introduction ninetieth /'momw le/ nonaséximo/a /ucw/ mascota, ... tail /wmo/ cola, rabo teach...

April /'CBUpLo/ abril

August /'GZLgW/ agosto

black /VoDY/ negro/a

blue /VoI/ azul

book /VHY/ libro

brown /VpPm/ marrón; castaño/a

December /XB'gClVL/ decembro

eight /CBW/ oito

eighteen /CB'WAm/ dezaoito

eighteenth /CB'WAme/ décimo oitavo/a

eighth /CBWe/ oitavo/a

eightieth /'CBWiLe/ octoxésimo/a

eighty /'CBWi/ oitenta

eleven /B'oCdm/ once

eleventh /B'oCdme/ décimo primeiro/a

February /'cCVpILpi/ febreiro

fifteen /cBc'WAm/ quince

fifteenth /cBc'WAme/ décimo quinto/a

fifth /cBce/ quinto/a

fiftieth /'cBcWiLe/ quincuaxésimo/a

fifty /'cBcWi/ cincuenta

first /cKgW/ primeiro/a

five /cOd/ cinco

fortieth /'cGWiLe/ cuadraxésimo/a

forty /'cGWi/ corenta

four /cG/ catro

fourteen /cG'WAm/ catorce

fourteenth /cG'WAme/ décimo cuarto/a

fourth /cGe/ cuarto/a

Friday /'cpOXM/ venres, sexta feira

green /ZpAm/ verde

grey /ZpCB/ gris

January /'bDmqHLpi/ xaneiro

July /bI'oO/ xullo

June /XjIm/ xuño

March /lEa/ marzo

May /lM/ maio

Monday /'lJmXM/ luns, segunda feira

nine /mOm/ nove

nineteen /mOm'WAm/ dezanove

nineteenth /mOm'WAme/ décimo noveno/a

ninetieth /'mOmWiLe/ nonaséximo/a

ninety /'mOmWi/ noventa

ninth /mOme/ noveno/a

notebook /'mNWVHY/ caderno

November /mLH'dClVL/ novembro

October /FY'WNVL/ outubro

one /rJm/ un

one hundred /rJm 'kJmXpLX/ cen, cento

orange /'FpBmb/ laranxa

pen /UCm/ bolígrafo

pencil /'UCmgo/ lapis

pencil case /'UCmgo YMg/ estoxo

pink /UBnY/ rosa

purple /'UKUo/ morado/a

red /pCX/ vermello/a

rubber /'pJVL/ goma, borrador

ruler /'pIoL/ regra

Saturday /'gDWLXM/ sábado

schoolbag /'gYIoVDZ/ mochila

second /'gCYLmX/ segundo/a

September /gCU'WClVL/ setembro

seven /'gCdm/ sete

seventeen /gCdm'WAm/ dezasete

seventeenth /gCdm'WAme/ décimo sétimo/a

seventh /'gCdme/ sétimo/a

seventieth /'gCdmWiLe/ septuaxésimo/a

seventy /'gCdmWi/ setenta

six /gBYg/ seis

sixteen /gBYg'WAm/ dezaseis

sixteenth /gBYg'WAme/ décimo sexto/a

sixth /gBYge/ sexto/a

sixtieth /'gBYgWiLe/ sesaxésimo/a

sixty /'gBYgWi/ sesenta

Sunday /'gJmXM/ domingo

tablet /'WDVoLW/ tableta

ten /WCm/ dez

tenth /WCme/ décimo/a

third /eKX/ terceiro/a

thirteen /eK'WAm/ trece

thirteenth /eK'WAme/ décimo terceiro/a

thirtieth /'eKWiLe/ trixésimo/a

thirty /'eKWi/ trinta

three /epA/ tres

introduction

1Action! ESO 1 Galician © B Burlington Books

Glossary

Glossary

Thursday /'eKhXM/ xoves, quinta feira

Tuesday /'WqIhXM/ martes, terza feira

twelfth /WrCoce/ décimo segundo/a

twelve /WrCod/ doce

twentieth /'WrCmWiLe/ vixésimo/a

twenty /'WrCmWi/ vinte

twenty-eighth /WrCmWi'CBWe/ vixésimo oitavo/a

two /WI/ dous, dúas

Wednesday /'rCmhXM/ mércores, cuarta feira

white /rOW/ branco/a

yellow /'qCoN/ amarelo/a

unit 1according to /L'YGXBn WL/ segundo

account /L'YPmW/ conta

age /CBb/ idade

assignment /L'gOmlLmW/ traballo, tarefa

aunt /EmW/ tía

brother /'VpJfL/ irmán

celebrity /gL'oCVpLWi/ persoeiro, persoa célebre

children /'WiBoXpLm/ nenos/as; fillos/as

China /'WiOmL/ China

Chinese /WiO'mAh/ chinés/esa

cousin /'YJhm/ curmán/á

daughter /'XGWL/ filla

Ecuador /'CYrLXG/ Ecuador

Ecuadorian /CYrL'XGpiLm/ ecuatoriano/a

England /'BnZoLmX/ Inglaterra

English /'BnZoBi/ inglés/esa

family name /'cDlLoi mMl/ apelido

family tree /cDlLoi 'WpA/ árbore xenealóxica

father /'cEfL/ pai

France /cpEmg/ Francia

French /cpCma/ francés/esa

fun /cJm/ divertido/a, entretido/a (have ~: divertirse)

grandfather /'ZpDmcEfL/ avó

grandmother /'ZpDmlJfL/ avoa

grandparent /'ZpDmUSpLmW/ avó/oa

Ireland /'OLoLmX/ Irlanda

Irish /'OpBi/ irlandés/esa

meaning /'lAmBn/ significado

middle name /lBXo 'mCBl/ segundo nome

Moroccan /lL'pFYLm/ marroquí

Morocco /lL'pFYLH/ Marrocos

mother /'lJfL/ nai

parent /'UCLpLmW/ pai / nai

Romania /pH'lMmiL/ Romanía

Romanian /pH'lMmiLm/ romanés/esa

Russia /'pJiL/ Rusia

Russian /'pJim/ ruso/a

Scotland /'gYFWoLmX/ Escocia

Scottish /'gYFWBi/ escocés/esa

sister /'gBgWL/ irmá

son /gJm/ fillo

Spain /gUCBm/ España

Spanish /'gUDmBi/ español/a

surname /'gKmMl/ apelido

survey /'gKdM/ enquisa

teen(ager) /'WAmMbL/ adolescente

uncle /'JnYo/ tío

Wales /rMoh/ Gales

Welsh /rCoi/ galés/esa

unit 2busy /'VBhi/ ocupado/a; atarefado/a; concorrido/a,

ateigado/a

chat online /aDW Fm'oOm/ chatear online / na Rede / en Internet

daily /'XMoi/ diario/a

do homework /XI 'kNlrKY/ facer os deberes

either /'OfL/ tampouco

get dressed /ZCW 'XpCgW/ vestirse

get up /ZCW 'JU/ erguerse

go home /ZLH 'kNl/ ir(se), marchar á casa

go shopping /ZLH 'iFUBn/ ir de compras / tendas

go swimming /ZLH 'grBlBn/ ir nadar

go to bed /ZLH WL 'VCX/ deitarse, ir(se) á cama

go to school /ZLH WL 'gYIo/ ir ao colexio

half past /'kEc UEgW/ e media (reloxo)

have a shower /kDd L 'iPL/ ducharse

have breakfast /kDd 'VpCYcLgW/ almorzar

have dinner /kDd 'XBmL/ cear

have lunch /kDd 'oJmWi/ comer, xantar

listen to music /oBgm WL 'lqIhBY/ escoitar música

meet friends /lAW 'cpCmXh/ quedar con amigos

play computer games /UoM YLl'UqIWL ZMlh/ xogar a xogos de ordenador

play football /UoM 'cHWVGo/ xogar ao fútbol

play the guitar /UoM fL ZB'WE/ tocar a guitarra


Glossary

rarely /'pCLoi/ case nunca, rara vez, raramente

read a book /pAX L 'VHY/ ler un libro

read e-mails /pAX 'AlCBoh/ ler correos electrónicos

real-life /pALo'oOc/ auténtico/a, verdadeiro/a, da vida real

ride a bike /pOX L 'VOY/ montar / ir en bici

save /gMd/ aforrar

send text messages /gCmX 'WCYgW lCgBb/ mandar mensaxes (de texto)

social networking site /gNio 'mCWrKYBn gOW/ sitio web de redes sociais

task /WEgY/ tarefa

tidy my room /'WOXi lO pIl/ ordenar / recoller o meu cuarto / a miña habitación

watch TV /rFa WA'dA/ ver a televisión

unit 3amazing /L'lMhBn/ asombroso/a, abraiante, incríbel

arm /El/ brazo

butterfly /'VJWLcoO/ bolboreta

canary /YL'mCLpi/ canario

catch /YDa/ pescar

costume /'YFgWqIl/ disfrace

designer (clothes) /XB'hOmL (YoNfh)/ (roupa) de deseño

die /XO/ morrer

dolphin /'XFocim/ golfiño

ear /R/ orella; oído

elephant /'CoBcLmW/ elefante

endangered /Bm'XMmbLX/ en perigo de extinción

explanation /CYgUoL'mMim/ explicación

eye /O/ ollo

finger /'cBnZL/ dedo (da man)

fisherman /'cBiLlLm/ pescador

foot /cHW/ pé; pata

frog /cpFZ/ ra

fur /cK/ pelo, pelaxe; pel

giraffe /bL'pEc/ xirafa

hair /kCL/ pelo

hand /kæmX/ man

head /kCX/ cabeza

hit /kBW/ golpear, bater

horse /kGg/ cabalo

kill /YBo/ matar

leg /oCZ/ perna, pata

lion /'oOLm/ león

look for /'oHY cG/ procurar, buscar

lover /'oJdL/ afeccionado/a, amante

mermaid /'lKlCBX/ serea

monkey /'lJnYi/ mono

mouse /lPg/ rato

mouth /lPe/ boca

noise /mQh/ ruído

nose /mNh/ nariz

oxygen tank /'FYgBbLm WDnY/ botella / tanque de osíxeno

panda /'UDmXL/ panda

pet /UCW/ mascota, animal doméstico

rabbit /'pDVBW/ coello

shark /iEY/ quenlla

snake /gmMY/ serpe

stand /gWæmX/ estar de pé

tail /WMo/ cola, rabo

teach /WAa/ ensinar

teeth /WAe/ dentes

tiger /'WOZL/ tigre

toe /WN/ deda

turtle /'WKWo/ tartaruga, sapoconcho

unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/ inusual, pouco común / corrente

whale /rMo/ balea

wing /rBn/ á

worry about /'rJpi LVPW/ preocuparse por

zebra /'hCVpL/ cebra

unit 4ancient /'MmiLmW/ antigo/a

bathroom /'VEepIl/ cuarto de baño

bed /VCX/ cama

bedroom /'VCXpIl/ dormitorio, cuarto

carpet /'YEUBW/ alfombra; moqueta

chair /aS/ cadeira

charity /'WiDpLWi/ obras benéficas; beneficencia, organización benéfica

chore /WiG/ tarefa, quefacer

cook dinner /YHY 'XBmL/ facer a cea

cupboard /'YJVLX/ armario

desk /XCgY/ escritorio

dining room /'XOmBn pIl/ comedor

do the dishes /XI fL 'XBiBh/ lavar / fregar os pratos

do the washing /XI fL 'rFiBn/ facer a coada

enter /'CmWL/ entrar en


exhibition /CYgB'VBim/ exposición

feed the dog /cAX fL 'XFZ/ dar de comer ao can

first floor /'cKgW coG/ primeiro andar / piso

floor /coG/ chan, solo

garage /'ZDpEj/ garaxe

garden /'ZEXm/ xardín

Greece /ZpAg/ Grecia

ground floor /'ZpPmX coG/ planta baixa

hall /kGo/ entrada (Br. Eng.); corredor (Am. Eng.)

