introduction-autonomic nervous system pharmacology-bds
DESCRIPTION
Theory-Pharmacology-BDSTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ANS Introductio
n
Dr.U.P.RathnakarMD.DIH.PGDHM
![Page 2: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ANS-PharmacologyNervous systemSympathetic and ParasympatheticFunctions and ConnectionsReceptors –Symp[Adrenergic] &
P.Symp[Cholinergic]NeurotransmittersNeurotransmissionCholinergic agonists and antagonistsAdrenergic agonists and antagonists
![Page 3: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Motor
Sensory
Enteric
![Page 4: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Neuronal connections-Somatic & ANS
![Page 5: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Autonomic Somatic
Supplies all innervated Sk.Muscles structures
Synapses outside CNS Inside C.S.axis Ganglia No ganglia
Peripheral plexus + Absent Post ganglionic fibres Post ganglionic fibres
non-myelinated myelinated
Spontaneous activity Nil
in effectors
Interruption of nerve supply Disuse Atrophy
-no atrophy
NA and Adrenaline Acetylcholine
![Page 6: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Flight, Fight and Fright Sit & Digest
Sympathtic P.Sympathtic
![Page 7: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Organ Sympathtic P.Sympathetic [Flight & Fright] [Sit & Digest]
Survival Possible Not possible Eye MydriasisMiosis Heart Stim. Dep. Bronchi Dilation Spasm GIT ↓Motility ↑Motility ↓Secretion ↑SecretionContracts spincter Relaxes spincters UB Relaxes detrusor Contracts detrusor, Contracts trigone Relaxes trigone &
& spincter spincter
Sexual organs Ejaculation Erection
Sk.MusclesContractility increased
![Page 8: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Adrenergic receptors[Symp]Receptors: α1a, α1b, α1d,
α 2a α2b α2c
β1, β2, β3
Neurotransmitter- Nor adrenaline, Adrenaline
![Page 10: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Receptors- ParasympetheticCHOLINERGIC
Muscarinic= M1, M2, M3, M4, M5
Nicotinic= NN, NM
Neurotransmitter = Acetylcholine
![Page 11: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Neurohumoral transmission“ Nerve impulses elicit responses in effector organs and post synaptic neurones through liberation of specific chemical transmitters”
Junctional transmission Vs Nerve conduction
![Page 12: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
History: Neurotransmission
Initially thought tobe electrical.
Otto Lewi → Frog hearts perfused in series →
Stim.vagosymp.trunk of I organ
→Perfusate produced inhibitory effect on II heart. →
Vagus stoffe. ( Acceleran stoffe.)
![Page 13: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tachycardia or Bradycardia
TachycardiaOr Bradycardia
Otto Lewi’s experiment
Flow of Chemic
alsubstan
ce
Otto Lewi’s Expt
![Page 14: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Criteria: NeurotransmitterShould be present in
Presynaptic neurones
Should be Released on nerve impulse
Application of sub. Produces Similar response to nerve stimulation
Effects are antagonised or
potentiated by other sub. Which also similarly alter nerve stimulation.
![Page 15: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Steps in neurotransmission: Impulse conductionArrival of impulseSynthesis Storage & release
of transmitter
Combination of transmitter
with P.J. receptors
Postjunctional activity: Excitatory[EPSP] or Inhibitory[IPSP]
Termination of neurotransmitter action
[Diffusion, destruction, reuptak
![Page 16: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Impulse conduction:
Arrival of impulse→ ↑ Na conductance→ Depolarization→Inside (+)ve→(K flows out→Repolarization) →Action potential→Impulse propogation.
![Page 17: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Storage & release of transmitter:
Neurotransmitter synthesized and stored in pre junctional nerve endings in “Synaptic Vesicles”
Arrival of nerve impulse→Fuses vesicular and axonal membrane(small amounts constantly released without impulse)
Ca entry fluidizes membrane→Contents of vesicle released→Exocytosis
Other protiens also participate in docking and fusion.
Presynaptic receptors modulate transmitter release
![Page 18: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Combination of transmitter with P.J. receptors and P.J.potential:
Excitatory post synaptic potential(EPSP): ↑ permeability to cations-Na or Ca→ Depolarization→ EPSP
IPSP: ↑ permeability to K or Cl→ Hyperpolarization→ IPSP
![Page 19: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Postjunctional activity: EPSP more than threshold level
→AP→ActivityIPSP(neurones, smooth muscles not in
Sk.muscles) → Opposes excitatory impulses
Final response depends on summation of all responses
![Page 20: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Termination of neurotransmitter action:
Dissipation or destructionACHE(acetylcholinesterase) →Hydrolyzes Ach. →if ACHE is inhibited action prolonged
Adrenergic- Diffusion, Reuptake
![Page 21: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NON-Electrogenic functions of neurotransmitter:
Continuos low grade release→No P.J. activity→ But imp. For turn over of enzymes of synthesis, inactivation, maintainance of pre and post synaptic transmission. These are trophic actions of neurotransmitter.
![Page 22: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Co-Transmitter: Other transmitters released along with principal transmitter
Ach-VIP, NA-ATPOther cotransmitters- Adenosine,
neuropeptide-Y, NO, Somatostatin etc. NANC: Nonadrenergic-noncholinergic
transmission-exists in ANS. Principal transmitter is not Ach or NA. Eg. In GIT, GUT, (adenosine, ATP)
![Page 23: Introduction-Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology-BDS](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102504/551c5bef4a795911108b4854/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
NN
NM
M1 M2 M3
α1α2
β1β2β
3
NN
NN
α1α2
β1β2β
3