altitude of about 470 m, a large forest of Transylvanian

common oak (Quercus polycarpa Schur), covering an area of almost 200 ha. In this region,

on a surface of 32.40 ha, there lies the well-known edible chestnut tree forest (Castanea sau-

va L.), to the south of the Vâlcan Mountains.

The entrance to the forestry reservation is at the south part of the Pocruia Village.

The basal part of the northern versant of the large common oak forest is made up ofbig lime-

stone rocks, covered by few herbaceous species. Gradually, the more you climb the plateau,

the better you see the forest of common oak and hornbeam (Carpino-Quercetum poly-

carpae) with the following species: Quercus polycarpa 4-5; Carpinus betulus 1-2; Acer

campestre +-1; Quercus dalechampii +-1; Sorbus torminalis +; Ulmus glabra +; Crataegus

monogyna 1-2; Castanea sativa +; Fraxinus ornus +; Loranthuseuropaeus 1-2; Ligustrum

vulgare 1-2; Prunus spinosa 1-2; Rubus caesius +; Chamaecytisus hirsutus subsp. leu-

cotrichus +; Lithospei-mumpurpureo-caeruleum +; Galium mollugo +; G pseudaristatum +;

G odoratum +-1; Fragaria vesca +; Galeopsis tefrahit +; Viola elatior +; Geum aleppicum +;

Agrimonia eupatoria +; Potentilla micrantha +; Brachypodium sylvaticum +; Tamus com-

munis +; Pteridium aquilinum +; Melica uniflora +; Luzula forsteri +; Veronica officinalis +;

Cardamine flexuosa +; Prunella vulgaris +; Asperula taurina leucanthera +; Pimpinella

major +; Lathyrus vernus +; L. venetus +; Trifolium medium +-1; Sanicula europaea +',

Cephalanthera longifolia +.

To the western versant (an inclination of 20-25") one can notice an interpénétration of

the common oak forests with the hilly beech forests, on a fragmented ground with numerous

grooves and ravines: Quercus polycarpa 2-3; Fagus sylvatica 1-2; Carpinus betulus 1-2;

Crataegus monogyna 1-2; Chamaecytisus hirsutus subsp. leucotrichus +-\;Rubus hirtus +.

Herbaceous species of beech forests: Polygonatum odoratum, Dentaria glandulosa,

Moehringia trinervia, Euphorbia amygdaloides.

The edible chestnut tree forest. Inside the common oak forest, on a little meadow

with a slight inclination to the south and south-east, there lies, on an area of 32.40 ha

(according to Mohan G & Ardelean A. 1993) or of 51.60 ha (according to Law 5/6 March,

2000), the well-known forestry reservation.

24 specimens of Castanea satira with the terrier diameter between 0.60 and 1.40 m

were counted, and this only in the reservation perimeter. The circumference of the stem

reaches, in some exemplaries, 3.70-4.20 m while the height is of about 15-22 m. The trunk's

height is up to 3-3.5 m; here one can notice the starting point of thick branches which form

an extended corona. Sometimes the trunk is madeup

of 2-3 ramifications, each of them with

a circumference of 1.80-2.30 m and a diameter of 1-1.20 m (Fig. 7). There are also isolated

specimens inside the common oak forest, but the habitus is changed: a higher trunk, a

pyramidal corona which can reach a height of up to 30 m; there are many cultivated exem-

plaries around some monasteries in the Sub-Carpathian area of Oltenia: Hurez, Bistriţa,

Polovragi a.s.o. The Sub-Carpathian area is the most appropriate for the vegetation of this

Sub-Mediterranean species, with a milder climate, without extreme temperature alternation,

without the influence of cold winds etc. In the last few years there was noticed a threaten-

ing drying of the chestnut trees all over the country because of multiple natural or artificial

causes that affect and weaken the plants which are easily attacked by opportunists: fungi

(mycoses), bacteria (bacterioses) or viruses (viroses). On some plants, there are even

Loranthus europaeus (vascul of oak tree), as it was noticed by Buia A. 1952.