hole /kNo/ burato, abertura

hot /kFW/ caloroso/a, cálido/a (it´s ~: vai calor)

household /'kPgkLHoX/ doméstico/a, da casa, do fogar

kitchen /'YBWiBm/ cociña

lamp /oDlU/ lámpada

living room /'oBdBn pIl/ cuarto de estar, salón

make the bed /lCBY fL 'VCX/ facer a cama

mirror /'lBpL/ espello

miss /lBg/ perderse

model /'lFXo/ maqueta, modelo a escala

roof /pIc/ tellado, teito

shelf /iCoc/ estante, andel

sofa /'gLHcL/ sofá

sponsor /'gUFmgL/ patrocinador/a

sweep the floor /grAU fL 'coG/ varrer o chan

table /'WMVo/ mesa

take out the rubbish /WMY PW fL 'pJVBi/ sacar o lixo

together /WL'ZCfL/ xuntos/as

toilet /'WQoLW/ baño, servizo, váter

Turkey /'WKYi/ Turquía

wall /rGo/ parede, muro

water the plants /'rGWL fL UoEmWg/ regar as plantas

unit 5advice /LX'dOg/ consello/s

angry /'DnZpi/ enfadado/a, amolado/a

apple /'DUo/ mazá

banana /VL'mEmL/ banana

bored /VGX/ aborrecido/a

bread /VpCX/ pan

cabbage /'YDVBXj/ col/coella, repolo

cake /YMY/ torta, pastel

carrot /'YDpLW/ cenoria

cheese /aAh/ queixo

chemical /'YClBYo/ produto / substancia químico/a

chicken /'aBYBm/ polo

chips /aBUg/ patacas fritas / fritidas

chocolate /'aFYoLW/ chocolate

cucumber /'YqIYJlVL/ cogombro

egg /CZ/ ovo

excited /BY'gOWBX/ emocionado/a, ilusionado/a

fast food /cEgW 'cIX/ comida rápida

fish /cBi/ peixe(s)

fizzy drink /cBhi 'XpBnY/ bebida con gas, refresco

frightened /'cpOWmX/ asustado/a, amedoñado/a

fruit salad /cpIW 'gDoLX/ macedonia

gene /bAm/ xene

goal /ZNo/ meta, obxectivo

ham /kDl/ xamón

happy /'kæUi/ feliz, ledo/a, contento/a

hate /kMW/ odiar

healthy /'kCoei/ san/sa, saudábel

hide /kOX/ ocultar, agochar

hungry /'kJnZpi/ famento/a, esfameado/a (be ~: ter fame)

ice cream /Og 'YpAl/ xeado

juice /bIg/ zume

junk food /'bJnY cIX/ comida lixo

lettuce /'oCWBg/ leituga

lunchroom /'oJmapIl/ comedor

mark /lEY/ cualificación

meal /lAo/ comida

meat /lAW/ carne

milk /lBoY/ leite

mushroom /'lJipHl/ cogomelo

olive /'FoBd/ oliva

onion /'JmqLm/ cebola

orange /'FpBmb/ laranxa

potato /UL'WMWN/ pataca

reader /'pAXL/ lector/a

recipe /'pCgLUi/ receita

rice /pOg/ arroz

sad /gDX/ triste, tristeiro/a

salad /'gDoLX/ ensalada

sandwich /'gDmrBa/ sándwich

sauce /gGg/ prebe, salsa, mollo

sensitive /'gCmgLWBd/ sensíbel

soup /gIU/ sopa

Glossary


spaghetti /gUL'ZCWi/ espaguetes

strawberry /'gWpGVLpi/ amorodo

sugar /'iHZL/ azucre

surprised /gL'UpOhX/ sorprendido/a

sweet /grAW/ doce

taste /WMgW/ gusto, gosto

tea /WA/ té

thirsty /'eKgWi/ sedento/a (be ~: ter sede)

tired /'WOLX/ canso/a

tomato /WL'lEWN/ tomate

try /WpO/ probar

vegetable /'dCbWLVo/ verdura, hortaliza, legume

unit 6baseball /'VMgVGo/ béisbol

basketball /'VEgYBWVGo/ baloncesto; balón de baloncesto

bounce /VPmg/ botar, rebotar

carry /'YDpi/ levar

catch /YDa/ coller

compete /YLl'UAW/ competir

cycling /'gOYoBn/ ciclismo

dance /XEmg/ bailar

fast /cEgW/ á présa, axiña, rapidamente

finish /'cBmBi/ rematar, concluír

fit /cBW/ en forma

football /'cHWVGo/ fútbol

gymnastics /bBl'mægWBYg/ ximnasia

hard /kEX/ duro, moito; difícil; forte

hit /kBW/ golpear

horse riding /'kGg pOXBn/ montar a cabalo; equitación

ice skating /'Og gYMWBn/ patinaxe sobre xeo

judo /'bIXN/ judo

jump /bJlU/ saltar, brincar

Kenyan /'YCmqLm/ kenyano/a, de Kenya

kick /YBY/ dar unha patada / pancada a

lose /oIh/ perder

practice /'UpæYWBg/ costume, práctica

quickly /'YrBYoi/ á présa, rapidamente

race /pMg/ carreira

rollerblading /'pNoLVoMXBn/ patinaxe en liña

run /pJm/ correr

sailing /'gMoBn/ (navegación a) vela

score /gYG/ marcar, anotar

skateboarding /'gYMWVGXBn/ montar en monopatín

skiing /'gYABn/ esquí

snowboarding /'gmNVGXBn/ snowboard, surf de neve

spectators /gUCY'WMWLh/ público, espectadores

start /gWEW/ comezar (a)

surfing /'gKcBn/ surf

swim /grBl/ nadar

tennis /'WCmBg/ tenis

throw /epN/ guindar, lanzar; tirar

train /WpMm/ adestrar

volleyball /'dFoiVGo/ voleibol, balonvolea

weigh /rM/ pesar

win /rBm/ gañar

young age /qJn 'CBb/ moi novo/a / pequeno/a

unit 7airport /'CLUGW/ aeroporto

bakery /'VMYLpi/ panadaría

bank /VDnY/ banco

behind /VB'kOmX/ detrás de

between /VB'WrAm/ entre (dous)

bookshop /'VHYiFU/ libraría

building /'VBoXBn/ edificio

butcher's /'VHaLh/ carnizaría

café /'YæcM/ cafetaría, café

capture /'YæUWiL/ capturar, coller

chemist's /'YClBgWg/ farmacia

church /WiKa/ igrexa

cinema /'gBmLlL/ cine

cure /YqHL/ cura, curación

ghost /ZNgW/ fantasma, pantasma

goth /ZFe/ gótico/a

gothic /'ZFeBY/ gótico/a

haunted /'kGmWBX/ enfeitizado/a, embruxado/a

hospital /'kFgUBWo/ hospital

in /Bm/ en, dentro de

in front of /Bm 'cpJmW Ld/ diante de

library /'oOVpLpi/ biblioteca

museum /lqI'hALl/ museo

next to /'mCYgW WL/ a carón de

on /Fm/ sobre, en

Glossary


opposite /'FULhBW/ en fronte de

over /'NdL/ sobre

post office /'UNgW FcBg/ oficina de correos

restaurant /'pCgWpFmW/ restaurante

review /pB'dqI/ crítica, opinión

sailor /'gMoL/ mariñeiro/a

shopping centre /'iFUBn gCmWL/ centro comercial

show /iLH/ espectáculo

sports centre /'gUGWg gCmWL/ polideportivo

stadium /'gWCBXiLl/ estadio

supermarket /'gIULlEYBW/ supermercado

sweet shop /'grAW iFU/ tenda de lambonadas

under /'JmXL/ debaixo de

unit 8beautiful /'VqIWBco/ fermoso/a, bonito/a; guapa

boots /VIWg/ botas

cheap /aAU/ barato/a

clothing /'YoNfBn/ (de) roupa

club /YoJV/ bar, club

colourful /'YJoLco/ colorido/a, de cores vivas

dress /XpCg/ vestido

duchess /'XJWiLg/ duquesa

expensive /BY'gUCmgBd/ caro/a

fashion trend /'cæim WpCmX/ moda, tendencia

fat /cæW/ gordo/a, groso/a

funny /'cJmi/ gracioso/a; estraño/a

great /ZpCBW/ moi bo/a, xenial (look ~: estar guapísimo/a)

hairstyle /'kCLgWOo/ peiteado

hat /kDW/ pucha; sombreiro, chapeu

influence /'BmcoHLmg/ influír en / sobre

jacket /'bDYBW/ chaqueta

jeans /bAmh/ pantalóns vaqueiros

long /oFn/ longo/a

new /mqI/ novo/a

old /NoX/ vello/a

sandals /'gDmXoh/ sandalias

scarf /gYEc/ bufanda

shirt /iKW/ camisa

shoes /iIh/ zapatos

short /iGW/ curto/a; baixo/a

shorts /iGWg/ pantalóns curtos

skirt /gYKW/ saia

socks /gFYg/ calcetíns

strange /gWpMmb/ estraño/a, raro/a

sweater /'grCWL/ xersei

swimsuit /'grBlgIW/ traxe de baño

T-shirt /'WAiKW/ camiseta

tall /WGo/ alto/a

thin /eBm/ delgado/a, fraco/a

trainers /'WpMmLh/ zapatillas de deporte

trousers /'WpPhLh/ pantalóns

ugly /'JZoi/ feo/a

unit 9aeroplane /'CLpLUoCBm/ avión

air pollution /'CL ULoIim/ contaminación do ar / atmosférica

battery /'VDWpi/ batería

beach /VAWi/ praia

bicycle /'VOgBYo/ bicicleta

boat /VNW/ barco; barca, bote

bungee-jump /'VJmZA bJlU/ facer pontismo

bus /VJg/ autobús

canyon /'YæmqLm/ canón

car /YE/ coche

cliff /YoBc/ acantilado; cavorco

death /XCe/ (da) morte

desert /'XChLW/ deserto

drive /XpOd/ conducir; ir en coche

fight /cOW/ pelexar / loitar contra

fly /coO/ voar; ir en avión

forest /'cFpBgW/ bosque

free /cpA/ gratuíto/a

green /ZpAm/ ecolóxico/a

helicopter /'kCoBYFUWL/ helicóptero

highlights /'kOoOWg/ o máis salientábel

hill /kBo/ outeiro

island /'OoLmX/ illa

jeep /bAU/ todo terreo

jungle /'bJnZo/ selva, xungla

lake /oMY/ lago

lorry /'oFpi/ camión

machine /lL'iAm/ máquina

motorbike /'lNWLVOY/ motocicleta, moto

mountain /'lPmWLm/ montaña

Glossary


ocean /'Nim/ océano

reef /pAc/ arrecife, baixío

return /pB'WKm/ devolver; volver (~ ticket: billete ida e volta)

ride /pOX / montar / ir (en)

river /'pBdL/ río

sail /gMo/ navegar; ir en barco; zarpar, saír

scene /gAm/ escena

scooter /'gYIWL/ vespa, scooter

ship /iBU/ barco

side /gOX/ lado, aspecto

stream /gWpAl/ regueiro, arroio

stunt /gWJmW/ escena / toma perigosa

stunt person /'gWJmW UKgm/ dobre de acción / risco

take /WMY/ coller, ir en; levar (a)

taxi /'WæYgi/ taxi

topic /'WFUBY/ tema, asunto

tractor /'WpDYWL/ tractor

train /WpMm/ tren

tram /WpDl/ tranvía

underground /'JmXLZpPmX/ metro

valley /'dDoi/ val

van /dDm/ furgoneta, camioneta

volcano /dFo'YMmN/ volcán

wide /rOX/ de ancho

Glossary


introduction

Greetings and IntroductionsHello, my name’s (Peter). /kLoLH lO mMlh ('UAWL)/ Ola, chámome (Peter).

