introduction to human anatomy introduction to the skeletal...
TRANSCRIPT
InAnatomyToday
• WelcometoAnatomy35!
• IntroductiontoAnatomy
• Syllabus• STEMCenter61-3318• AnatomicalTerminologyExam– 25questions– Bringascantron
ANATOMY
• Thestudyofbodystructures• Literallymeans“tocutup;todissect”
De Corporis Humani Fabrica, Vesalius, 1543
AnatomicalPosition
• AnatomicalPosition– standingorlyingonyourback,face,palmsandfeetforward
• TheLongitudinalMidlineAxis– Imaginarystraightlinefromtopofyourheadthroughtherestofyourbody
– Everystructureispositionedinafieldsurroundingthisaxis
DirectionalTerms• Anterior/Posterior
– Ventral/Dorsal
• Superior/Inferior• Medial/Lateral• Proximal/Distal• Superficial/Deep• Internal/External• Central/Peripheral• Visceral/Parietal• Ipsilateral/Contralateral• Supine/Prone
OrganizationoftheHumanBody
• Thebodyisorganizedintoseparateanddistinctspacescalledbodycavities– Cranialcavity• Vertebralcanal
– Thoraciccavity• 2pleuralcavities• Pericardialcavity
– AbdominopelvicCavity• Quadrants• Regions
SkeletalSystem
• Inlabyouwillbelearning:1. Toidentifyeachboneinthebody2. Todeterminethehandednessofpairedbones3. Toidentifybonefeatures
• Bonesprovideaframeworktosupportyourbodyandprotectyourinternalorgans
• Somebonefeaturesserveasattachmentpointsformuscles,tendonsandjoints
OrganizationoftheSkeletonMajorDivisions
• Axial– bonesthatformtheaxisofthebody– supportandprotecttheorgansofthehead,neckandtrunk
• Appendicular– thebonesoftheupperandlowerextremities+2bonygirdlesthatattachtheextremitiestotheaxialskeleton
AppendicularSkeleton
• PelvicGirdle– Oscoxae
• LowerLimb– Femur– Tibia– Fibula– Patella– Tarsals– Metatarsals– Phalanges
• PectoralGirdle– Scapula– Clavicle
• Upperlimb– Humerus– Ulna– Radius– Carpals– Metacarpals– Phalanges
NumberofBones:AxialSkeleton
Structure Fetus AdultCranial 8 8Facial 14 14Auditoryossicles 6 6Hyoid 1 1Vertebralcolumn(fusion) 33±1 26±1Ribcage 25 25Total 87±1 80±1
NumberofBones:AppendicularSkeleton
Structure Fetus Adult
Pectoralgirdle 4 4
Upperextremities 60 60
Pelvicgirdle(fusion) 6 2
Lowerextremities 60 60
Total 130 126
Totalskeleton 217 206
BoneFeatures
• Bonefeaturesarebumps,grooves,depressions,openings,etc.
• Boneswillhavearticular andnon-articularfeatures– Articulation:where2ormorebonesareincontactwithoneanotheratjoints
– Non-articularfeaturesserveaspointsofattachmentformuscleseitherdirectlyorviatendonsandforligamentattachment
ArticularSurfaceFeatures
• Facet– smoothflatarticulatingsurface
• Condyle– smoothroundedarticulatingknob
• Head– prominentcondyleonaneck
Non- ArticularSurfaceFeatures• Crestorline– narrowridge
• Tuberosity– largeroughenedsurface
• Tubercle– smallroundedroughprocess
• Epicondyle– aroughenedprojectionnexttoacondyle
• Trochanter– massiveroughenedprocess(femuronly)
• Process– anymarkedbonyprominence
• Spine– alongslenderprocess