The lawn where the brush is found is the Agrosti-Genistelletum, which was seri-

ously degraded because of some herbaceous species such as: Viola canina, Euphorbia

cyparissias, Scleranthus perennis, S. annuus, Potentilla erecta, Bruckenthalia spiculifolia

(! at low altitude) and especially Pteridium aquilinum (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), knowing the fact

that its rhizomes can reach 40 m in length. The aerial part of it is mowed in the area but it

recovers rapidly by means of its buds on the rhizomes.

There are also many exemplaries of Juniperus communis, Rosa corymbifera etc. In

the little meadow, there are numerous seedlings of Castanea sativa that appeared by

autosowing, fact which could represent a hope for the future of this forestry reservation.

In the reservation there are also some isolated specimens of Hungarian oak

{Quercus frainetto Ten), but they are veryshort plants of up to 3 m. In the nearby forest,

there is no Hungarian oak.

THE VASCULAR FLORA IN THE FOREST OF POCRUIA-TISMANA

(INCLUDING THE FORESTRY RESERVATION

"THE EDIBLE CHESTNUT TREE FOREST")

Phylum PTERIDOPHYTA: Fam. Polypodiaceae 5.1.: Diyopteris fdix-mas (L.)

Schott; Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kühn Phylum SPERMATOPHYTA: Subphylum

PINOPHYTINA: Fam. Cupressaceae: Juniperus communis L. (fig. 6). Fam. Pinaceae:

Pinus nigra L. Subphylum Magnoliophytina: CI. Rosopsida: Fam. Ranunculaceae:

Clematis vitalba L.; Ranunculus ficaria L. Fam. Ulmaceae: Ulmus glabra Hudson

125Contributions to the knowledge of the vascular flora...

Popescu G., Boruz Violeta, Ciortan loana, Râduţoiu Ц126

Fam. Fagaceae: Castanea sativa Miller; Fagus sylvatica L.; Quercus dalechampii Ten.;

Q. frainetto Ten.; Q. polycarpa Schur Fam. Corylaceae: Carpinus betulus L. Fam.

Caryophyllaceae: Scleranthus perennis L. subsp. perennis; S. annuus L. subsp. annuus;

Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. Fam. Polygonaceae: Rumex crispus L. Fam. Rosaceae:

Agrimonia eupatoria L.; Crataegus monogyna Jacq.; Fragaria moschata Weston; F vesca L.;

Geum aleppicum Jacq.; Potentilla erecta (L.) Rausch.; P. micrantha Ramond ex DC;

Prunus spinosa L.; Rosa corymbifera Borkh.; Rubus caesius L.; R. hirtus Waldst. et Kit.;

Sorbus toiminalis (L.) Crantz Fam. Fabaceae: Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link subsp.

leucotrichus (Schur) A. et D. Löve; Genistella sagittalis (L.) Gams; Lathyrus venetus

(Miller) Wohlf.; L. vernus (L.) Bernh.; Trifolium medium L. subsp. sarosiense (Hazsl.)

Sirnonkai Fam. Loranthaceae: Loranthus europaeus Jacq. Fam. Euphorbiaceae:

Euphorbia amygdaloides L.; E. cyparissias L. Fam. Aceraceae: Acer campestre L. Fam.

Polygalaceae: Polygala vulgaris L. Fam. Araliaceae: Hedera helix L. Fam. Apiaceae:

Pimpinella major L.; Sanicula europaea L. Fam. Tiliaceae: Tilia tomentosa Moench;

T. platyphyllos Scop. Fam. Violaceae: Viola canina L. subsp. canina; V. elatior Fries Fam.

Brassicaceae: Cardamine flexuosa L. Fam. Ericaceae: Bruckenthalia spiculifolia (Salisb.)

Reichenb. Fam. Oleaceae: Ligustrum vulgare L.; Fraxinus ornus L. Fam. Solanaceae:

Physalis alkekengi L. Fam. Boraginaceae: Lithospermum purpureo-caeruleum L. Fam.