Hi, (Peter). /'kO (UAWL)/ Ola, (Peter).

I’m (Susan). /Ol ('gIhm)/ Son (Susan).

Nice to meet you. /mOg WL 'lAW qI/ Encantado/a de coñecerte.

Nice to meet you, too. /mOg WL lAW qI 'WI/ Encantado/a de coñecerte., Igualmente.

Classroom LanguageWhen is the (English) lesson? /rCm Bh fL ('BnZoBi) oCgm/ Cando é a clase de (inglés)?

What’s the homework? /rFWg fL 'kNlrKY/ Que deberes hai?, Cales son os deberes?

Who knows the answer to question (1)? /kI mNh fA 'EmgL WL YrCgWiLm (rJm)/ Quen sabe a resposta á pregunta (1)?

Can you spell (notebook)? /YLm qI gUCo ('mNWVHY)/ Podes / Sabes soletrear (notebook)?

How do you say this in English? /kP XL qI gM fBg Bm 'BnZoBi/ Como dis / se di isto en inglés?

What page are we on? /rFW 'UCBb E rA Fm/ En que páxina estamos?

Please sit down. /UoAh gBW 'XNm/ Senta / Sentade, por favor.

Please read the text. /UoAh pAX fL 'WCsW/ Le/de o texto, por favor.

Do you understand the question? /XL qI JmXLgWDmX fL 'YrCgWiLm/ Entendes a pregunta?

Can you help me, please? /YLm qI 'kCoU lA UoAh/ Póde(s)me axudar, por favor?

Please open your books to page (6). /UoAh 'NULm qG VHYg WL UCBb (gBYg)/ Abride os libros pola páxina (6), por favor.

Please be quiet. /UoAh VA 'YrOLW/ Calade / Silencio, por favor.

Listen carefully. /oBgm 'YCLcLoi/ Escoita/de con atención.

I’m sorry I’m late. /Ol 'gFpi Ol oCBW/ Sinto chegar tarde.

unit 1

Exchanging Personal InformationWhere are you from? /rCL E qI 'cpFl/ De onde es?

I’m from (England). /Ol cpLl ('BnZoLmX)/ Son de (Inglaterra).

When is your birthday? /rCm Bh qG 'VKeXM/ Cando é o teu aniversario?

It’s (9th September). /BWg (fL mOme Ld gCU'WClVL)/ É o (9 de setembro).

What’s your e-mail address? /rFWg qG 'AlCBo LXpCg/ Cal é o teu enderezo de correo electrónico?

What’s your name? /rFWg qG 'mMl/ Como te chamas?

Have you got a middle name? /kDd qI ZFW L 'lBXo mMl/ Tes segundo nome?

What’s your surname? /rFWg qG 'gKmMl/ Como te apelidas?

How old are you? /kP 'NoX E qI/ Cantos anos tes?

How many brothers and sisters have you got? /kP lCmi 'VpJfLh LmX 'gBgWLh kDd qI ZFW/ Cantos irmáns tes?

Have you got an e-mail address? /kDd qI ZFW Dm 'AlCBo LXpCg/ Tes enderezo de correo electrónico?

unit 2

Talking About Routines and ActivitiesI often go to bed at (eleven o’clock). /O 'Fcm ZLH WL VCX LW (BoCdm LYoFY)/ A miúdo déitome / Adoito deitarme a

(as once en punto).

I never go to bed at (eleven o’clock). /O 'mCdL ZLH WL VCX LW (BoCdm LYoFY)/ Nunca me deito a (as once en punto).


Speaking Glossary

I sometimes (do homework on Saturdays). /O 'gJlWOlh (XI kNlrKY Fm gDWLXMh)/ Ás veces (fago os deberes os sábados).

We usually (play football in the afternoon). /rA 'qIhILoi (UoM cHWVGo Bm fL EcWLmIm)/ Polo xeral (xogamos ao fútbol pola tarde).

She rarely (watches TV). /iA 'pCLoi (rFaBh WAdA)/ (Ela) Case nunca (ve a televisión).

He always (rides a bike). /kA 'GorCBh (pOXh L VOY)/ (El) Sempre (vai en bici).

unit 3

Talking About PetsHave you got a pet? /kDd qI ZFW L 'UCW/ Tes unha mascota?

What colour is it? /rFW 'YJoL Bh BW/ De que cor é?

What does it do? /rFW XJh BW 'XI/ Que fai?

It (jumps). /BW ('bJlUg)/ (Brinca).

When does it sleep? /rCm XJh BW 'goAU/ Cando dorme?

It sleeps (at night and during the day). /BW 'goAUg (LW mOW LmX XqHLpBn fL XM)/ Dorme (pola noite e ao longo do día).

Describing AnimalsWhat does it look like? /rFW XJh BW 'oHY oOY/ Que aspecto ten?, Como é (de aspecto)?

It has got (big ears and a small tail). /BW kLh ZFW (VBZ 'Rh LmX L glGo WMo)/ Ten (orellas grandes e unha cola pequena).

Where does it live? /rCL XJh BW 'oBd/ Onde vive?

It lives in (Africa and Asia). /BW oBdh Bm ('DcpBYL LmX CBjL)/ Vive en (África e Asia).

What does it eat? /rFW XJh BW 'AW/ Que come?

It eats (plants). /BW AWg ('UoEmWg)/ Come (plantas).

How big is it? /kP 'VBZ Bh BW/ Como é de grande?

It’s (up to four metres tall). /BWg (JU WL 'cG lAWLh WGo)/ Mide (até catro metros de alto/a).

What animal is it? /rFW 'DmBlo Bh BW/ Que animal é?

unit 4

Describing a HouseHave you got a house or a flat? /kDd qI ZFW L 'kPg G L 'coDW/ Tes unha casa ou un piso?

How many rooms has your (house) got? /kP lCmi 'pIlh kLh qG (kPg) ZFW/ Cantos cuartos ten a túa (casa)?

Has it got a (dining room)? /kLh BW ZFW L ('XOmBn pIl)/ Ten (un comedor)?

What’s in the (living room)? /rFWg Bm fL ('oBdBn pIl)/ Que hai no (salón)?

Describing PicturesWho’s in your picture? /'kIh Bm qG UBYaL/ Quen hai / sae na túa fotografía?

Is (Dan tidying his room) in your picture? /Bh (XDm WOXiBn kBh 'pIl) Bm qG UBYaL/ ¿(Dan) está (a ordenar o seu cuarto) na túa fotografía?

What’s (Pam) doing? /rFWg ('UDl) XIBn/ Que está a facer (Pam)?

Where is she? /rCL 'Bh iA/ Onde está (ela)?

Are (Mike and Charles making the beds) in your picture? /E (lOY LmX aEoh lCBYBn fL 'VCXh) BmqG UBYaL/ (Mike e Charles) están (a facer as camas) na túa fotografía?

Speaking Glossary


Speaking Glossary

unit 5

Talking About Likes and DislikesLet's have lunch. /oCWg kLd 'oJma/ Imos xantar., Xantemos.

What have you got? /rFW kLd qI 'ZFW/ Que tes?

Do you like (fish)? /XL qI oOY ('cBi)/ Gústache (o peixe)?

How about (chicken)? /kP LVPW ('aBYBm)/ Que hai do (polo)?

I love /like (spaghetti). /O 'oJd /'oOY (gULZCWi)/ Encántanme / gústanme (os espaguetes).

I don’t mind (chicken). /O 'XLHmW lOmX (aBYBm)/ Non me desgusta / desagrada (o polo).

I don’t like / I hate (fish). /O 'XLHmW oOY /O 'kCBW (cBi)/ Non me gusta / Aborrezo (o peixe).

Ordering FoodWould you like to order? /rHX qI oOY WL 'GXL/ Quere pedir?, Tómo(lle) nota?

I’d like (the chicken), please. /OX oOY (fL 'aBYBm) UoAh/ Quero (polo), por favor.

(The chicken) comes with (rice or salad). /(fL aBYBm) YJlh rBf ('pOg G gDoLX)/ (O polo) vai acompañado de (arroz ou ensalada).

Which do you prefer? /rBa XL qI UpB'cK/ Cal prefire?

Are there any (olives in the salad)? /E fCL Cmi ('FoBdh Bm fL gDoLX)/ Hai (olivas na ensalada)?

Do you want anything to drink? /XL qI rFmW CmieBn WL 'XpBnY/ Quere beber algo / algo para beber?

unit 6

Talking About AbilitiesDo you do sport? /XL qI XI 'gUGW/ Fas deporte?

Can you (play volleyball) well? /Yæm qI (UoM 'dFoiVGo) rCo/ Sabes (xogar) ben (ao voleibol)?

How about you? /kP LVPW 'qI/ E ti?

I can’t (play volleyball) well. /O YEmW (UoM 'dFoiVGo) rCo/ Non sei (xogar) ben (ao voleibol).

I can (play football). /O Yæm (UoM 'cHWVGo)/ Sei (xogar ao fútbol).

Explaining RulesYou must (wear a uniform). /qI 'lJgW (rCL L qImBcGl)/ Debes (levar uniforme).

You mustn’t (wear shoes). /qI 'lJgmW (rCL iIh)/ Non debes (levar zapatos).

You must do this sport with another person. /qI 'lJgW XL fBg gUGW rBf LmJfL UKgm/ Debes practicar este deporte con outra persoa.

You can (hold your opponent) but you mustn’t (hit him). /qI Yæm (kNoX qG LUNmLmW) VJW qI 'lJgmW (kBW kBl)/ Podes (suxeitar o teu adversario), pero non debes (golpealo).

unit 7

Talking About the PastHow was your weekend? /kP rLh qG 'rAYCmX/ Que tal a fin de semana?

It was good, but busy. /BW rLh ZHX VJW 'VBhi/ Estivo ben, pero con moita trasfega.

Were you at the (cinema) on (Saturday afternoon)? /rK qI LW fL ('gBmLlL) Fm (gDWLXM EcWLmIm)/ Estabas / Estiveches no (cine) o (sábado pola tarde)?

I was at the (shopping centre). /O rLh LW fL ('iFUBn gCmWL)/ Estaba / Estiven no (centro comercial).

Who was with you? /kI rLh 'rBf qI/ Quen estaba / estivo contigo?

Where were you on (Saturday)? /rCL rK qI Fm ('gDWLXM)/ Onde estabas / estiveches o (sábado)?

Was it fun? /rLh BW 'cJm/ Foi divertido/a?


Was it a big town in (the 1900s)? /rLh BW L 'VBZ WPm Bm (fL mOmWAm kJmXpLXh)/ Era unha cidade grande (no século XX)?

Was there (a cinema)? /rLh fCL (L 'gBmLlL)/ Había (un cine)?

Were there any (shops) in the town? /rK fCL Cmi ('iFUg) Bm fL WPm/ Había (algunha tenda) na cidade?

What was on (Main Street)? /rFW rLh Fm ('lCBm gWpAW)/ Que había en (Main Street)?

Where was (the school)? /rCL rLh (fL 'gYIo)/ Onde estaba (o colexio)?

unit 8

Buying ClothesExcuse me. / BY'gYqIg lA/ Desculpe.

I’d like to buy a (T-shirt). /OX oOY WL VO L ('WAiKW)/ Quería mercar (unha camiseta).

What size are you? / rFW 'gOh E qI/ Que talla ten / usa?

I’m a (medium). /Ol L ('lAXiLl)/ Teño / Uso unha (mediana).

How about this (T-shirt)? /kP LVPW 'fBg (WAiKW)/ Que tal (esta camiseta)?

