Introduction to Hydraulics

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In this presentation you will: identify the fundamental parts of a hydraulic system and safety

issues relating to hydraulics

Introduction to Hydraulics

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In this presentation you will see what hydraulic systems are.

You will explore some of the safety issues associated with hydraulic systems and the fluids used in them.

Introduction to Hydraulics

Components of Hydraulic Systems

All industrial hydraulic systems will have:

A fluid, usually oil.

A tank, or reservoir, to hold a supply of the fluid.

A pump to cause the fluid to flow.

An electric motor, or engine, to drive the pump.

Hoses or tubing to carry the fluid.

Valves to control fluid flow, direction and pressure.

One or more actuators, usually cylinders or hydraulic motors, to do the work where mechanical movement occurs. Next >

Introduction to Hydraulics

1

Two engineers are discussing the components required to make an industrial hydraulic system. Engineer A says a reservoir is needed to hold a supply of fluid. Engineer B says a motor driven pump is needed to cause the fluid to flow. Who is correct?

Question

A) Only engineer A

B) Only engineer B

C) Both engineer A and B

D) Neither engineer A or B

Introduction to Hydraulics

Compression of Fluids

Two cylinders are shown. One cylinder contains a gas and the other contains a liquid.

If a downward force is applied to the piston in the gas cylinder, the piston will move down and compress the gas.

Hydraulic cylinders use liquid, which is incompressible.

Closed cylinder containing air

(gas)

Closed cylinder containing

hydraulic fluid (liquid) Next >

If a downward force is applied to the piston in the liquid cylinder, the piston will not move.

Introduction to Hydraulics

Hydraulic Fluids

The primary purpose of hydraulic fluid is to transmit force from one place to another.

However, hydraulic fluids are also required to:

Lubricate contact surfaces within the system.

Provide sealing of components, where tight clearances are involved.

Protect system components against rust, oxidation and corrosion.

Remove heat generated within the system.

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Prevent foaming when subjected to turbulence.

Introduction to Hydraulics

When selecting a hydraulic fluid for an application, consideration must be given to the pressure, temperature and materials of the system.

Improper selection can lead to:

Premature failure of components.

Inadequate system performance.

The potential for fire.

Environmental pollution in the event of loss of containment.

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Introduction to Hydraulics

The main types of hydraulic fluid are:

Petroleum based fluids:Most common type of fluid.

Synthetic fire resistant fluids: Used where fire hazards or environmental pollution are a concern.

Water based fire resistant fluids: Used where fire hazards or environmental pollution are a concern.

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Introduction to Hydraulics

Hydraulic Fluid Safety

Generally, hydraulic fluid:

Can cause skin and eye irritation.

Can cause medical problems. If ingested; seek medical attention immediately.

Must be disposed of according to Environmental regulations.

May be corrosive.

May cause medical problems, if repeatedly inhaled.

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Introduction to Hydraulics

2

Which of the following is NOT a function of hydraulic fluid?

Question

A) To cool system components

B) To lubricate system components

C) To protect against corrosion

D) To expand and seal components

Introduction to Hydraulics

Hydraulic Systems Safety

Here are some general safety procedures for working on hydraulic systems:

Always wear eye protection and appropriate clothing.

Never service the system while the pump is running (unless bleeding the system).

Ensure that all line connections are tight and the lines are not damaged. Escaping oil under pressure is a fire hazard and can penetrate the skin causing serious injury.

Before disconnecting oil lines, relieve all hydraulic pressure and discharge the accumulator.

Do not remove cylinders until the working units are resting on the floor or ground, on safety stands or on blocks.

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Introduction to Hydraulics

3

Which of the following tasks can be worked on, while the hydraulic pump is running?

Question

A) Removing cylinders

B) Bleeding the system

C) Disconnecting lines

D) Servicing the system

Introduction to Hydraulics

Summary

You should now be aware of:

The fundamental parts of hydraulic systems

Hydraulic fluid

How to work safely with hydraulic systems

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