1

Introduction into

Cell Biology

Aim :

.To provide an understanding of the relationship between the STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION of CELLS and their ORGANELLES and the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX .

2

Objectives

Students should be able to :

• Identify the cell .

• Characteristic of cell and life .

• list the properties of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells .

• Cell types.

• Cell theory .

3

Cell Structure & Function

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

What is Life made of?

What is a cell

• structural and functional units of all living organisms

• A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions

• unicellular and multicellular organisms

bacteria vs. human

Characteristics of Cells and Life

• Cell :

• All living things (single and multicellular) are made of cells that share some common characteristics:

– basic shape : spherical, cubical, cylindrical

– internal content : cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane

– DNA chromosome(s), ribosomes, metabolic capabilities

• Two basic cell types: eucaryotic and procaryotic

• Life :

Growth , Reproduction, Metabolism , Movement , protection, and storage , Transport of nutrients and waste

Examples of Cells

Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Bacteria

Chapter 5 9

The Cell Theory

1. Every living organism is made up of at least one cell.

2. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of organisms.

3. All cells arise from preexisting cells.

10

Cell Biology

-> All living organisms are made out of cells -> Cells are the smallest living unit

Human egg cell + sperm

11

Cell Biology

Single cell organisms – Multi cell organisms -> Single cell organisms -> Microorganisms

Bacteria Archea

12

Cell Biology

-> multi cell organisms -> higher degree or organization of cells within the organism -> specialization of cells

Human red blood cells Plant cells Human skin cells

13

Cell Types

• Prokaryotic: – Smaller, 1—5 µm – No organelles – No nucleus – DNA in circular loop – - Binary fission

• Eukaryotic: – Larger, 8—100 µm – Membranous organelles – Nucleus – DNA in linear chromosomes – Cell growth by cell division

14

Cell Biology

Two cell types - The Three Domain System

Prokaryotes

15

Cell Types

16

Protozoa

Euglena

Amoeba

Paramecium

Cell Biology

summery • cell is the smallest structural and functional units

of all living organisms. Every living organism(Single cell organisms – Multi cell organisms) is made up of at least one cell.

• All cells arise from preexisting cells.

• life is represented by growth , reproduction ,

Metabolism and Movement , etc.

Cells are of 2 types : Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

.