It’s nice. /BWg 'mOg/ É bonita.

How much is it? /kP 'lJa Bh BW/ Cando é / custa?

Have you got (any shorts) to match it? /kDd qI ZFW (Cmi 'iGWg) WL læWi BW/ Ten (pantalóns curtos) a xogo?

Do you like these (shorts)? /XL qI oOY fAh ('iGWg)/ Gústanlle estes (pantalóns curtos)?

I love them. /O 'oJd fCl/ Encántanme.

I’ll take the (T-shirt) and the (shorts). /Oo WMY fL (WAiKW) LmX fL ('iGWg)/ Levo (a camiseta) e (os pantalóns curtos).

Talking About Past ActivitiesHe saw (a jacket). /kA gG (L 'bDYBW)/ (El) viu (unha chaqueta).

He asked (his mother for money). /kA EgYW (kBh lJfL cL 'lJmi)/ (El) Pediulle (cartos á súa nai).

He went to (the shopping centre). /kA rCmW WL (fL 'iFUBn gCmWL)/ (El) Foi (ao centro comercial).

He bought (a jacket). /kA VGW (L 'bDYBW)/ (El) Mercou (unha chaqueta).

He went home at (12 o’clock). /kA rCmW kNl LW (WrCod L'YoFY)/ (El) Marchou á casa ás (12 en punto).

unit 9Buying a Train TicketWhen’s the next train to (Bolton)? /rCmh fL mCYgW WpMm WL ('VLHoWLm)/ Cando sae o vindeiro tren a (Bolton)?

It’s in (half an hour). /BWg Bm ('kEc Dm PL)/ Sae en (media hora).

Where do I get the train? /rCL XL O ZCW fL 'WpMm/ Onde collo o tren?

At platform (3). /LW UoDWcGl ('epA)/ Na plataforma (3).

How much is a ticket to (Bolton)? /kP lJa Bh L WBYBW WL ('VLHoWLm)/ Canto é / custa un billete para (Bolton)?

Do you want a single or return ticket? /XI qI rFmW L gBno G pB'WKm WBYBW/ Quere un billete de ida ou de ida e volta?

Planning a HolidayWhere are you going? /rCL E qI 'ZLHBn/ A onde vas?

When are you leaving? /rCm E qI 'oAdBn/ Cando te vas?

When are you returning? /rCm E qI pB'WKmBn/ Cando volves?

How are you getting there? /kP E qI 'ZCWBn fCL/ Como chegas alí?

Where are you going to stay? /rCL E qI ZLHBn WL 'gWM/ Onde te aloxas?

What are you going to do there? /rFW E qI ZLHBn WL 'XI fCL/ Que vas facer alí?

Speaking Glossary



Check Yourself!

introduction

o verbo to be en presente

Significa principalmente “ser” ou “estar”. Emprégase para describir cousas, expresar feitos xerais e sinalar a idade. Na conversa, am, is e are adoitan contraer co pronome persoal suxeito.I’m in Year 8. (Estou en oitavo.)

En negativa engádese a partícula not a todas as formas do verbo to be ou a contracción n’t a is e are (isn’t e aren’t), mais non a am.I’m not at school. (Non estou no colexio.) Laura isn’t in my class. (Laura non está na miña clase.) My notebooks aren’t in my schoolbag. (Os meus cadernos non están na miña mochila.)

En interrogativa invértese a orde do suxeito e o verbo. As respostas curtas fórmanse co pronome persoal suxeito e o verbo to be, sen contraer en afirmativa ou contraído coa partícula not en negativa.Is your teacher in the classroom? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. (A túa profesora está na clase? Está. Si. / Non.)

1 Choose the correct answer.

1. The teacher am / is / are in the classroom.

2. We am / is / are at school now.

3. It am / is / are 9.00 in the morning.

4. Mandy and I am / is / are good students.

5. I am / is / are in Year 8.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of to be.

1. My schoolbag green.

2. We (not) friends.

3. I in the football team.

4. Alex and Tom in my class.

5. My teacher (not) Mr Smith.

6. I (not) 15 years old.

3 Complete the questions with the correct form of to be.

1. you at home now?

2. Sam in Year 9?

3. the students in the classroom?

4. I in your class?

5. it Tuesday today?Choose the correct answer.

1. The pencils am not / isn’t / are on my desk.

2. Jack am / isn’t / are 18 years old.

3. Teachers am / are / aren’t usually children.

4. Am / Is / Are the boys at school today?

5. I am not / is / are not at home now.

6. Am / Is / Are your pencil case blue?

7. Yes, I am / am not / is in the classroom.

8. Monday is / isn’t / are the first day of the week.

Answers, see page 32

Grammar Appendix


Grammar Appendix

As partículas interrogativas

As partículas interrogativas aparecen só en preguntas que non poden contestarse cun “si” ou un “non”.Who is he? He’s my friend. (Quen é? É o meu amigo.) What is that? It’s a tablet. (Que é iso? É unha tableta.) Where are your books? They’re on my desk. (Onde están os teus libros? Están encol do meu escritorio.)When is the first lesson? It’s at 9.00. (Cando é a primeira clase? É ás 9:00.) Why are they at school? Because it’s Monday. (Por que están no colexio? Porque é luns.)

os demostrativos: this, that, these, those

This – este, esta, isto That – ese, esa, iso ou aquel, aquela, aquiloThese – estes, estasThose – eses, esas ou aqueles, aquelas

Sinalan se o substantivo ao que se refiren está preto ou lonxe do falante. Concordan co substantivo só en número (singular / plural), mentres que en galego tamén concordan en xénero (masculino / feminino).

Cando son pronomes van sós. That is my schoolbag. (Aquela é a miña mochila.) These are your pens. (Estes son os teus bolígrafos.)

Funcionan como adxectivos cando van diante dun substantivo. Neste caso, this e that non conservan os significados de “isto”, “iso” ou “aquilo”. This book is good. (Este libro é bo.)Those students are in Year 9. (Eses alumnos están en noveno.)

4 Complete the questions with Who, What, Where, When or Why. Then match the questions to the answers.

1. is New York?

2. is your best friend?

3. is Christmas?

4. are the students at home?

5. is this word in English?

a. David.

b. It’s ruler.

c. Because it’s Saturday.

d. In the USA.

e. 25th December.


1. This / These is my book.

2. That / Those students are in Year 7.

3. That / These school is for girls.

4. These / This pens are green.

5. Those / That is my teacher.

6. This / Those are my friends.

Check Yourself!Choose the correct answer.

1. Where / Why is my notebook?

2. When / Who is the maths teacher?

3. Why / What is your name?

4. Where / When is the English room?

5. When / What is the geography lesson?

6. Who / Why is your pencil in your schoolbag?

7. Where / When is your birthday?

8. What / Who is the first lesson?



Grammar Appendix

unit 1

Have got

O verbo have got significa “ter”. Expresa o que posuímos ou os trazos de alguén ou algo cando o describimos.

Emprégase have got con I, you, we e they, mais has got con he, she e it.We have got Tuenti accounts. (Temos contas de Tuenti.) Romania has got a blue, yellow and red flag. (Romanía ten unha bandeira azul, amarela e vermella.)

En negativa engádese a partícula not ou a contracción n’t (haven’t / hasn’t). Empréganse máis as formas contraídas.Daniel hasn’t got a middle name. (Daniel non ten segundo nome.)

En interrogativa ponse Have / Has + o suxeito + got. Nas respostas curtas ponse o pronome persoal suxeito e have / haven’t ou has / hasn’t, sen got.Have you got friends on Facebook? Yes, I have. (Tes amigos en Facebook? Teño. Si.) Has Ann got a brother? No, she hasn’t. (Ann ten un irmán? Non.)


1. Alex haven’t got / hasn’t got a rubber.

2. Dan and Sue has got / have got €2,000.

3. The boys hasn’t got / haven’t got books.

4. She has got / have got my pen.

5. Schools have got / haven’t got teachers.

6. Have / Has we got homework?

7. A week has got / hasn’t got eight days.

8. Have / Has he got an e-mail address?


1 Complete the sentences with have got or has got.

1. Alice a Facebook account.

2. Mark and Sam blue notebooks.

3. We homework tonight.

4. Tom money from China.

5. My friends new mobile phones.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative or negative form of have got.

1. Beth my tablet.

2. I (not) a pencil today.

3. January 31 days.

4. The girls a website.

5. Our school (not) a computer room.

3 Write questions with Have got or Has got and the words below. Then answer the questions.

1. you / a pencil / in your schoolbag

2. your partner / a ruler / on his/her desk

3. your mobile phone / a camera

4. your friends / a website

5. your teacher / your notebook


Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!

os adxectivos posesivos

my o(s) meu(s), a(s) miña(s)

your o(s) teu(s), a(s) túa(s) // o(s) seu(s), a(s) súa(s) [de vostede]

his o(s) seu(s), a(s) súa(s) [del]

her o(s) seu(s), a(s) súa(s) [dela]

its o(s) seu(s), a(s) súa(s) [de cousa ou animal]

our o(s) noso(s), a(s) nosa(s)

your o(s) voso(s), a(s) vosa(s) // o(s) seu(s), a(s) súa(s) [de vostedes]

their o(s) seu(s), a(s) súa(s) [deles/as]

Indican de quen é algo.

Sempre van diante do substantivo que sinala a cousa posuída, sen importar o xénero nin o número que esta teña: our car (o noso coche) – our bikes (as nosas bicis).

Na 3ª persoa do singular hai tres formas, dependendo de se o posuidor é de xénero masculino (his), feminino (her) ou neutro (its). His father is Chinese. (O seu [del] pai é chinés.) Her surname is Green. (O seu [dela] apelido é Green.)

Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjectives.

1. We’ve got a new house. house is big.

2. I’ve got a mobile phone. phone is red.

3. The dog has got a ball. ball is red.

4. Boris is Russian. English isn’t very good.

5. You haven’t got a pen. Is this pen?

6. J ake and Sue have got a new car. car is yellow.

7. Amber is from France. nationality is French.

8. We haven’t got an English lesson today. teacher isn’t here.



1. Ellen has got a friend from China. Her / His / Its friend is nice.

2. Max and Martin are in Class 8B. His / Their / Your teacher is Mr Burton.

3. The USA hasn’t got euros. Its / My / Your money is dollars.

4. We’ve got a new English teacher. Their / His / Our teacher is from Scotland.

5. I’m 13 years old. His / My / Their birthday is in May.


Grammar Appendix

unit 2

o Present Simple en afirmativaO Present Simple emprégase para expresar:

rutinas e horarios I have a shower every morning. (Dúchome todas as mañás.)gustos e opinións I like my smartphone. (Gústame o meu smartphone.)verdades xerais We have dinner in the evening. (Ceamos pola noite.)

En afirmativa é o mesmo có infinitivo sen to, agás na 3ª persoa do singular, na que se engade -s. Nalgúns casos, dependendo da terminación do verbo, engádese -es:

• se remata en ss, sh, ch e x. miss ➝ misses finish ➝ finishes watch ➝ watches fix ➝ fixes

• se remata en o. do ➝ does go ➝ goes

• se remata en consoante + y, cámbiase o y por un i antes de engadirlle a terminación -es. study ➝ studies

O Present Simple adoita ir acompañado das seguintes expresións temporais: every day / week / year (todos/as os días / as semanas / os anos), once / twice a year (unha / dúas veces ao ano), on + día da semana en plural, at night (pola noite), in the morning (pola mañá), in the summer (en verán), etc. Todas poden poñerse ao comezo ou ao final da frase, mais adoitan poñerse ao final.We go to the theatre on Sundays. (Imos ao teatro os domingos.)

