international journal of pure and applied mathematics volume … · 2018. 3. 15. · designing...
TRANSCRIPT
DESIGNING DIRECT CURRENT CONVERTER BASED ON FLYBACK TOPOLOGY
1Sankar Murugesan,
2Parvathi R,
3Pradip Surgonda Bhendwade,
4Sarvajeet A Bhosale
1,3,4Professor, Department of Electronics and Tele Communication Engineering, 2Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
1,2,3,4Affiliated to D-Batu Technological University, Lonere, Maharastra, INDIA.
Abstract: Power electronic converters are getting a
vital component for the longer term development of
crucial applications and square measure getting into
more technologies, that historically belongs to
completely different engineering disciplines as e.g.
power distribution and universal power supplies.
Therefore, the power electronic technology has not
solely to fulfill characteristics demanded by the load,
however even be ready to method energy with high
potency, high dependability, high power density and
low value. In the proposed system, Flyback convertor is
used rather than Full Bridge convertor at the front of
DC convertor. By using Flyback Topology the quantity
of switches within the convertor is reduced so reducing
the switch losses and increasing the potency of the
system. The topology of the projected Ripple
cancellation Network is enforced. The convertor as
shown is meant to change of magnitude voltage. The
flyback convertor is employed to spice up the voltage
and given back to the clamping circuit it scale back the
ringing losses and given back to the electrical device
stage with rectification section.the Ripple cancellation
Network regulate the voltages & rectifies it with the
assistance of diodes.the input & output filter is
employed to filter the ripples within the input/output
section.
Keywords: Fly back converter; Ripple cancellation
Network; power electronic converter; steady state
analysis.
1. Introduction
Power electronics is that the field of applied science
associated with the utilization of semiconductor devices
to convert power from the shape out there from a
supply to it needed by a load. The load could also be
AC or DC, single-phase or three-phase, and should or
might not like isolation from the facility supply. the
facility supply are often a DC supply or Associate in
Nursing AC supply (single-phase or three-phase with
line frequency of fifty or sixty Hz), an electrical
battery, a solar battery, an electrical generator or an
advert power offer.
A power convertor takes the facility provided by
the supply and converts it to the shape needed by the
load. The power converter can be an AC-DC convertor,
a DC-DC convertor, a DC-AC or Associate in Nursing
AC-AC converter reckoning on the appliance.
DC-DC converters square measure electronic
devices used whenever we would like to vary DC
electric power with efficiency from one voltage level to
a different. they're required as a result of in contrast to
AC, DC cannot merely be stepped up or down
employing a electrical device. In some ways, a DC-DC
convertor is that the DC equivalent of a electrical
device.
Typical applications of DC-DC converters square
measure wherever 24V DC from a truck battery should
be stepped right down to 12V DC to control a
automobile radio, CB transceiver or mobile phone;
wherever 12V DC from a lead-acid accumulator should
be stepped right down to 3V DC, to run a private CD
player; wherever 5V DC on a private laptop
motherboard should be stepped right down to 3V, 2V
or less for one amongst the newest C.P.U. chips;
wherever the 340V DC obtained by rectifying 240V
AC power should be stepped right down to 5V, one2V
and alternative DC voltages as a part of a computer
power supply; wherever 1.5V from one cell should be
stepped up to 5V or a lot of, to control electronic
circuitry; wherever 6V or 9V DC should be stepped up
to 500V DC or a lot of, to supply Associate in Nursing
insulation testing voltage; wherever 12V DC should be
stepped up to 40V about, to run a automobile hifi
amplifier’s circuitry; or wherever 12V DC should be
stepped up to 650V DC about, as a part of a DC-AC
sine-wave electrical converter.
In all of those applications, we would like to vary
the DC energy from one voltage level to a different,
whereas wasting as very little as potential within the
method. In alternative words, we would like to perform
the conversion with the best potential potency.
An important purpose to recollect concerning all
DC-DC converters is that sort of a electrical device,
they basically simply modification the input energy into
a unique electrical resistance level. therefore regardless
of the output voltage level, the output power all comes
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 118 No. 20 2018, 1093-1103ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu
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from the input; there’s no energy factory-made
within the convertor.
2. Literature Survey
In Falin (2010) work, the same as the SEPIC DC/DC
convertor topology, the alphabetic character convertor
topology provides a positive output voltage from
Associate in Nursing input voltage that varies higher
than and below the output voltage. It explains the way
to style a alphabetic character convertor running in
continuous-conduction mode (CCM) with a coupled
electrical device.
