•Introduction

•Evaporation

•Transpiration

•Condensation

•Precipitation

•Infiltration

•Percolation

•Runoff•Groundwater

Water is essential for all life. Plants and animals Water is essential for all life. Plants and animals rely on water to survive.rely on water to survive.

Water covers about 2/3 of the earth’s surface.Water covers about 2/3 of the earth’s surface. The way water moves around the world and the The way water moves around the world and the

way it is stored is called the water cycle. way it is stored is called the water cycle. The water cycle is the continuous cycle of water as

it changes its physical state and geographic position over the Earth’s surface. Water is transferred between various storages through a number of processes.

The water cycle is also known as the hydrologic cycle.

It describes how water is collected, purified and distributed over the Earth’s surface in a continuous cycle (meaning in an endless cycle).

The water is always moving and always changing.

The water cycle is a closed system, this means that no water enters or leaves the system.

The total amount of water circulating in the cycle is 1385 million cubic kilometres.

This same amount of water has been in the water cycle for millions of years…. you may drink the same water that Cleopatra bathed in or was urinated by a dinosaur… it is just as well that it is purified through the process of evaporation!

What powers the system?  

the sun’s energy: insolation or incoming solar radiation that causes evaporation.

gravity: causes precipitation to fall to the ground and water to run downhill and sink into the ground.

Date:

The conversion of liquid water into water vapour

When moisture is lost by evaporation from plant leaves

When water vapour gets converted back into liquid water

When moisture falls back to earth in the form of rain, sleet, hail, snow, fog, dew and frost

When water soaks into the soil.

Water that flows through the rocks underground.

Water that flows across the surface of the ground.

Water that flows in rivers… eventually into the sea.

When water moves down through the layers of soil and rock to become groundwater

Water moving through the soil

Water running across the Earth’s surface

Water stored in underground aquifers

Some surface runoff evaporated the rest will infiltrate or flow down watercourses such as rivers

Water evaporated from plants through the leaves

Solar energy converts liquid water into water vapour to be stored as clouds

Water returning to the cycle usually as rainWater stored

as water vapour

InteractivesInteractives

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int/geog/rivers/flash/education/int/geog/rivers/flash/home.swfhome.swf

1. Evapotranspiration or transpiration 1. Evapotranspiration or transpiration 2. Condensation;2. Condensation;

3. Precipitation; 3. Precipitation; 4. Infiltration; 4. Infiltration; 5. Throughflow or percolation5. Throughflow or percolation 6. Runoff; 6. Runoff; 7. Groundwater flow 7. Groundwater flow 8. Evaporation8. Evaporation

http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/09/29/2376660.htm Orange to 2008/09/29/2376660.htm Orange to harvest stormwaterharvest stormwater

Q) Explain why the hydrological cycle Q) Explain why the hydrological cycle is a closed system [2marks]is a closed system [2marks]

Q) Describe and explain how water is Q) Describe and explain how water is returned to the atmosphere [3marks]returned to the atmosphere [3marks]

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