Lamiaceae: Ajuga genevensis L.; Galeopsis tetrahit L.; Prunella vulgaris L.; Teucrium

chamaediys L. Fam. Scrophulariaceae: Veronica officinalis L. Fam. Rubiaceae: Asperula

taurina L. subsp. leucanthera (G. Beck) Hayek; Galium aparine L.; G. mollugo L.; G. odo-

ratum (L.) Scop.; G. pseudaristatum Schur Fam. Asteraceae: Hieracium murorum L. CI.

LILIOPSIDA: Fam. Liliaceae: Polygonatum odoratum (Miller) Druce Fam.

Orchidaceae: Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch Fam. Juncaceae: Luzula forsten (Sm.)

DC. Fam. Poaceae: Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv.; Anthoxanthum odoratum L.;

Agrostis capillaris L.; Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra.

3. TWO DECIDUOUS TREE FORESTS IN THE SUBCARPATHIAN

REGION OF THE DISTRICT OF GORJ- CONSERVING SOME

VULNERABLE / RARE SPECIES IN THE ROMANIAN FLORA

A.The Botorogi Forest - Tg. Jiu, District of Gorj

To the south-western entrance of the municipality of Tg. Jiu, at about 3 km awayfrom

it, there lies a massive forest of river meadow called "The Botorogi Foresf'or "The Forest of

Loranth". Its surface is about 106 ha and it is located on an almost plain ground, on the se-

cond terrace of the Jiu River. In spring and in autumn, in the forest, there can be seen nume-

rous ponds containing rain water which is collected in some channels and a larger lake.

From the botanical point of view, this forest was studied by A. Buia, M. Păun and

С. Maloş. More consistent information on the vascular flora of this forest with Fritillaria

meleagris is found in the paper published by С Maloş, Cristea Anastasia, Maloş Ana, 1967.

The interest aroused by this forest is determined by the presence of a considerable

population of Fritillaria meleagris L. (the motley tulip).

Studies were made on this forest by the authors of this paper between 2003 and 2004.

In the second decade of the month of April 2004, 48 specimens of this species were counted

at the end of their blossoming, spread all over the forest.

In another locality, placed in the same Jiu River Meadow but at Piscul Sadovei -

Dolj District - in 1967, a massive population of Fritillaria meleagris (FOE 761) was iden-

tified, which, subsequently, due to multiple reasons, decreased and it seems that it totally

disappeared. The plant was looked for, after this date, but it was never found again.

However, a related species survived - Fritillaria orientalis Adams, which is also met in other

humid stations, in the deciduous tree forests, located in the region of Oltenia.

The Forest of Botorogi represents, for the time being, the only sure station in the

region of Oltenia - it is a place where Fritillaria meleagris, a vulnerable and rare species for

Romania's flora, is still found.

This forest, together with the motley tulip, was suggested to be protected2

.

THE VASCULAR FLORA

The floristic checklist includes all the vascular species in the forest, including those

in the enclaves of meadows, wood clearings, ponds which are found inside the forest.

Phylum PTERIDOPHYTA: Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott; Equisetum palustre L.

Phylum SPERMATOPHYTA Subphylum MAGNOLIOPHYTINA. CI. ROSOPSIDA:

Fam. Ranunculaceae: Anemone ranunculoides L.; Isopyrum thalictroides L.; Ranunculus

acris L.; R. auricomus L.; R.ficaria L.; R. repens L. Fam. Fumariaceae: Corydalis cava (L.)

Schweigg. et Koerte; C. solida (L.) Clairv. Fam. Ulmaceae: Ulmus glabra Hudson Fam.

Urticaceae: Urtica dioica L. Fam. Fagaceae: Quercus robur L. Fam. Corylaceae: Coiylus

avellana L. Fam. Caryophyllaceae: Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.; Moehringia ùinenàa (L.)

