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Interview Question and Answer for

Android Jobs

Economic Timesin daily news displayed the current statistics on jobopenings:

Over the last two years, job postings for mobile developers havedoubled, yet the number of registered mobile developers isexpected to grow by 13% annually till 2015 and a shortage ofmobile developer talent is predicted.

Android, the open source platform allows the developers to write aptcodes for maintaining the look and functionality of mobile devices.Product companies, mobile R & D centers, gaming companies andmedia firms are companies hiring android developers and few of our

current openings are, SignEasy, Streamoid, syncusUp, and Giftbig.These are our hiring partners whose sample interview queries have
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There have been numerous posts on android application developmentand as to why it is important. But the beginners might have numerousqueries and get troubled traversing through innumerable tabs for theiranswers. This post is meant for those readers who are novice to Androidtechnology and want to have an idea about it.

Latest Interview Question and Answer for AndroidJobs

1. What is Android? Describe the features it offers.

Android is an open source operating system based on Linux. It is aninnovative and useful platform to design, browse, download and updateapps by the help of i ts extensive features.

The various features which Android supports are:

Memory management: The power consumption is kept at aminimal. It suspends the activities inactive for a time when thereis an indication of low memory thereby increasing itsreceptiveness.Connection: Offers technologies like EDGE, IDEN,CDMA, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and NFC.Storage:A light weight operating system which can store large

amount of data.Language support: It offers a platform for multiple languages.

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different formats like WebM, H.263, H.264, AAC, HE-

AAC MPEG-4 SP, AMR, MP3, MIDI, FLAC, WAV, JPEG

and PNG.

2. What are the different versions of Android available in the

market?

Android is available in the market with many versions such as:

Android DonutAndroid EclairAndroid FroyoAndroid GingerbreadAndroid HoneycombAndroid Icecream SandwichAndroid JellybeanAndroid Key lime pie

All the names of these versions have been developed in an alphabeticalorder.

3. Why use Android over other technologies?

Android has dominated the app market due to the following reasons:

Low price: Being open source Android doesnt have anydevelopment fee and is free to deploy without any licensing fee.Easy accessibility: The supporting platforms being Linux, MacOs, Windows provide easy access and core functionality forexquisite app development.Easy Import to third party: It has a simple Software developmentkit and imports easily to the third party Java.Re-usability of components: Components can be reused by theapplication framework.Range of mobile apps: Befitting technology giving a large
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number of options to the users and a variety of resources.

4. Describe the components of Android.

The various components of Android under its architecture are:

SERVICES: Service is an application component running in

background even on switching to different applications and not

interacting with the user.

INTENT: Intents performs operation on an activity or service

and provides notification messages for the information of a

particular state that has occurred to create awareness among

the users of the present scenario.

RESOURCE EXTERNALIZATION: such as strings or graphs.

NOTIFICATIONS: Messages to alert the users regarding some

activities or services using light, sound, dialog box or icons.

CONTENT PROVIDERS: Sharing of data among various

applications to access data uniformly.

5. What do you understand by Sticky Intent?

Stick Intent is a type of intent that enables communication between afunction and a service. It is a broadcast from sendStickyBroadcast()method such that the intent is around even after the broadcast, allowingto collect data from it.

6. Which language is generally supported by Android for app

development?

Javais the language most commonly used by the developers which iseven ideal for the beginners having a Java background. We canprogram such apps using C/C++ using NDK and compiled usingAndroid SDK.


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7. Give the storage methods of Android or How is data stored in

Android?

There are various ways to store data according to our needs:

Shared Preferences: Store private primitive data in key-value

pairs

Internal Storage: Store private data on the device memory.

External Storage: Store public data on the shared external

storage.

SQLite Databases: Store structured data in a private database.

Network Connection: Store data on the web with your own

network server.

8. Give an overview of Android architecture

Android Architecture comprises of 4 key components:

Linux Kernel

Libraries

Android Framework

Android Applications

The Android Framework is an important aspect of the AndroidArchitecture. Here one can find all the classes and methods thatdevelopers would need in order to write applications on the Androidenvironment.

9. Describe the ANR status

ANR (Application Not Responding) is a dialog that appears to the userwhen an application has been unresponsive for quite an interval of time.


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OCCURENCE:

No response to an input with a time gap of 5 seconds. Broadcast receiver doesnt execute with a time gap of 10seconds.

PREVENTION:

By creating a child thread where most of the actual working of the codescan be placed, results in the running of main threads with minimal intervalof unresponsive times.

10. What is an activity? Differentiate Activities from Services

Activities refer to the opening to user-interface to facilitate interactionwith the application and take a requisite action.

Activities can be closed or terminated anytime according to the userswishes. On the other hand, services are designed to run in thebackground and act independently. Most of the services runcontinuously, regardless of the execution of activities.

11. What are the three keys required while monitoring an activity?

Entire lifetime activity between onCreate and onDestroy.

Visible lifetime activity between onStart and onStop.

Foreground lifetime activity between onResume and

onPause.

12. What are the four essential states of an activity?

Active foreground activity

Paused background activity and still visible

Stopped hidden or obscured activity which is not visible

Destroyed killed or completely terminated activity


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13. What are the different states on which a process is based?

Foreground activity: Activity which is the most important

compared to the others and terminated at last only if it is

consuming too much of memory.