Co Present Simple adoitan empregarse os seguintes adverbios de frecuencia: always (sempre) often (a miúdo) rarely (rara / estraña vez) usually (polo xeral) sometimes (ás veces, algunhas veces) never (nunca, xamais)

Estes adverbios expresan a frecuencia coa que se fai algo. Colócanse diante do verbo, agás no caso do verbo to be, que van detrás.I often play the guitar in the afternoon. (A miúdo toco a guitarra pola tarde.) I am never late for school. (Nunca chego tarde ao colexio.)


1. Tom go / goes to school at a half past eight. 4. My cat sleep / sleeps all day.

2. My parents speak / speaks five languages. 5. We finish / finishes dinner at 8.00.

3. Linda study / studies dance at the Royal Ballet School.

2 Look at the chart. Then write sentences with the words below and the correct adverbs of frequency.

1. Lucy / go / to bed / at 10.00

2. Ryan and Lucy / have / breakfast

3. Ryan / watch / TV / in the morning

4. Ryan / do / homework / at school

5. Ryan and Lucy / read / a book / at night

6. Lucy / watch TV / in the morning

watch TV in the morning

read a book at night

go to bed at 10.00

do homework at school

have breakfast

always

usually

often

sometimes

rarely

never

Key

Ryan

Lucy


Grammar Appendix

o xenitivo saxón

Emprégase para indicar posesión e úsase con persoas, animais ou lugares (cidades, países, etc.). Para formalo, engádese un apóstrofo (’) e un s.Sally’s computer (o ordenador de Sally) the dog’s food (a comida do can) London’s weather (o clima de Londres)

Se o substantivo é un plural regular ou remata en s, engádese só ’; mais se é un plural irregular engádese ’s.my parents’ room (o cuarto de meus pais) the children’s teacher (o profesor dos nenos)

Se o nome propio remata en s, pódese engadir ’ ou ’s.Charles’ / Charles’s cat (o gato de Charles)

Coas cousas emprégase of, non o xenitivo saxón. the door of the car (a porta do coche)


1. She go / goes to school on Mondays.

2. Our teacher usually wear / wears black shoes.

3. I tidy / tidies my room once a week.

4. The school year always / never starts in September.

5. We visit / visits my grandmother every week.

6. Small children usually / rarely read the newspaper.

7. Steve live / lives in London.

8. You always have / has a sandwich for lunch.


3 Complete the sentences with the Saxon Genitive form of the words in brackets.

1. (My father) car is black.

2. (The children) schoolbags are on their chairs.

3. (The boys) rooms are big.

4. (Ben) house is on Mulberry Street.

5. (The girl) dog is black.

Check Yourself!Write sentences with the Saxon Genitive and the words below.

1. the students / books / are / new

2. Mike / brother / is / Harry

3. my sister / best friend / is / American

4. my parents / names / are / Jane and Jack

5. Linda / tablet / is / new

6. the teacher / book / is / on the table

7. I / like / Greg / mobile phone

8. Harriet / lives / in / her grandparents / house



Grammar Appendix

unit 3

o Present Simple en negativa e interrogativaEn negativa ponse do not (don’t) diante do verbo. Para a 3ª persoa do singular emprégase does not (doesn’t).I don’t send text messages. (Non mando mensaxes de texto.)Mike doesn’t read magazines. (Mike non le revistas.)

En interrogativa ponse Do ao comezo da oración. Para a 3ª persoa do singular emprégase Does. Neste último caso, como does xa expresa que é 3ª persoa do singular, non se engade -s ao verbo principal. Nas respostas curtas ponse o pronome persoal suxeito e do / does se son afirmativas ou don’t / doesn’t de seren negativas.Se a pregunta ten unha partícula interrogativa, ponse esta primeiro, antes de do / does.Does Cathy ride a bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. (Cathy monta en bici? Monta. Si. / Non.) Where do you go on Sundays? (A onde vas os domingos?)

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the negative form of the Present Simple.

1. My cat (like) dogs.

2. Angela hates animals. She (want) a pet.

3. Elephants eat plants. They (eat) other animals.

4. A Siberian tiger (weigh) 100 kilos. It weighs about 300 kilos.

5. On Sundays, we (go) to school.

6. Blue whales (live) on land.

2 Write sentences with the words below and the Present Simple negative.

1. I / not wear / jeans / at school

2. Andy / not like / dogs

3. the teacher / not use / a tablet

4. they / not watch / TV / every day

5. my grandmother / not understand / the Internet

3 Change the words in bold to make negative sentences. Use the words in brackets.

1. The blue whale lives for 40 years. (60 years)

2. My mother makes pizza on Fridays. (on Sundays)

3. We study English on Wednesdays. (French)

4. Dad goes to work every morning. (every afternoon)

5. I get up at 7.00. (8.00)

The blue whale doesn’t live for 60 years.


Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!

1. you (study) French at school?

2. your brother or sister (go) to your school?

3. your teacher (live) on your street?

4. your parents (work) at home?

5. you (like) pop music?

5 Answer the questions in Exercise 4. Make them true for you.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6 Write questions with the words below. Use the Present Simple.

1. who / Mr Green / teach

2. when / the TV programme / start

3. where / you / go / to / school

4. what / elephants / eat

5. how / you / study for tests

6. why / Rachel / need / a new mobile phone

Choose the correct answer.

1. Nigel and George usually ride / rides a bike on Saturdays.

2. Do / Does she want to come to the party?

3. My mum don’t like / doesn’t like snakes.

4. Where do / does you go to school?

5. Fish don’t walk / doesn’t walk.

6. My cat never sleep / sleeps in my bed.

7. Do / Does you sometimes help at the zoo?

8. What do / does your canary eat?


4 Complete the questions with Do or Does and the verbs in brackets.


Grammar Appendix

unit 4

o Present Continuous

O Present Continuous expresa o que está a ocorrer no intre de falar ou no período de tempo presente. Adoita ir acompañado das expresións temporais at the moment (neste momento), now (agora), right now (agora mesmo, arestora), today (hoxe), this week (esta semana), etc. Todas poden ir ao comezo ou ao final da frase, mais adoitan poñerse ao final.

A afirmativa fórmase co presente do verbo to be (am, is, are) + un verbo rematado en -ing.Tom is sleeping now. (Tom está a durmir agora.)

En negativa engádese a partícula not ás formas am, is e are, ou a contracción n’t a is e are (isn’t / aren’t).The students aren’t studying for the test. (Os alumnos non están a estudar para o exame.) En interrogativa ponse Am / Is / Are + o suxeito + un verbo rematado en -ing. Nas respostas curtas afirmativas emprégase o pronome persoal suxeito e am, is ou are, mais nas negativas is e are contraen coa partícula not.Se a pregunta ten unha partícula interrogativa, ponse esta primeiro, antes de am / is / are.Is Ben cleaning his room at the moment? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. (Ben está a limpar o seu cuarto neste momento? Está. Si. / No.)What is Ben doing? (Que está a facer Ben?)

Nos seguintes casos, cómpre reparar nestas regras ortográficas para engadir -ing ao verbo:

• Se remata en e mudo, perde o e. make ➝ making have ➝ having ride ➝ riding• Se é de 1 sílaba e remata en 1 vogal + 1 consoante, dóbrase esta consoante. shop ➝ shopping swim ➝ swimming get ➝ getting


1. I am doing / is doing / are doing my homework right now.

2. They am waiting / is waiting / are waiting for you in the garden.

3. She am swimming / is swimming / are swimming now.

4. We am having / is having / are having dinner right now.

5. Brian am sleeping / is sleeping / are sleeping at the moment.

2 Complete the sentences with the Present Continuous affirmative form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Linda and John (watch) a film at the moment.

2. We (sit) in the garden now.

3. Tom (study) right now.

4. The dog (eat) at the moment.

5. I (tidy) my room right now.

3 Complete the sentences with the words below. Use the Present Continuous negative.

listen•talk•use•play•visit

1. They football right now.

2. He my tablet at the moment.

3. I to music at the moment.

4. Eleanor on the phone now.

5. My parents friends right now.

4 Complete the questions with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1. Dad (make) breakfast today?

2. Where Linda and Sam (meet) Emma?

3. Why Tom (come) with us?

4. I (sit) on your chair?

5. you (send) a text message to Alex?

6. What she (do) with my tablet?


Grammar Appendix

contraste Present Simple / Present Continuous

O Present Simple expresa hábitos, mentres que o Present Continuous sinala o que está a ocorrer no intre de falar. I tidy my room every day. (Arranxo o meu cuarto todos os días.) I am tidying my room now. (Estou a arranxar o meu cuarto agora.)

As expresións temporais axudan a diferenciar un tempo do outro.

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1. They (not work) today.

2. I (wear) Mark’s hat?

3. Andy (tidy) the kitchen?

4. We (talk) about your house.

5. Alison (not use) the car today.

6. you (write) an e-mail now?

7. I (not talk) to Angela at the moment.

8. They (put) the baby to bed right now.



1. I am reading a book on Tuesdays / right now.

2. We go to the cinema at the moment / once a week.

3. Lizzie isn’t having lunch at the moment / every day.

4. The boys are doing their homework usually / now.

5. Every year / Right now, we visit my cousins in London.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.

1. Mark and Tom (play) tennis

right now. They (play) every Tuesday.

2. Mum usually (make) pizza on

Saturday nights. Today, she (not make) pizza.

3. you (watch)

TV right now? you always (watch) TV after dinner?

4. I usually

(not have) a big breakfast, but I (have) a big breakfast today.

Check Yourself!


1. We study / are studying music once a week.

2. I don’t read / am not reading this book at the moment.

3. Are they helping / Do they help you right now?

4. My cat always sits / is sitting on my chair.

5. Does Mark play / Is Mark playing with the dog now?

6. You never are using / use your mobile phone at school.

7. We aren’t chatting / don’t chat to our friends now.

8. Susie isn’t watching / doesn’t watch TV in the morning.



Grammar Appendix

unit 5

a, an, some, the

O artigo indeterminado a / an vai diante de nomes contábeis en singular e emprégase cando o nome non é coñecido polo falante. Escríbese an cando o substantivo que o segue comeza por vogal. She has got a computer. (Ela ten un ordenador.) I use an umbrella in the rain. (Uso un paraugas para a choiva.)

Some emprégase en oracións afirmativas con nomes contábeis en plural e non contábeis.John is buying some toys. (John está a mercar [uns / algúns] xoguetes.) I need some water. (Preciso [algo / un pouco de] auga.)

O artigo determinado the emprégase diante de nomes contábeis e non contábeis cando se fala de algo concreto ou que se nomeou antes, mais nunca cando se fala das cousas en xeral (sexan contábeis ou non). The dog is sleeping. (O can está a durmir. [concreto])Dogs are great pets. (Os cans son unhas mascotas moi boas. [xeral])

1 Complete the chart with the words below and a, an or some.

apple•sugar•strawberry•carrot•egg rice•orange•water•oil


1. I want a / an / some egg for breakfast.

2. We need some / a / an sugar for the cake.

3. A / An / The students have got a new teacher.

4. I’ve got a / an / some banana in my bag.

5. Look at a / an / the dog. It’s very big!

6. The girls have got the / some / a chips for lunch.

3 Write sentences with the words below. Add a, an or some.

1. Mark / wants / bike / for his birthday / .

2. have / we / got / tea / .

3. I / always / drink / orange juice / in the morning / .

4. my parents / have got / old / carpet / .

5. Sandra / has got / strawberries / .

6. Lorna / is cooking / big / chicken / for dinner / .

Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with a, an, some or the.