Zhu and Ioinovici (1996) proposes comprehensive
and correct steady-state analysis of a change of
magnitude DC-DC switched-capacitor power convertor
is performed. The convertor performance functions, i.e.
DC voltage quantitative relation, efficiency, output
voltage ripple, square measure expressed in terms of
the quantity of switched-capacitor stages, range of
capacitors per stage, values of the capacitors and
parasitic parts, switch frequency and cargo. criterion
aiming at high potency, low ripple and possible output
voltage square measure developed. Trade-offs between
the potency demand and sensible regulation capability
square measure mentioned.
Yang, Liang and Chen describes Transformer less
dc-dc converters with high change of magnitude
voltage gain. The DC-DC convertor with high change
of magnitude voltage gain is wide used for several
applications, like fuel-cell energy-conversion systems,
solar-cell energy-conversion systems, and high-
intensity-discharge lamp ballasts for automobile
headlamps. The operative principles and also the
steady-state analyses of the projected convertor square
measure mentioned intimately. Finally, a paradigm
circuit of the projected convertor is enforced within the
laboratory to verify the performance of the projected
convertor.
Tomaszuk and Krupa (2011) proposes a High-
efficiency, high change of magnitude dc-dc converters.
The renewable energy sources like PV modules, fuel
cells or energy storage devices like super capacitors or
batteries deliver output voltage at the vary of around
twelve to seventy VDC. A comparison and discussion
of various DC/DC change of magnitude topologies are
performed across range of parameters and given during
this paper. large losses square measure high
Oded Abutbul, swayer Gherlitz and Yefim
Berkovich (2003) develops change of magnitude
Switching-Mode convertor With High Voltage Gain
employing a Switched-Capacitor Circuit. The
simplicity and hardiness of the answer, the chance of
obtaining higher voltage ratios than cascading boost
converters, while not mistreatment transformers with
all their issues, and also the sensible overall potency
square measure the advantages of the projected
convertor. pricey a lot of range of parts.
3. Proposed System
Power electronic converters are getting a vital
component for the longer term development of crucial
applications and square measure getting into a lot of
and a lot of in technologies, that historically belongs to
completely different engineering disciplines as e.g.
power distribution and universal power provides.
Therefore, the facility convertor technology has not
solely to fulfill characteristics demanded by the load,
however even be ready to method energy with high
potency, high dependability, high power density and
low value.
Furthermore, the chance of getting power
converters that not solely optimize performance and
minimize the dimensions of magnetic parts, however
conjointly permits the stabilization and improvement
on the grid is of nice profit. the utilization of resonant
converters is a horny choice to reach the said high
necessities. However, for wide output/input voltage
variation, the convertor should operate with a large
vary of switch frequency, that complicates the
improvement of the convertor. so as to control in wide
voltage vary, it's nearly not possible to method the
energy with one stage resolution. therefore here during
this project flyback primarily based RCN Network is
projected.
In the proposed system, Flyback convertor is
used rather than Full Bridge convertor at the front of
DC convertor. By using Flyback Topology the quantity
of switches within the convertor is reduced so reducing
the switch losses and increasing the potency of the
system.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
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Figure
In figure 1 shows three stages of the proposed
system. That is voltage boosting,regulation stage and
transformer stage. However, the transformer stage and
control of the convertor are new. The topology of the
projected RCN network is enforced. The convertor as
shown is meant to change of magnitude voltage.
The flyback convertor is employed to spice up
the voltage and given back to the clamping circuit it
scale back the ringing losses and given back to the
electrical device stage with rectification section.the
RCN network regulate the voltages & rectifies it with
the assistance of diodes.the input & output filter is
employed to filter the ripples within the input/output
section. The benefits of the work are Switching losses
are reduced, Efficiency is high, Number of
reduced and Cost effective.
The proposed work consists of following processes:
1. Fly back converter
2. Ripple cancellation Network
3. Efficiency calculation
3.1 Fly back Converter
The ac input is given to fly back convertor. It wi
operative within the following manner. once the first
switch, S1, is on, the complete input DC voltage from
the PV panel is affected across the electrical device, so
golf stroke energy into its magnetizing inductance and
creating its magnetizing current rise. once S1 is turned
off, the energy that was hold on within the
transformer's magnetizing inductance is transferred to
the output, that is that the grid. Since the output is AC,
ure 1. Block diagram of proposed system
1 shows three stages of the proposed
system. That is voltage boosting,regulation stage and
transformer stage. However, the transformer stage and
control of the convertor are new. The topology of the
projected RCN network is enforced. The convertor as
is meant to change of magnitude voltage.