Visible activity: A visible activity is one that sits behind a

foreground dialog. It is actually visible to the user, but not

necessarily being in the foreground itself.

Background activity: Activity that goes on behind the scenes i.e.

the background.

Empty process: Process that doesnt hold any active

application components responsible for caching purposes.

14. How will you launch an Activity within you application?

A. To launch an application, we need to create an intent that explicitlydefines the activity that we wish to start.

Code:

Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyTestActivity.class);

startActivity(intent);

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15. Name the dialog boxes that you can use in Android

application

AlertDialog: 0-3 buttons to select elements including checkboxes and radio buttons.


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ProgressDialog: Extension of the former to display the progress

of a running application. Addition of buttons is also an option.

DatePickerDialog: Allows the user to select the date.

TimePickerDialog: Allows the user to the current time.

16. What are the different data types used by Android?

The data can interconnect between services and activities using thefollowing data types:

PRIMITIVE DATA TYPE: Data which isnt treated as an object

is of primitive type. It is inbuilt within the program and is named

by a reserved keyword. They are used to share the activities

and services of an application and provide simple

implementation of the type.

NON-PERSISTENT OBJECTS: User defined data types used

to share complex and non-persistent object having a limited

access. They have a unique identity but the complexity

increases the delay time.

USES:

Determination of the memory storageDetermination of the literals stored

Possibility of the operations on a variable type

17. What are the approaches required to share persistent user-defined objects?

Persistent objects is said to be existing when we encounter a runningprocess and the system is allowed to perform any action like restart or

kill. If any data persists and is required from another data then it is firstnecessary to save it and then share it so one activity which is down


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doesnt hinder another activity. To share the complex persistent user-defined objects, the steps to be followed are:

Application preferences: Allows the user to change the setting

of preferences and make it accessible by some other objects.

Files: Sets permissions on a file to use and share the objects.

Content providers: Allows easy to follow patterns to permitting

the user to select the object and share it with other functions.

Database: Stores the user data and easily links between the

user and the entity that are present in it.

18. What is an action?

An action is a description of what the intent sender desires to do or

expects to get as a response. Most of the application functionality isbased on the intended action.

19. What is a fragment? Can we use or add a fragment without

using a user interface?

A fragment is a part or portion of user-interface in an activity. It ismodular where we can combine multiple fragments to build a multi-paneUI and a fragment can be reused in multiple activities.

Yes, you can add or use a fragment such as when you want to create abackground behavior for a particular activity you can do this by using add(Fragment, string) method to add a fragment from the activity.

20. What are containers?

Containers as the name signifies hold components (objects andwidgets) together to design your application depending on therequirement of the items and their arrangement. They mayaccommodate labels, buttons, fields etc. In every layout, few components

have a parent called containers.
http://www.learn-android.com/2010/01/05/android-layout-tutorial/


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21. Define APK format

APK file is compacted AndroidManifest.xml file that has .apk extension.

Resource files, Application code and many other files are present in this

format and are compressed to single file which has .apk extension. The

APK file is compressed the AndroidManifest.xml file, application code

(.dex files), resource files, and other files. A project is compiled into a

single .apk file.

22. What are the steps to check status of an activity in Android?

The status of an activity can take two states: START or STOP. The startsignifies an activity running. It means the execution of a process and anaction being performed. Whereas the stop state signifies the dismissalof a process and no action is performed during this time. To see or

check the status of an activity,

NEW_TASK_LAUNCH flag : Tracks the activities in runningstateStartActivity() call: Command under which the flag resides andto bring back the activity in front of a running process.

The activity can be started remotely by using the remote services. Theseservices permit easy interaction with the client and have a sampleprovided to show the local server.

23. How does Android system track the applications?

Each application is assigned a specific ID by the Android system calleda Linux user ID. This ID helps us to track these applications. Theassigning of these unique IDs run each application in isolation to theothers providing each of them with different virtual machines. Eachapplication is enforced at the process level through the kernel providingthem only limited access to the operating system. The system runs an

app when its components have to be executed and closes them when nolonger in use.


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24. What are the security measures that are followed to make

Android secure?

Android follows many measures to secure its system. Androids keysecurity features are:

1. Security at the Operating System level through the Linux kernel

2. Mandatory application sandbox

3. Secure inter-process communication

4. Application signing

5. Application-defined and user granted permissions

Doesnt allow other applications to run on their systemAbility to remove unnecessary or insecure parts of the kernel.Encryption of messages ensuring the security of phone.Doesnt allow multiple users to access each others resourcesand uses sandbox giving limited access to sensitiveinformation.Grants the operating system a secure mechanism, processisolation and application security scans which proves to beeffective.User defined terms and agreement.

25. Mention few disadvantages of Android

An all-time GPRS connection to run the Android system.Being open source its always vulnerable.Release of different Android OS for different mobile devicesdoesnt allow apps to adapt with all its versions.Apps are specific i.e. app running in one version may/may notrun on another version.Trouble to develop apps to accommodate various screen sizeand forms.

Wastage of memory due to a lot of background activities.Display of ads in an application though obtained for free.


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Manikanta //03 Aug 2013

Android Development

Priyanka //14 Aug 2013

very interesting questions. Today I noticed about the alphabetical order of the

Android versions Very informative details for Androidians.


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