Intro to Organic Chemistry

Study of molecules with carbon-carbon bonds

Organic & Inorganic Compounds

• All organisms are made up of organic and inorganic compounds

• Organic compounds–compounds that contain both carbon

and hydrogen–called organic because they are

mainly found in living things–Examples: enzymes, sugars, insulin

Organic & Inorganic Compounds

• Inorganic compounds–compounds that do not contain

both carbon and hydrogen.–organisms do require certain

inorganic substances to survive–Examples: water, salts, acids and

bases

• STOP & JOT: Explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds

• Circle the molecule if it is organic, put a square around it if it is inorganic

H2O C6H12O6 CO2 NaCl C8H9NO2

Carbon Bonding

• Carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level– It wants eight to achieve stability

• To fill its outer level it will form four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or other elements

• STOP & JOT: Why is carbon so good at forming bonds?

Carbon-Carbon Bonding

• Because carbon loves to bond to itself it can form many different arrangements

1. Ring 2. Straight3. Branched

ring

branchedstraigh

t

Types of Bonding

• Carbon can form three types of bonds– Single bond: 2 atoms share 1

pair of electrons– Double Bond: 2 atoms share 2

pairs of electrons– Triple Bond: 2 atoms share 3

pairs of electrons

Monomers & Polymers

• Monomers: small compounds, the “building block”– Monomers can be joined together to

form polymers • Polymers: large compounds formed by

monomers– Macromolecules: largest polymers

• Examples: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Monomer

Polymer

STOP & JOT: The prefix mono means ___________. The prefix poly means ___________

Monomers & Polymers

• Think about making houses– House are made from “bricks”– If you want to make different house,

you have to use different bricks

Monomers & Polymers

• If you want to make different macromolecules you need to use different monomers (bricks)– Some monomers

(bricks) builds proteins other monomers(bricks) build lipids

STOP & JOT: Arrange the following from smallest to largest--

• Polymer, atom, monomer, macromolecule, molecule

• Atom, molecule, monomer, polymer, macromolecule

• Circle the picture that represents the monomer and put a square around the picture that represents the polymer

Building Larger Molecules

• Dehydration Synthesis (condensation reaction)

• Takes smaller, simpler molecules (monomers) and combines them to form larger, more complex molecules with the removal of one WATER molecule

Dehydration Synthesis

STOP & JOT: In your own words, summarize a dehydration synthesis reaction

Breaking Apart Large Molecules

• Hydrolysis Reactions• This involves adding water to break

apart large molecules into smaller ones.–This process can be repeated on

huge polymers until it has been entirely split into its monomer units

• STOP & JOT: How is hydrolysis different than dehydration synthesis?

Keystone Quiz

Carbon is unique due to the carbon atom’sA. Six outer unpaired electrons.B. Bonding properties.C. Ionic compounds.D. Hydrogen bonding strength.