1. Jake has got olives in his sandwich.

2. I like Ecuadorian flag.

3. Janice has got message for you.

4. I want sauce on my rice.

5. I’m buying food for dinner.

6. This is excellent book.

7. We’ve got new students in our class.

8. US President is in Italy at the moment.


Countable Nouns

Singular Plural Uncountable Nouns

an apple some apples


Grammar Appendix

There is / There are, any

Afirmativa

There is (ou a contracción there’s) vai diante de nomes contábeis en singular e de nomes non contábeis. Adoita ir seguido de a / an ou some. There are vai diante de nomes contábeis en plural. Adoita ir seguido de some.There is a banana. (Hai unha banana.) There is some water. (Hai [algo / un pouco de] auga.) There are some cucumbers. (Hai [uns / algúns] cogombros.)

Negativa

Ponse There is / There are + a partícula not (There is not / There are not) ou a contracción n’t (There isn’t / There aren’t). Con nomes contábeis en plural e non contábeis adoitan ir seguidos de any.There isn’t any sugar. (Non hai [nada de] azucre.) There aren’t any sandwiches. (Non hai sándwichs / ningún sándwich.)

Interrogativa e respostas curtas

En interrogativa ponse Is / Are diante de there. Adoitan ir seguidos de any con nomes contábeis en plural e non contábeis. Nas respostas curtas vólvese á orde normal. De seren negativas, empréganse as formas contraídas. Is there any juice? Yes, there is. (Hai [algo de] zume? Hai. Si.) Are there any mushrooms in the salad? No, there aren’t. (Hai [algúns] cogomelos na ensalada? Non.)

4 Complete the sentences with There is, There isn’t, There are or There aren’t.

1. an apple in my bag. Do you want it?

2. any children in the park.

3. some milk on the table.

4. any lettuce for the salad.

5. some olives on my pizza.

6. I’m sorry. a doctor at the clinic today.

5 Write questions with Is there or Are there and the words below.

1. an / onion / in the salad

2. any / drinks / in the kitchen

3. any / sauce / for the spaghetti

4. any / strawberries / in the fruit salad

5. a / good restaurant / on this street

How much / How many

How much e How many empréganse para preguntar sobre cantidades.

How many vai seguido de nomes contábeis en plural. How many dogs are there? (Cantos cans hai?)

How much vai seguido de nomes non contábeis. How much milk is there? (Canto leite hai?)

Cando How much vai seguido do verbo to be, serve para preguntar polo prezo dunha cousa. How much is the car? (Canto custa o coche?)

Complete the questions with How much or How many.

1. water do you drink every day?

2. sandwiches have you got?

3. sugar do you want in your tea?

4. brothers have you got?

5. time have we got before the film?


1. There is / There are / Is there a new ice cream shop in town.

2. There are / Is there / Are there a dining room in your house?

3. There is / There are / There aren’t some mushrooms on the pizza.

4. Is there / Are there / There are any cheese in this cake?

5. Are there / There are / There aren’t any songs on my mobile phone.

6. There isn’t / There aren’t / Is there any milk for my coffee.

7. There aren’t / Is there / Are there any girls in the football team?

8. There is / There isn’t / There are an English lesson now. It’s tomorrow.


EXTRA!


Grammar Appendix

unit 6

can / can’t

Can expresa a habilidade (saber), a posibilidade (poder) ou o permiso (poder) para facer algo. He can surf. (Sabe facer surf.) We can go today. (Podemos ir hoxe.) You can use my computer. (Podes empregar o meu ordenador.)

En negativa emprégase cannot (sen separación) ou a forma contraída can’t.I cannot swim. (Non sei nadar.) They can’t call me. (Non poden chamarme.)

En interrogativa invértese a orde, colocando o suxeito detrás de Can. Nas respostas curtas emprégase o pronome persoal suxeito e can ou can’t.Can you do gymnastics? Yes, I can. (Sabes facer ximnasia? Sei. Si.) Can I help you? No, you can’t. (Podo axudarte? Non.)

os adverbios de modo

Os adverbios de modo modifican os verbos, pois describen a forma en que se realiza a acción. Con eles respóndese ás preguntas que comezan por How ...? (Como...?).Os máis son regulares e fórmanse engadindo a terminación -ly ao adxectivo correspondente, aínda que algúns non seguen esta regra e cómpre aprendelos de memoria (good – well, fast – fast, hard – hard, high – high).I can’t run quickly. (Non podo correr á présa.) They can swim well. (Eles saben nadar ben.)

1 Complete the sentences with can or can’t.

1. An elephant jump.

2. I’m sorry. I hear you.

3. My mobile phone has got a great camera. It take beautiful pictures.

4. Linda is four years old. She walk and talk.

5. Alex help you now. He’s working.

6. We go to the park. It’s a nice day.

2 Write questions with the words below and Can. Then match the questions to the answers.

1. Greg / play / baseball

2. the girls / dance / well

3. your mobile phone / work / in water

4. Mrs Sheldon / snowboard

5. you / open / this window

a. No, it can’t.

b. No, I can’t.

c. Yes, she can.

d. Yes, he can.

e. No, they can’t.

3 Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives in brackets.

1. Tom dances (beautiful).

2. She always gets 100% in tests because she works very (hard).

3. Little children can’t sit (quiet).

4. Cathy can swim (fast).

5. These questions aren’t hard. You can answer them (easy).

6. The old man walks very (slow).


Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!

must / mustn’t

Must expresa a necesidade, conveniencia ou obriga de facer algo (significa “deber”). You must go to school. (Debes ir ao colexio.)

Malia o sinalado, mustn’t (que é a contracción de must e not) expresa prohibición, que algo non está permitido ou que non se debe facer porque non convén ou non é correcto. You mustn’t kick the ball. (Non debedes darlle patadas ao balón. [está prohibido]) We mustn’t be late. (Non debemos chegar tarde. [non está ben])

Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.

1. Shh! We be quiet.

2. I tidy my room once a week.

3. You sit there. It’s the teacher’s chair.

4. Dogs eat chocolate. It’s very bad for them.

5. You bounce the ball in basketball.

6. I have any cake. I’m on a diet.

7. We get some money. I’ve only got £5.

8. You write in your Student’s Book. Use your notebook.


4 Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.

1. You’re tired. You go to bed.

2. Students eat during the lesson.

3. You feed your dog every day.

4. You talk during the concert.

5. The exam starts at 9.00. We be late.

5 Match the sentences in A to the sentences in B.

A

1. It’s very hot today.

2. Jess doesn’t know about her surprise party.

3. Next week is Dad’s birthday.

4. The children are hungry.

5. The boys have got a test tomorrow.

B

a. They must eat.

b. You must remember to drink.

c. They mustn’t go out tonight.

d. We must buy him a present.

e. We mustn’t tell her.


1. I’ve got a ball. We can / can’t play basketball.

2. She always does good / well in exams.

3. Susan reads fast / slowly. She can read a book in a day.

4. I can / can’t hear the teacher. What is she saying?

5. Luke can’t kick a ball. He plays football badly / well.

6. Tom is only three years old, but he can / can’t ski.

7. She doesn’t understand you. She can / can’t speak English.

8. Johnny sings beautifully / fast. He can be a singer.



Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!


1. Yesterday, Mark and I was / were at the museum.

2. I was / were at the church on Sunday.

3. It was / wasn’t cold yesterday, but today it’s hot.

4. Tom was / wasn’t at school because he was ill.

5. They wasn’t / were at the café ten minutes ago.

6. You were / weren’t at the party on Friday night. Why not?

2 Write questions with was and were and the words below.

1. it / cold / yesterday

2. you / at the bank / on Friday

3. when / your tenth birthday

4. where / your friends / 20 minutes ago

5. your parents / at your school / yesterday

6. who / your English teacher / last year

Complete the sentences with the correct form of was or were.

1. Mike and Sam at the supermarket on Saturday.

2. I (not) at the sports centre last week.

3. it hot yesterday?

4. We (not) at home an hour ago.

5. What the first lesson yesterday?

6. They at the museum on Saturday.

7. you in the football team last year?

8. Why you sad yesterday morning?


o verbo to be en pasado: was / wereO pasado do verbo to be emprégase para describir ou contar feitos pasados.

En afirmativa emprégase was cando o suxeito é I, he, she ou it, e were se o suxeito é we, you ou they.

Para sinalar en que momento ocorreu a acción, adoitan empregarse as seguintes expresións temporais: yesterday (onte), last night / month / Monday (a noite / o mes / o luns pasado/a), the other day (o outro día), a year ago (hai un ano), etc. Todas poden ir ao comezo ou ao final da frase, mais adoitan poñerse ao final. Daniel was at the bank yesterday. (Daniel estivo no banco onte.) We were at the museum the other day. (Estivemos no museo o outro día.)

En negativa engádese a partícula not ou a contracción n’t (wasn’t / weren’t).He wasn’t at the bookshop. (Non estaba na libraría.)

En interrogativa ponse Was / Were ao comezo, e nas respostas curtas ponse o pronome persoal suxeito e was / wasn’t ou were / weren’t.Se a pregunta ten unha partícula interrogativa, ponse esta primeiro, antes de was / were.Were the boys at the stadium? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. (Estiveron os rapaces no estadio? Estiveron. Si. / Non.) When was the party? (Cando foi a festa?)

3 Answer the questions in Exercise 2 so they are true for you.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

unit 7


Grammar Appendix


1. There was / There were some famous people at the sports centre yesterday.

2. There was / There were some money on the table 10 minutes ago.

3. Was there / Were there any people at the church this morning?

4. There wasn’t / There weren’t a shop in the hospital last year.

5. There wasn’t / There weren’t any interesting books at the bookshop.

6. Were there / Was there a cinema on your street five years ago?

7. Was there / Were there any good food at the restaurant?


There was / There wereSon as formas de pasado de There is e There are e, polo tanto, significan “había” ou “houbo”. Tradúcense sempre en singular, aínda que en inglés haxa unha forma para o singular e outra para o plural.

There was sinala que había unha cousa, sexa un nome contábel en singular ou un non contábel. There was a café in the shopping centre. (Había unha cafetaría no centro comercial.) There was information on the Internet. (Había información en Internet.)

There were sinala que había dúas cousas ou máis, e por iso se emprega con nomes contábeis en plural.There were sweets on the shelf. (Había lambonadas no andel.)

En negativa engádese a partícula not ou a contracción n’t (wasn’t / weren’t).There weren’t any people at the bank. (Non había [nada de] xente no banco.)

En interrogativa ponse Was / Were diante de there, e nas respostas curtas vólvese á orde normal. De seren negativas, empréganse as formas contraídas. Were there children at the sports centre? Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t. (Había nenos no polideportivo? Había. Si. / Non.)

4 Complete the sentences with There was, There wasn’t, There were or There weren’t.

5. (not) a butcher’s in this town ten years ago.

6. two restaurants on this street in the past.

7. (not) any information on the Internet.

1. a bakery here last year.

2. (not) any computers 200 years ago.

3. three cafés at the shopping centre two years ago.

4. some milk in the fridge yesterday.

5 Complete the questions with Was there or Were there.

1. a restaurant opposite the shops?

2. any good films at the cinema last week?

3. any homework yesterday?

4. any famous people at the football match?

5. a good exhibition at the museum?

6. any apple juice at the supermarket?


Grammar Appendix

o Past Simple en afirmativaO Past Simple emprégase para expresar accións ocorridas nun momento concreto do pasado e para contar historias en pasado. Para sinalar o momento en que ocorreu a acción empréganse as mesmas expresións temporais ca co verbo to be en pasado.I bought new trainers last week. (Merquei unhas zapatillas de deporte novas a semana pasada.)

O Past Simple dos verbos regulares fórmase engadindo -ed á forma base do verbo. Para iso cómpre reparar nestas regras ortográficas:

• Se remata en e mudo, só se engade -d. live ➝ lived

• Se é de 1 sílaba e remata en 1 vogal + 1 consoante, dóbrase esta consoante. stop ➝ stopped

• Se remata en consoante + y, cámbiase o y por un i. carry ➝ carried

Os verbos irregulares non seguen ningunha regra e, por iso, cómpre aprendelos de memoria nas súas formas de pasado. Nas páxinas 33-34 hai unha listaxe.