The flyback convertor is employed to spice up
the voltage and given back to the clamping circuit it
scale back the ringing losses and given back to the
electrical device stage with rectification section.the
twork regulate the voltages & rectifies it with
the assistance of diodes.the input & output filter is
employed to filter the ripples within the input/output
Switching losses
Number of switches are
The proposed work consists of following processes:
convertor. It will be
operative within the following manner. once the first
switch, S1, is on, the complete input DC voltage from
the PV panel is affected across the electrical device, so
golf stroke energy into its magnetizing inductance and
ent rise. once S1 is turned
off, the energy that was hold on within the
transformer's magnetizing inductance is transferred to
the output, that is that the grid. Since the output is AC,
this implies that it's either transferred through diode &
switch once the output voltage is positive or through
diode & switch once it's negative.
Fly-back convertor is that the most ordinarily used
SMPS circuit for low output power applications
wherever the output voltage has to be isolated from the
input main offer. The output power of fly
SMPS circuits could vary from few watts to but on
hundred watts.
The overall circuit topology of this convertor is
significantly less complicated than alternative SMPS
circuits. Input to the circuit is mostly unregulated dc
voltage obtained by rectifying the utility ac voltage
followed by an easy capacitance filter. The circuit
offers single or multiple isolated output voltages and
might operate over big selection of input voltage
variation. In respect of energy
power provides square measure inferior to several
alternative SMPS circuits however its easy topology
and low value makes it well-liked in low output power
vary.
The basic topology of a fly-
in below. Input to the circuit could also be unregulated
dc voltage derived from the utility ac offer when
rectification and a few filtering. a quick switch device
(‘S’), sort of a MOSFET, is employed with quick
dynamic management over switch duty quantitative
relation (ratio of ON time to switch time
care of the required output voltage. The electrical
device, in Figure 2, is employed for voltage isolation in
addition as for higher matching between input and
output voltage and current necessities.
this implies that it's either transferred through diode &
the output voltage is positive or through
back convertor is that the most ordinarily used
SMPS circuit for low output power applications
wherever the output voltage has to be isolated from the
input main offer. The output power of fly-back kind
SMPS circuits could vary from few watts to but one
The overall circuit topology of this convertor is
significantly less complicated than alternative SMPS
circuits. Input to the circuit is mostly unregulated dc
voltage obtained by rectifying the utility ac voltage
itance filter. The circuit
offers single or multiple isolated output voltages and
might operate over big selection of input voltage
variation. In respect of energy-efficiency, fly-back
power provides square measure inferior to several
uits however its easy topology
liked in low output power
-back circuit is shown
in below. Input to the circuit could also be unregulated
dc voltage derived from the utility ac offer when
ation and a few filtering. a quick switch device
(‘S’), sort of a MOSFET, is employed with quick
dynamic management over switch duty quantitative
relation (ratio of ON time to switch time-period) to take
care of the required output voltage. The electrical
, is employed for voltage isolation in
addition as for higher matching between input and
output voltage and current necessities.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
1095
Figure 2. Fly back Converter
Primary and secondary windings of the
transformer are wound to have good coupling so that
they are linked by nearly same magnetic flux. The
primary and secondary windings of the fly-back
transformer don’t carry current simultaneously and in
this sense fly-back transformer works differently from a
normal transformer. The primary and secondary
windings of the fly-back transformer don’t conduct
simultaneously they are more like two magnetically
coupled inductors and it may be more appropriate to
call the fly-back transformer as inductor-transformer.
Accordingly the magnetic circuit design of a fly-back
transformer is done like that for an inductor. The output
section of the fly-back transformer, which consists of
voltage rectification and filtering, is considerably
simpler than in most other switched mode power
supply circuits. The secondary winding voltage is
rectified and filtered using just a diode and a capacitor.
Voltage across this filter capacitor is the SMPS output
voltage.