Clairv.; Stellaria holostea L. Fam. Polygonaceae: Rumex sanguineus L. Fam. Rosaceae:

Crataegus monogyna Jacq.; Geum urbanum L.; Malus sylvestris (L.) Miller; Potentilla rep-

tans L.; Pmnus spinosa L.; Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.; Rubus caesius L. Fam. Fabaceae:

Lathyrus venetus (Miller) Wohlf; Vicia sepium L. Fam. Cornaceae: Cornus mas L. Fam.

Celastraceae: Evonymus europaeus L. Fam. Aceraceae: Acer campestre L.; A. tataricum L.

Fam. Geraniaceae: Geranium phaeum L.; G robertianum L. Fam. Apiaceae: Oenanthe

aquatica L.; Peucedanum officinale L. Fam. Malvaceae: Althaea officinalis L. Fam.

Violaceae: Viola riviniana Reichenb. Farn. Brassicaceae: Alliariapetiolata (Bieb.) Cavara

et Grande; Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.; Cardamine impatiens L.; C. pratensis L. subsp. praten-

sis. Fam. Salicaceae: Populus fremula L. Fam. Primulaceae: Lysimachia nummularia L.

Fam. Oleaceae: Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl subsp. oxycarpa (Bieb.ex Willd.) Franco et

Rocha Alfonso; Ligustrum vulgare L. Fam. Boraginaceae: Myosotis sparsiflora Mikan ex

Pohl; Pulmonaria officinalis L.; Symphytum tuberosum L. Fam. Lamiaceae: Ajuga reptans L.;

Glechoma hirsuta L.; Melittis melissophyllum L.; Mentha an'ensis L.; Stachys officinalis L.

Fam. Plantaginaceae: Plantago altissima L. Fam. Scrophulariaceae: Gratiola officinalis L.;

Scrophularia nodosa L.; Veronica chamaedrys L.; V serpyllifolia L. Fam. Rubiaceae:

Asperula taurina L. subsp. leucanthera (G. Beck) Hayek; Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend.;

С. pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend.; Galium mollugo L. subsp. mollugo; G. uliginosum L.

according to the Order ofthe Ministerof Waters. Forests and Environment, number 558/2003 and the Decision ofthe Gorj County

Council, this forest obtained the status of Protected Area in order to preserve the habitat of me motley tulip (Fritillaria meleagris)

and of all the accompanying species (the information was provided by G Gămăneci,Deputy General Inspector at the Gorj County

Scholar Inspectorate).

127Contributions to the knowledge of the vascular flora...

128 Popescu G., Boruz Violeta, Ciortan loana, Răduţoiu D,

Fam. Adoxaceae: Adoxa moschatellina L. Fam. Valerianaceae: Valeriana officinalis L.

Fam. Asteraceae: Ehgeron annuus (L.) Pers. subsp. strigosus (Mühl. ex Willd.) Wagenitz;

Lapsana communis L. subsp. communis Cl. LILIOPSIDA: Fam. Dioscoreaceae: Tamus

communis L. Fam. Liliaceae 5.1.: Allium ursinum L.; Asparagus tenuifolius L.; Convallaria

majalis L.; Fritillaria meleagris L.; Gagea lutea (L.) Ker - Gawl.; Polygonatum latifolium

(Jacq.) Desf.; P. multiflorum (L.) All.; Scilla bifolia L. subsp. drunensis Speţa Fam.

Araceae: Arum maculatum L.; A. orientale Bieb. Fam. Orchidaceae: Platanthera bifolia L.

Fam. Cyperaceae: Carex acutifoimis Ehrh.; C. brizoides L.; C. \>ulpina L. Fam.

Typhaceae: Typha latifolia L. Fam. Poaceae: Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv.;

Melica uniflora Retz.; Poa pratensis L.

B. The CÂLNIC FOREST, Teleşti Village - Gorj

It lies along the national road Tg. Jiu - Drobeta Tr. Severin, near the village of

Câlnic, Teleşti. It covers an area of about 200 ha and it is crossed by the Câlnic rivulet, with

a very low water flow. In the river meadow and on the first terrace of the rivulet there is a

forest of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), and on

the second and third terraces, on the eastern and south-eastern slopes, there is a

Transylvanian common oak {Quercus polycarpa Schur) forest combined with Turkey oak

{Quercus cerris L.) and Hungarian oak {Quercus frainetto Ten.).

