introduction to filter (1).ppt

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9/6/2013 1

Introduction to theBioSand Filter



9/6/2013 2

Introduction to BioSand Filter

• Water Cycle

• Global and Local

Water Issues

• HHWT• BSF’s Purpose

• What’s it made of

• How it works



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4“ Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report”



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Forecast

Experts predict that by

2025, 1/3 of the world

population will not havewater due to the

increase in population

and water

contamination.



Philippines Water Situation

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• WATER USED

• (million cubic

meters per day)• Agriculture 402

(76%)

• Industrial 83 (16%)

• Domestic 22 (8%)

• TOTAL 507

• WATER

AVAILABLE

• Surface Water 883 million meters3/day

• Ground Water 142 million meters3/day

• TOTAL 1025



12 Million People In the

Philippines have no access toSafe Water

• DISCUSSION – What Water Issues are there in your

community.

• Quantity

• Quality

– What Water Treatments are currently used

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Household Water Treatments

• Boiling (cost, time, quantity)

• SODIS (time, quantity, sunlight, containers)

• Chlorination (cost, taste, availability)

• Ceramic Filter (cost, quantity, safety)

• Sedimentation (time, effectiveness)

• Other Filters (replacement of filtering media,

costs, durability, quantity, maintenance)

9/6/2013 8



9/6/2013 9

Bio-Sand Filters Purpose

• Filters out very small suspended particles.

– This includes micro-organisms that make us sick

• Bacteria 90 to 100%

• Virus 90 to 100%• Protozoa 95 to 100%

• Helmiths 100%

• Lowers contamination level to where the body can tolerate

– Removes Iron 67% to 95%

– Adaptation can remove Arsenic 85% to 95%

– Removes other suspended particles, sand mud,

leaves etc, ie. Muddy water becomes clear



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Bio-Sand Filters Purpose

• Does not remove: – Dissolved solids such as salt from sea-water

– All organic chemicals

• Designed for Household use. Up to 200 liters per day,sufficient for family to use for drinking, food preparationand bathing.

• For communal systems the alternative is to design largeslow sand filters or more complex rapid sand filters.

• Including labor and overhead a livelihood organizationcan produce these filters at about 1000p to 1500P each.

• Once installed there are no ongoing costs. Sand isnever replaced or changed. Minimal maintenance workrequire. Just has to be used once a day.



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What’s it made of?

ConcreteExterior

Wooden Lid

Tubing

Sand Bed

Large Gravel

Fine Gravel

Diffusion Plate



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What’s it made of?

ConcreteExterior

Wooden Lid

Tubing

Sand Bed

Large Gravel

Fine Gravel

Diffusion Plate

Vital Statistics

•Maximum Flow Rate

•1 liter per minute

•2” Large Gravel

•(approx 3 liters)

•2” Fine Gravel

•(approx 3 liters)

•Standing Water level

•2” above sand



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How does it work?

4 Processes of Filtration

1. Mechanical

Trapping

2. Adsorpt ion

3.Predation

4. Natural Die Off



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How does it happen?

1. Water is poured into thetop of the Filter.



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How does it happen?

2. The Diffusion Plate slows theforce of the water.

Diffusion Plate



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How does it happen?

3. Water then travels slowly intothe biological layer at the top

of the sand.

Biological

Layer



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How does it happen?

4. Water continues slowly throughthe sand bed.

Sand Bed



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How does it happen?

5. After passing through bothlevels of gravel, the water is

propelled up and out.

Large Gravel

Fine Gravel



9/6/2013 19

Kevin Lee

Execut ive Directo r

[email protected]

0926.648.6420

Gemma Bulos

Founder

[email protected]

0920.840.0945

WEBSITE

www.asingledrop.org

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.asingledrop.org/








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