Primary and secondary windings of the electrical
device square measure wound to possess sensible
coupling so they're joined by nearly same magnetic
flux. the first and secondary windings of the fly-back
electrical device don’t carry current at the same time
and during this sense fly-back electrical device works
otherwise from a traditional electrical device. the first
and secondary windings of the fly-back electrical
device don’t conduct at the same time they're a lot of
like 2 magnetically coupled inductors and it should be a
lot of applicable to decision the fly-back electrical
device as inductor-transformer. consequently the
magnetic circuit style of a fly-back electrical device is
finished like that for Associate in Nursing electrical
device. The output section of the fly-back electrical
device, that consists of voltage rectification and
filtering, is significantly less complicated than in most
alternative switched mode power offer circuits. The
secondary coil voltage is corrected and filtered
mistreatment simply a diode and a capacitance. Voltage
across this filter capacitance is that the SMPS output
voltage.
Figure 3 shows the present carrying a part of the
circuit. within the equivalent circuit shown, the
conducting switch or diode is taken as a shorted switch
and also the device that's not conducting is taken as
Associate in Nursing open switch. This illustration of
switch is in line with our assumption wherever the
switches and diodes square measure assumed to possess
ideal nature, having zero fall throughout physical
phenomenon and 0 outpouring current throughout off
state.
Figure 3. Mode 1 Equivalent Circuit
When switch ‘S’ is turned off when conducting
for a few time. the first winding current path is broken
and in step with laws of magnetic induction, the voltage
polarities across the windings reverse. Reversal of
voltage polarities makes the diode within the secondary
circuit forward biased. The secondary coil current
charges the output capacitance. The output capacitance
is sometimes sufficiently massive specified its voltage
doesn’t modification appreciably in an exceedingly
single switch cycle however over a amount of many
cycles the capacitance voltage builds up to its steady
state worth.
The secondary coil, whereas charging the output
capacitance (and feeding the load), starts transferring
energy from the magnetic flux of the fly back electrical
device to the facility offer output in electrical kind. If
the off amount of the switch is unbroken massive, the
secondary current gets enough time to decay to zero
and magnetic flux energy is totally transferred to the
output capacitance and load.
Figure 4. Mode 2 Equivalent Circuit
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
1096
Mode-3 ends with activate of switch ‘S’ then the
circuit once more goes to Mode-1 and also the
sequence repeats. the 2 windings of the fly-back
electrical device don’t conduct at the same time {they
square measure|they're} still coupled magnetically
(linking a similar flux) and therefore the elicited
voltages across the windings are proportional to their
range of turns.
Figure 5. Mode 3 Equivalent Circuit
3.2 Ripple Cancellation Network
The transformation stage consists of an identical
network, a electrical device, and an RCN. The
matching network composed of Lrp and CRP acts as a
filter and provides a voltage gain , therefore reducing
the electrical device turns quantitative relation demand.
One issue with high-turns-ratio change of magnitude
electrical devices that exists in several topologies is that
the parasitic outpouring inductance of the transformer
will undesirably ring with its secondary facet winding
capacitance at the switch transitions. This creates
massive ringing within the current and voltage
waveforms, and high-frequency losses. The matching
network conjointly eliminates this ringing by
interesting the electrical device parasitics. The 1:N
electrical device provides extra voltage gain and
isolation. The RCN (composed of Ls and metal ) could
be a special single input, multi output matching
network that has fascinating electrical resistance
management characteristics .
One of the branches of the RCN comprises a
blocking capacitor CDC and an RCN inductor Ls . The
other branch comprises a series LC tank tuned to be net
capacitive at the switching frequency (net equivalent
capacitance Cs ). This branch may be modeled as a
series resonant tank (with components Lr and Cr )
tuned to the switching frequency for filtering, in series
with an additional RCN capacitance Cs . Since the
series LC tank appears as a short circuit at the
switching frequency, it is treated as such in Figure 4
and in the following analysis. Similarly, the dc
blocking capacitor CDC of Figure 5 is an effective
short at the high switching frequency. Hence, at the
switching frequency the input impedance of the RCN
looks purely resistive.