Between the forest bodies, on the left side of the road, there are large areas of bushes

which belong to Pruno spinosae - Crataegetum, as well as meadows of Agrostis capillaris

and Festuca rubra. In presenting the forest, we took into consideration all these groups of

vegetation, with their species.

The phyto-geographic value of the forest is given by some vulnerable/rare species:VVR Narcissuspoeticus subsp. radiiflorus; (R) Peucedanum rochelianum; (R) P. officinale;

(R) Orchis morio; (R) Veratrum nigrum (for the first time cited in The Flora of Oltenia !).About 20

years ago, when the first of the authors made a botanic research of the

area together with Professor M. Păun, Narcissus radiiflorus was more abundant than

between 2000 and 2004. In the first and the second decade of the month of April, children

used to sell flowers of "caprine"', collected from the bushes and the forest clearings.Because of several causes, the population of this species decreased very much.

Nevertheless, we have notice thatmany villagers have this plant cultivated in their gardens;

therefore we still hope the plant will not totally disappear in the future. There are also small

populations in two localities: Ciocârlău, near the city of Tg. Jiu, and Slătioara (at the border

of the Gorj and Vâlcea Counties) with meadows of Fe stueо rubrae - Agrostietum.The present paper is meant to be a warning but at the same time it represents our

decision to monitor these species and to find the way to protect this forest with its above-

mentioned rare and vulnerable species habitats.

THE VASCULAR FLORA

Phylum PTERIDOPHYTA: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kühn; Diyopterisfilix-mas (L.)Schott Phylum SPERMATOPHYTA Subphylum MAGNOLIOPHYTINA. CL. ROSOP-

SIDA: Fam. Ranunculaceae: Ranunculus auricomus L.; R.ficaria L. Fam. Ulmaceae: Ulmus

minor Miller Fam. Fagaceae: Quercus cerris L.; Q. frainetto Ten.; Q. polycarpa Schur;

Contributions to the knowledge of the vascular flora. 129

Q. robur L. Fam. Coryllaceae: Carpinus betulus L. Fam. Caryophyllaceae: Cerastium

semidecandrum L.; Lychnis coronaria L. Fam. Polygonaceae: Rumex acetosa L. Fam.

Crassulaceae: Sedum maximum (L.) Hoffm. Fam. Rosaceae: Cerasus avium (L.) Moench;

Crataegus monogyna Jacq.; Filipendula vulgaris L.; Fragaria vesca L.; Potentilla alba L.;P. micrantha Ramond ex DC; Prunus spinosa L.; Pyrus pyraster Burgsd.; Rosa coiym-

bifera Borkh.; Rubus caesius L. Fam. Fabaceae: Coronilla varia L.; Lathyrus hallersteinii

Baumg.; L. niger (L.) Bernh.; L. venetus (Miller) Wohlf.; Vicia lathyroides L. Fam.

Celastraceae: Evonymus europaeus L. Fam. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia cyparissias L.;

E. salicifolia Host Fam. Apiaceae: Peucedanum officinale L., P. rochelianum Heuffel Fam.

Tiliaceae: Tilia platyphyllos Scop. Fam. Violaceae: Viola elatior Fries; V. reichenbachiana

Jordan ex Boreau Fam. Brassicaceae: Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.; Cardamine flexu-osa With, in Stokes; С pratensis L. subsp. pratensis; Erophila verna L. Fam. Salicaceae:

Populus alba L.; P. tremula L. Fam. Primulaceae: Lysimachia nummularia L. Fam.