1 Complete the chart with the verbs below in the corrrect Past Simple form.

walk•go•carry•change•do•study•talk have•cry•dance•worry•work•like watch•make•bounce

-ed -d -ied Irregular Verbs

2 Complete the sentences with the Past Simple affirmative form of the verbs below.

hate•walk•stop•talk•watch•open

1. I to school yesterday.

2. On Saturday, we TV all day.

3. The new shop a week ago.

4. The bus outside the stadium.

5. Everyone the film. It was terrible!

6. Carol and I on the phone last night.

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple affirmative.

1. Sally (buy) some jeans at the shopping centre.

2. I (see) that film last week.

3. On Wednesday, we (sell) our house.

4. Liam and I (go) to the museum last week.

5. I (read) a fantastic book last month.

6. Mum (take) me to the doctor yesterday.

unit 8


Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with the Past Simple affirmative form of the verbs below.

start•visit•buy•write•study•see•walk•wear

1. Alison her new sweater at school yesterday.

2. The game five minutes ago.

3. They a new car last week.

4. I an e-mail to Mark last Friday.

5. We for the exam last night.

6. Louis the dog an hour ago.

7. Martin and William a good film on Tuesday.

8. The students a museum a month ago.


4 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences. Use the Past Simple affirmative form of the verbs.

1. she / last night / wear / a pink dress

2. I / yesterday / during the film / cry

3. two minutes ago / arrive / the train

4. become / rock music / popular / in the 60s

5. at 8.00 / the clock / stop

6. sing / last week / in a concert / Mindy

5 Complete the text with the Past Simple affirmative of the verbs in brackets.

Last week, my family and I 1. (visit) Covent Garden in London. We 2. (see) a funny street show. Then, we 3. (go) shopping.

I 4. (buy) a jacket for only £10. There were some musicians in

a restaurant, so we 5. (have) lunch at the restaurant and we 6. (listen) to the music. It was a great day!


Grammar Appendix

o futuro con be going to

En afirmativa fórmase co presente de to be + going to + un verbo na forma base, e significa “ir” + infinitivo. Como expresa os nosos plans e intencións, adoita levar algunha expresión de futuro que sinale cando faremos a acción: tomorrow (mañá), later (máis tarde, logo), soon (pronto, axiña, nun pouco), in an hour (nunha hora), next week (a semana que vén), etc. I’m going to fly to London tomorrow. (Vou voar a Londres mañá.)

En negativa engádese a partícula not ou a contracción n’t ao verbo to be.She isn’t going to visit her family this summer. (Ela non vai visitar á súa familia este verán.)

En interrogativa ponse Am / Is / Are + o suxeito + going to + un verbo na forma base. E nas respostas curtas ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + o verbo to be, sen contraer en afirmativa ou contraído coa partícula not en negativa.Are your friends going to go to a party on Saturday? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. (Os teus amigos van ir a unha festa o sábado? Van. Si. / No.)What are you going to do this weekend?(Que vas facer esta fin de semana?)

Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets and the correct form of be going to.

1. Albert (go) to Italy this summer.

2. Amber (buy) a motorbike?

3. We (not play) football on Saturday.

4. When Sam (call) you?

5. Linda and I (meet) at the café.

6. the boys (come) tomorrow?

7. What you (do) this summer?

8. I (not invite) Rachel to my party. Answers, see page 32

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the affirmative or negative form of be going to.

1. Susan and Alice (buy) shoes later.

2. My dad (not work) at home today.

3. I (do) my homework tonight.

4. We (not watch) that TV programme again.

5. Next year, Max (visit) his grandparents in Italy.

6. I (not eat) meat for a week!

2 Write questions with the words below and be going to. Then answer the questions so they are true for you.

1. you / fly / on an aeroplane / next week

2. when / the lesson / end

3. you / ride / a bike / on Saturday

4. your English teacher / teach / you / tomorrow

5. what / your best friend / do / at the weekend

6. how / you / go / home / later

unit 9


Grammar Appendix

o Present Continuous con valor de futuroEmprégase para anunciar un acontecemento que ocorrerá nun futuro próximo pois así se fixou de antemán. Para que esa idea de futuro estea clara, cómpre dicir cando ocorrerá a acción empregando expresións temporais (como as que se empregan con be going to).We are leaving at nine o’clock tomorrow. (Marchamos / marcharemos mañá ás nove en punto.)

A diferenza con be going to é que esta forma de futuro se emprega para expresar intencións, mentres que o Present Continuous con valor de futuro expresa algo que vai ocorrer con total seguridade pois xa se fixou con antelación.I am playing tennis next Saturday. (Xogo / Xogarei ao tenis o sábado que vén.) Na Unidade 4 viuse como se forman a afirmativa, a negativa, a interrogativa e as respostas curtas do Present Continuous.I am buying a smartphone tomorrow. (Merco / Mercarei un smartphone mañá.) My father is not driving to work later. (Meu pai non vai / irá en coche ao traballo logo.) Are you taking the bus in an hour? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t. (Colledes / Colleredes o autobús nunha hora? Colleremos. Si. / No.)Who is having a party on Friday? (Quen fai / fará unha festa o venres?)

Complete the sentences with the correct object pronouns.

1. I’m talking. Are you listening to ?

2. Jack needs a pen. Please give this pen to .

3. The girls are waiting for you. Can you talk to ?

4. That milk is bad. Don’t drink .

5. We’re going to visit Uncle Peter. Do you want to come with ?

3 Complete the sentences with the correct Present Continuous form of the verbs below.

arrive•notcall•have•play•make•notcome

1. Tom and Guy volleyball on Friday.

2. The plane at half past twelve.

3. Bruce and Martin a party on Saturday night?

4. Ann is ill. She to the café later.

5. I Lynne tonight. I’m busy.

6. When Alexis dinner?

Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets and the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1. We (leave) in five minutes.

2. Why you (fly) to France next week?

3. James (play) football tomorrow.

4. you (take) the dog to the park soon?


5. We (not have) an exam on Friday.

6. I (not go) to the party tomorrow.

7. What Jess (do) this evening?

8. Tom (not buy) a scooter later.

os pronomes persoais obxecto me me (a min) you te, che (a ti), o, a, lle, se (a vostede) him o, lle, se (a el) her a, lle, se (a ela)

Fan as funcións de obxecto, é dicir, de obxecto directo, indirecto ou preposicional. I called him last night. (Chameino esta noite.) She gave us the books. (Deunos os libros.) They came with me. (Viñeron comigo.)

it o, a (unha cousa) us nos (a nós) you vos (a vós), os, as, lles (a vostedes) them os, as, lles, se (a eles/as)

EXTRA!


Introduction, page 12, O verbo to be en presente

1. are 3. aren’t 5. am not 7. am2. isn’t 4. Are 6. Is 8. is

Introduction, page 13, As partículas interrogativas

1. Where 3. What 5. When 7. When2. Who 4. Where 6. Why 8. What

Unit 1, page 14, Have got

1. hasn’t got 5. have got2. have got 6. Have3. haven’t got 7. hasn’t got4. has got 8. Has

Unit 1, page 15, Os adxectivos posesivos

1. Our 3. Its 5. your 7. Her2. My 4. His 6. Their 8. Our

Unit 2, page 17, O Present Simple en afirmativa

1. goes 3. tidy 5. visit 7. lives2. wears 4. always 6. rarely 8. have

Unit 2, page 17, O xenitivo saxón

1. The students’ books are new.2. Mike’s brother is Harry. 3. My sister’s best friend is American.4. My parents’ names are Jane and Jack.5. Linda’s tablet is new.6. The teacher’s book is on the table.7. I like Greg’s mobile phone.8. Harriet lives in her grandparents’ house.

Unit 3, page 19, O Present Simple en negativa e interrogativa

1. ride 5. don’t walk2. Does 6. sleeps3. doesn’t like 7. Do4. do 8. does

Unit 4, page 21, O Present Continuous

1. aren’t working 5. isn’t using2. Am … wearing 6. Are … writing3. Is … tidying 7. am not talking4. are talking 8. are putting

Unit 4, page 21, Contraste Present Simple / Present Continuous

1. study 5. Is Mark playing2. am not reading 6. use3. Are they helping 7. aren’t chatting4. sits 8. doesn’t watch

Unit 5, page 22, a, an, some, the

1. some 3. a 5. some 7. some2. the 4. some 6. an 8. The

Unit 5, page 23, There is / There are, any

1. There is 5. There aren’t 2. Is there 6. There isn’t3. There are 7. Are there 4. Is there 8. There isn’t

Unit 6, page 25, can / can’t; Os adverbios de modo

1. can 3. fast 5. badly 7. can’t2. well 4. can’t 6. can 8. beautifully

Unit 6, page 25, must / mustn’t

1. must 3. mustn’t 5. must 7. must2. must 4. mustn’t 6. mustn’t 8. mustn’t

Unit 7, page 26, O verbo to be en pasado: was / were

1. were 3. Was 5. was 7. Were2. wasn’t 4. weren’t 6. were 8. were

Unit 7, page 27, There was / There were

1. There were 5. There weren’t2. There was 6. Was there3. Were there 7. Was there4. There wasn’t

Unit 8, page 29, O Past Simple en afirmativa

1. wore 3. bought 5. studied 7. saw2. started 4. wrote 6. walked 8. visited

Unit 9, page 30, O futuro con be going to

1. is going to go 5. are going to meet2. Is … going to buy 6. Are … going to come3. aren’t going to play 7. are … going to do4. is … going to call 8. am not going to invite

Unit 9, page 31, O Present Continuous con valor de futuro

1. are leaving 5. aren’t having2. are … flying 6. am not going3. is playing 7. is … doing4. Are … taking 8. isn’t buying

Grammar Appendix check yourself! answer key


BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) GALEGO

be /VA/ was/were /rFh/rK/ been /VAm/ ser, estarbeat /VAW/ beat /VAW/ beaten /'VAWm/ golpear, baterbecome /VB'YJl/ became /VB'YMl/ become /VB'YJl/ chegar a ser, convertersebegin /VB'ZBm/ began /VB'Zæm/ begun /VB'ZJm/ comezar, empezarbend /VCmX/ bent /VCmW/ bent /VCmW/ dobrar(se)bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ apostarbite /VOW/ bit /VBW/ bitten /'VBWm/ trabarbleed /VoAX/ bled /VoCX/ bled /VoCX/ sangrarblow /VoLH/ blew /VoI/ blown /VoLHm/ soprarbreak /VpMY/ broke /VpLHY/ broken /'VpLHYLm/ crebar, romper, racharbring /VpBn/ brought /VpGW/ brought /VpGW/ traerbuild /VBoX/ built /VBoW/ built /VBoW/ construírburn /VKm/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ queimarbuy /VO/ bought /VGW/ bought /VGW/ mercar, comprarcatch /Yæa/ caught /YGW/ caught /YGW/ coller, agarrarchoose /aIh/ chose /aLHh/ chosen /'aLHhm/ elixircome /YJl/ came /YMl/ come /YJl/ vircost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ custarcut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ cortardig /XBZ/ dug /XJZ/ dug /XJZ/ cavar, sachardo /XI/ did /XBX/ done /XJm/ facerdraw /XpG/ drew /XpI/ drawn /XpGm/ debuxardream /XpAl/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ soñardrink /XpBnY/ drank /XpænY/ drunk /XpJnY/ beberdrive /XpOd/ drove /XpLHd/ driven /'XpBdm/ conducireat /AW/ ate /CBW/ eaten /'AWm/ comerfall /cGo/ fell /cCo/ fallen /'cGoLm/ caerfeed /cAX/ fed /cCX/ fed /cCX/ alimentarfeel /cAo/ felt /cCoW/ felt /cCoW/ sentir(se)fight /cOW/ fought /cGW/ fought /cGW/ loitar, pelexarfind /cOmX/ found /cPmX/ found /cPmX/ atoparfly /coO/ flew /coI/ flown /coLHm/ voarforget /cL'ZCW/ forgot /cL'ZFW/ forgotten /cL'ZFWm/ esquecerforgive /cL'ZBd/ forgave /cL'ZMd/ forgiven /cL'ZBdm/ perdoarfreeze /cpAh/ froze /cpLHh/ frozen /'cpLHhm/ conxelar(se)get /ZCW/ got /ZFW/ got /ZFW/ conseguir, acadar; chegargive /ZBd/ gave /ZMd/ given /'ZBdm/ dargo /ZN/ went /rCmW/ gone /ZFm/ irgrow /ZpN/ grew /ZpI/ grown /ZpNm/ crecer; cultivarhang /kæn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ pendurarhave /kæd/ had /kæX/ had /kæX/ ter; haberhear /kBL/ heard /kKX/ heard /kKX/ oír, ouvirhide /kOX/ hid /kBX/ hidden /'kBXm/ agochar(se)hit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ golpear, bater, pegarhold /kNoX/ held /kCoX/ held /kCoX/ suxeitar, soster, termar dehurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ ferir, mancar, magoar; doerkeep /YAU/ kept /YCUW/ kept /YCUW/ gardar, manterknow /mN/ knew /mqI/ known /mNm/ saber, coñecerlay /oCB/ laid /oCBX/ laid /oCBX/ poñer, pór, estenderlead /oAX/ led /oCX/ led /oCX/ guiar, conducir