The use of the RCN reduces the modification in
electrical resistance seen by the electrical converter
because the effective rectifier resistance (RL ) changes
because of variations in output voltage and output
power . This compression result are often seen in
Figure 6, that shows that the RCN input electrical
resistance (ZRCN) varies solely by 25%, whereas the
effective rectifier resistance varies by 400%. This helps
attain ZVS and near-ZCS of the electrical converter
switches across a large vary of output and input
voltages. The RCN conjointly serves to limit the instant
output power across the complete operative vary by
providing a such as loading characteristic to the
electrical converter. The value of Xs is chosen in such
how therefore on limit the output power to the utmost
value needed across the vary of output voltages at the
minimum input voltage. Since the facility delivery
capability of the convertor will increase with input
voltage, this ensures that the convertor will deliver the
utmost needed power across its entire input voltage
vary.
3.2.1 3.3 Efficiency Calculations
A power converter’s efficiency is determined by
comparing its input power to its output power. More
precisely, the efficiency of the converter is calculated
by dividing the output power (Pout) by its input power
(Pin). The Greek symbol Eta “η” is usually used to
represent “Efficiency.”
η = Pout / Pin
Input Power, Pin = Vin. Iin
Output Power, Pout = Vout. Iout
Since all power converters have inherent
conversion losses, the output power is always less than
the input power. When the efficiency (η) and output
power (Pout) is known, the end-user can determine how
much input power (Pin) will be required and how much
power will be wasted (Pwaste) and converted to heat
energy under full load conditions.
4. Simulation Results
The DC input is given to the input filter. It removes the
input ripples & given to the flyback convertor. it's wont
to boost the voltage level and given to the RCN
Network. It is wont to regulate the voltage with the
assistance of close to ZCS & ZVS Condition. The
Voltage mensuration block measures the instant voltage
between 2 electrical nodes in input & output. The
output provides a Simulink signal which will be
utilized by alternative Simulink blocks. The output of
the system are often viewed through the scope.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
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Figure 6. Simulation Block diagram
4.1 Parameter Analysis of proposed system in
Matlab
4.1.1 DC Voltage Source
The DC Voltage Source block implements an ideal DC
voltage source. The positive terminal is represented by
a plus sign on one port. You can modify the voltage at
any time during the simulation.
The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Field-Effect-
Transistor (MOSFET) could be a conductor governable
by the gate signal (g > 0) if its current Id is positive
(Id>0). The MOSFET device is connected in parallel
with an enclosed diode that activates once the
MOSFET device is reverse biased (Vds < 0). The
model is simulated as a series combination of a
resistance (Rt) and electrical device (Lon) serial with a
switch controlled by a logical signal (G>0 or g=0).
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
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Figure 7.
The MOSFET device turns on when the drain
source voltage is positive and a positive signal is
applied at the gate input (g >0).
With a positive current flowing through the
device, the MOSFET turns off when the gate input
becomes zero. If the current Id is negative (Id flowing
in the internal diode) and without a gate signal (g = 0),
the MOSFET turns off when the current Id becomes
zero (Id = 0).
Note that the on-state resistance Rt depends on
the drain current direction:
• Rt= Ron if Id > 0, where Ron represents the
typical value of the forward conducting resistance of
the MOSFET device.
• Rt= Rd if Id < 0, where Rd represents the
internal diode resistance
The MOSFET also contains a series Rs
snubber block circuit that can be connected in parallel
with the MOSFET.
Figure 8. Graph between Id & Vds
The diode could be a conductor that's controlled
by its own voltage Vak and current Iak. once a diode is
forward biased (Vak > 0), it starts to conduct with atiny
Figure 7. MOSFET Switch & its configuration
The MOSFET device turns on when the drain-
source voltage is positive and a positive signal is
positive current flowing through the
device, the MOSFET turns off when the gate input
becomes zero. If the current Id is negative (Id flowing
in the internal diode) and without a gate signal (g = 0),
the MOSFET turns off when the current Id becomes
state resistance Rt depends on
if Id > 0, where Ron represents the
typical value of the forward conducting resistance of
if Id < 0, where Rd represents the
The MOSFET also contains a series Rs-Cs
snubber block circuit that can be connected in parallel
Graph between Id & Vds
The diode could be a conductor that's controlled
by its own voltage Vak and current Iak. once a diode is
forward biased (Vak > 0), it starts to conduct with atiny
low forward voltage Vf across it. It turns off once the
present flow into the device becomes
diode is reverse biased (Vak < 0), it stays within the off
state. The Diode block conjointly contains a series Rs
Cs snubber circuit which will be connected in parallel
with the diode device (between nodes A and K).The
Series RLC Branch block implements one electrical
device, inductor, or capacitance, or a series
combination of those. Use the Branch kind parameter to
pick out parts you wish to incorporate within the
branch. If you eliminate either the resistance,
inductance, or capacitance of the branch, the R, L, and
C values square measure mechanically set severally to
zero, 0, and time (inf) and also the corresponding
parameters not seem within the block window. solely
existing parts square measure displayed within the
block icon. Negative values square measure allowed for
resistance, inductance, and capacitance.