Apocynaceae: Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medikus Fam. Oleaceae: Fraxinus angustifoliaVahl subsp. oxycarpa (Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco et Rocha Alfonso; F ornus L.; Ligusti'um

vulgare L. Fam. Boraginaceae: Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleum L.; Myosotis stricta

Link ex Roemer et Schuhes; Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hörnern subsp. mollis;

Symphytum tuberosum L. Fam. Lamiaceae: Ajuga reptans L.; Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L.;

Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson; Stachys officinalis L. Fam. Scrophulariaceae: Scrophularianodosa L.; Verbascum nigrum L. subsp. nigrum; Veronica chamaedrys L. Fam.

Caprifoliaceae: Viburnum lantana L. Fam. Adoxaceae: Adoxa moschatellina L. Fam.

Rubiaceae: Galium verum L. Fam. Asteraceae: Achillea millefolium L.; Doronicum hun-

garicum (Sadl.) Reichenb. fil.; Hieracium pilosella L.; Hypochoeris maculata L; Mycelis

muralls (L.) Dumort.; Tanacetum vulgare L. CL. LILIOPSIDA: Fam. Alismataceae:

Alisma lanceolatum With. Fam. Dioscoreaceae: Tamus communis L. Fam. Liliaceae 5.1.:

Convallaria majalis L.; Gagea lutea Ker-Gawl.; Ornithogalum pyramidale L.;

Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq.) Desf; P. odoratum (Miller) Druce; Veratrum nigi'um L.

Fam. Amaryllidaceae: Narcissus poeticus L. subsp. radiiflorus (Salisb.) Baker Fam.

Iridaceae: Crocus vernus (L.) Hill Fam. Orchidaceae: Orchis morio L. subsp. morio; O. pur-

purea Hudson; Platanthera chlorantha (Cust.) Reichenb. Fam. Juncaceae: Juncus effusus L.;

Luzula campesuis (L.) DC; L. forsten (Sm.) DC; L. pilosa (L.) Willd. Fam. Cyperaceae:

Carex praecox Schieber; С. tomentosa L. Fam. Poaceae: Anthoxanthum odoratum L.;

Brachypodium sylvaticum (L.) Beauv.; Dactylis glomerata L.; Melica nutans L.; M. pictaС Koch; M. uniflora Retz.

Conclusions

The presentation of the vascular flora of the two scientific reservations, as well as

of the two deciduous tree forests, represents contributions to their complex knowledge in

order to have the corresponding protection measures locally. The rare or/and vulnerable

species in this area were pointed out together with data regarding the population size, their

biology and ecology. Monitoring these species periodically becomes a must in order to be

able to take action when necessary. The following species are taken into account: Syringa

vulgaris L., Castanea sativa L., Lilium martagon L., Fritillaria meleagris L., Veratrum

nigrum L., Peucedanum rochelianum Heuffel, P. officinale L., and some orchid species.

130 Popescu G., Boruz Violeta, Ciortan loana, Răduţoiu D

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12. ***Legea nr. 5 din 6 martie 2000 adoptată de Senat şi Camera Deputaţilor în 1999 şi2000 şi promulgată prin decretul nr. 41 din 2 martie 2000.

CONTRIBUŢII LA CUNOAŞTEREA FLOREI VASCULARE A UNOR REZERVAŢII

BOTANICE ŞI FORESTIERE DIN ZONA SUBCARPATICĂ A OLTENIEI

Rezumat: Lucrarea prezintă flora vasculară a rezervaţiilor Pădurea de liliac (Syringa vulgaris L.)

de la Ponoarele, Jud. Mehedinţi: Pădurea de castan comestibil {Castanea sativa L.) de la Pocruia-

Tismana. Jud. Gorj, precum şi două păduri de foioase din zona subcarpatică a Gorjului: Botorogi-Tg. Jiu şi Câlnic-Teleşti.

Sunt evidenţiate în toate aceste păduri speciile vasculare cu valoare ecologică şi fitogeograficădeosebită. De asemenea se fac consideraţii asupra unor specii rare/vulnerabile pentru flora României

şi a unor aspecte privind monitorizarea populaţiilor acestora.

Cuvinte cheie: specii silvicole, specii de pajişti, rare. vulnerabile. România.