irregular Verb List


Irregular Verb List

BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) GALEGO

learn /oKm/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ aprenderleave /oAd/ left /oCcW/ left /oCcW/ deixar; marchar, saírlend /oCmX/ lent /oCmW/ lent /oCmW/ emprestar, deixarlet /oCW/ let /oCW/ let /oCW/ permitir, deixarlie /oO/ lay /oCB/ lain /oCBm/ tombarse, deitarselie /oO/ (regular verb) lied /oOX/ lied /oOX/ mentirlight /oOW/ lit /oBW/ lit /oBW/ acender, prenderlose /oIh/ lost /oFgW/ lost /oFgW/ perdermake /lCBY/ made /lCBX/ made /lCBX/ facer, fabricarmean /lAm/ meant /lCmW/ meant /lCmW/ significar, querer dicirmeet /lAW/ met /lCW/ met /lCW/ coñecer a; xuntarse conpay /UM/ paid /UMX/ paid /UMX/ pagarput /UHW/ put /UHW/ put /UHW/ poñer, pórread /pAX/ read /pCX/ read /pCX/ lerride /pOX/ rode /pLHX/ ridden /'pBXm/ montarring /pBn/ rang /pæn/ rung /pJn/ chamar (por teléfono)rise /pOh/ rose /pLHh/ risen /'pBhm/ elevarse, erguerserun /pJm/ ran /pæm/ run /pJm/ corrersay /gM/ said /gCX/ said /gCX/ dicirsee /gA/ saw /gG/ seen /gAm/ versell /gCo/ sold /gLHoX/ sold /gLHoX/ vendersend /gCmX/ sent /gCmW/ sent /gCmW/ enviarset /gCW/ set /gCW/ set /gCW/ colocarshake /iMY/ shook /iHY/ shaken /'iMYLm/ axitarshine /iOm/ shone /iFm/ shone /iFm/ brillar, escintilarshoot /iIW/ shot /iFW/ shot /iFW/ dispararshow /iLH/ showed /iLHX/ shown /iLHm/ amosar, ensinarshut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ pecharsing /gBn/ sang /gæn/ sung /gJn/ cantarsink /gBnY/ sank /gænY/ sunk /gJnY/ afundirsit /gBW/ sat /gæW/ sat /gæW/ sentarsleep /goAU/ slept /goCUW/ slept /goCUW/ durmir(se)smell /glCo/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ ulir, cheirarspeak /gUAY/ spoke /gULHY/ spoken /'gULHYLm/ falarspell /gUCo/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ soletrearspend /gUCmX/ spent /gUCmW/ spent /gUCmW/ gastar; pasar (tempo)stand /gWæmX/ stood /gWHX/ stood /gWHX/ estar a pésteal /gWAo/ stole /gWLHo/ stolen /'gWLHoLm/ roubarstick /gWBY/ stuck /gWJY/ stuck /gWJY/ apegarsweep /grAU/ swept /grCUW/ swept /grCUW/ varrerswim /grBl/ swam /græl/ swum /grJl/ nadartake /WMY/ took /WHY/ taken /'WMYLm/ coller; levarteach /WAa/ taught /WGW/ taught /WGW/ aprender, ensinartear /WCL/ tore /WG/ torn /WGm/ rachar, esgazartell /WCo/ told /WLHoX/ told /WLHoX/ dicir, contarthink /eBnY/ thought /eGW/ thought /eGW/ coidar, pensarthrow /epN/ threw /epI/ thrown /epNm/ guindar, tirarunderstand /JmXC'gWæmX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ comprender, entenderwake up /rMY 'JU/ woke up /rLHY 'JU/ woken up /rLHYLm 'JU/ espertarwear /rCL/ wore /rG/ worn /rGm/ levar posto, poñersewin /rBm/ won /rJm/ won /rJm/ gañarwrite /pOW/ wrote /pLHW/ written /'pBWm/ escribir


a puntuación(punctuation)

aS MaiÚScuLaS(capital letters)

aS pREpOSiciónS DE tEMpO (prepositions of time)

Escríbense con maiúscula:

• osnomes:Keith Simons

• osnomesdelugarescomocidades,países,continentes,edificioscélebres,museos,etc.: Rome, England, Europe,Tower Bridge,Madame Tussauds

• asnacionalidades:Irish, Moroccan

• osdías:Monday, Wednesday, Saturday

• osmeses: January, May, September

• aprimeirapalabradunhaoración:We are at school.

• opronomepersoalI: I am Welsh.

• osidiomas:English, French, Russian

Emprégansedistintaspreposiciónsdiantedashoraseosperíodosdefesta,osdíaseasdatas,osmeses,asestacións,osanoseaspartesdodía.Émoiimportantesaberempregaracorrectaencadacaso.Préstalleatenciónaestesexemplos:

• at horas: at twelve o'clock

festividades: at Easter

• on díasdasemana: on Friday

datas: on 13th March

on Christmas Day

• in meses: in June

estacións: in winter

anos: in 2018

partesdodía: in the afternoon

Agás: at the weekend

at night

• Opunto(.)vaiaofinaldasoraciónsafirmativasenegativas. Monkeys like bananas. Pandas don’t eat animals.• Osinaldeinterrogación(?)ponsesóaofinaldaspreguntas. Have you got a rabbit? Do zebras sleep at night?• Osinaldeexclamación(!)taménseponsóaofinaldafraseeserveparaexpresarunhaemociónouun

sentimentoeparafacerfincapénalgunhacousa. Wow! This is great!• Avírgula(,)emprégaseparasepararpalabrasouideas.Poloxeralnonsepondiantedeand. Cats, dogs and hamsters are popular pets.

Writing Guide

Writing Guide


Osuxeitodasoraciónsafirmativasenegativasponsediantedoverbo,eoobxectoponsedetrás.

Dan cooks dinner. They aren’t feeding the dog. s v o s v o

Naspreguntas,osuxeitovaidetrásdoverboouentreoauxiliareoverboprincipal.Oobxectotaménsepondetrás.

Where is my desk? Does Laura speak French? v s aux s v o

Poloxeralvandiantedossubstantivos.

cold chips great rice adj n adj n

Etaméndetrásdoverboto be.

Thechipsare cold. Thericeis great. v adj v adj

Sonpalabrasquexuntandúasoumáisideas.

• and(e)unedúasoraciónsouideas.

I can swim and I can dance.

• but(pero)contrastadúasideas.

I can ski but I can’t skate.

• because (porque)expresaarazónoucausadalgunhacousa.

I must run because I’m late.

Candosecontaunhaseriedefeitos,empréganseestaspalabrasparaamosaraordeenqueocorreron:

• first(primeiro,enprimeirolugar),sinalaoprimeiroquepasou.

• then(logo,daquela,entón).

• next(acontinuación).

• finally(aofinal,pararematar)sinalaoderradeiroquepasou.

Last week, I was in London. First, I met my aunt. Then, we went shopping. Next, we had lunch. Finally, she took me home.

a ORDE DaS paLaBRaS: SuXEitO – VERBO - OBXEctO(Word order: Subject / Verb / Object)

a ORDE DaS paLaBRaS: OS aDXEctiVOS(Word order: adjectives)

OS cOnEctORES DE SEcuEncia(connectors of sequence)

aS cOnXunciónS(Linking words)


Writing Guide

SER ou ESTAR Presente

TO BE Present Simple

SER ou ESTAR Pasado

TO BE Past Simple

eu son / estou

ti es / estás

el, ela é / está

nós somos / estamos

vós sodes / estades

eles, elas son / están

I am

you are

he, she, it is

we are

you are

they are

eu era, fun / estaba, estiven

ti eras, fuches / estabas, estiveches

el, ela era, foi / estaba, estivo

nós eramos, fomos / estabamos, estivemos

vós erades, fostes / estabades, estivestes

eles, elas eran, foron / estaban, estiveron

I was

you were

he, she, it was

we were

you were

they were

Notas

1.- O verbo to be é un verbo auxiliar, polo que para facer a súa negativa abonda con engadirlle not. Para a interrogativa, poñeremos o verbo diante do suxeito.

2.- Traducirémolo por “ser” ou “estar” segundo o contexto. Ademais empregaremos este verbo para dicir a idade dunha persoa: I am twelve years old. (Teño doce anos.)

TER Presente

TO HAVE GOT Present Simple

eu teño

ti tes

el, ela ten

nós temos

vós tedes / tendes

eles, elas teñen

I have got

you have got

he, she, it has got

we have got

you have got

they have got

Notas

1.- O verbo have é un verbo auxiliar, polo que para facer a súa negativa abonda con engadirlle not. Para a interrogativa, poñeremos o verbo have / has / had diante do suxeito, seguido de got.

2.- Nunca se pode utilizar o verbo have got para referírmonos á idade dunha persoa. Para iso, empregaremos o verbo to be.

Cadros resumo


TEMPOS VERBAIS TENSES OUTRAS EQUIVALENCIAS

PRESENTE PRESENT SIMPLE

eu xogo

ti xogas

el, ela xoga

nós xogamos

vós xogades

eles, elas xogan

I play

you play

he, she, it plays

we play

you play

they play

PERÍFRASE PRESENT CONTINUOUS FUTURO: PERÍFRASE

eu estou a xogar / xogando

ti estás a xogar / xogando

el, ela está a xogar / xogando

nós estamos a xogar / xogando

vós estades a xogar / xogando

eles, elas están a xogar / xogando

I am playing

you are playing

he, she, it is playing

we are playing

you are playing

they are playing

eu vou xogar

ti vas xogar

el, ela vai xogar

nós imos xogar

vós ides xogar

eles, elas van xogar

FUTURE: BE GOING TO

I am going to play

you are going to play

he, she, it is going to play

we are going to play

you are going to play

they are going to play

PRETÉRITO IMPERFECTO PAST SIMPLE PRETÉRITO PERFECTO

eu xogaba

ti xogabas

el, ela xogaba

nós xogabamos

vós xogabades

eles, elas xogaban

I played

you played

he, she, it played

we played

you played

they played

eu xoguei

ti xogaches

el, ela xogou

nós xogamos

vós xogastes

eles, elas xogaron

38

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