4.1.2 Branch type
Select the elements you want to include in the branch.
The R letter defines the resistor, the L letter defines the
inductor, and the C letter defines the
Open circuit to define an open circuit (R=0, L=0,
C=inf).
The Pulse Generator block generates square wave
pulses at regular intervals. The block's waveform
parameters are Amplitude, Pulse Width, Period, and
Phase delay, determine the shap
waveform. The following diagram shows how each
parameter affects the waveform.
Generator will emit scalar, vector, or matrix
signals of any real knowledge kind. To cause the block
to emit a scalar signal, use scalars to specify the wave
parameters. To cause the block to emit a vector or
matrix signal, use vectors or matrices, severally, to
specify the wave parameters.
low forward voltage Vf across it. It turns off once the
present flow into the device becomes zero. once the
diode is reverse biased (Vak < 0), it stays within the off
state. The Diode block conjointly contains a series Rs-
Cs snubber circuit which will be connected in parallel
with the diode device (between nodes A and K).The
k implements one electrical
device, inductor, or capacitance, or a series
combination of those. Use the Branch kind parameter to
pick out parts you wish to incorporate within the
branch. If you eliminate either the resistance,
the branch, the R, L, and
C values square measure mechanically set severally to
zero, 0, and time (inf) and also the corresponding
parameters not seem within the block window. solely
existing parts square measure displayed within the
values square measure allowed for
resistance, inductance, and capacitance.
Select the elements you want to include in the branch.
The R letter defines the resistor, the L letter defines the
inductor, and the C letter defines the capacitor. Select
Open circuit to define an open circuit (R=0, L=0,
The Pulse Generator block generates square wave
pulses at regular intervals. The block's waveform
parameters are Amplitude, Pulse Width, Period, and
Phase delay, determine the shape of the output
waveform. The following diagram shows how each
Generator will emit scalar, vector, or matrix
signals of any real knowledge kind. To cause the block
to emit a scalar signal, use scalars to specify the wave
rameters. To cause the block to emit a vector or
matrix signal, use vectors or matrices, severally, to
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
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Use the pulse kind parameter to specify whether
or not the block's output is time-based or sample-based.
If you decide on sample-based, the block computes its
outputs at mounted intervals that you simply specify. If
you decide on time-based, Simulink® software system
computes the block's outputs solely every now and then
once the output really changes. This selection may
result in fewer computations for computing the block's
output over the simulation fundamental measure.
Simulink software system cannot use a fixed-step
problem solver to calculate the output of a time-based
generator. If you specify a fixed-step problem solver
for models that contain time-based pulse generators,
Simulink software system computes a set sample time
for the time-based pulse generators. Then the time-
based pulse generators simulate as sample-based.
If you decide on time-based because the block's
pulse kind, you want to specify the pulse's part delay
and amount in units of seconds. If you specify sample-
based, you want to specify the block's sample time in
seconds, mistreatment the Sample time parameter, then
specify the block's part delay and amount as whole
number multiples of the sample time.
The Voltage Measurement block measures the
instantaneous voltage between two electric nodes. The
output provides a Simulink® signal that can be used by
other Simulink blocks. The Current Measurement block
is used to measure the instantaneous current flowing in
any electrical block or connection line. The Simulink®
output provides a Simulink signal that can be used by
other Simulink blocks.
4.1.3 PID
The closed-loop system PID controller is provided to
realize the required output voltage. A proportional–
integral–derivative controller (PID controller) could be
a generic control loop feedback mechanism wide
utilized in industrial control systems. A PID is that the
most ordinarily used feedback controller.
A PID controller calculates Associate in Nursing
"error" worth because the distinction between a
measured method variable and a desired point. The
controller makes an attempt to reduce the error by
adjusting the method control inputs.
The PID controller calculation involves three
separate constant parameters, and is consequently
typically known as three-term control: the proportional,
the integral and by-product values P depends on this
error, I on the buildup of past errors, and D could be a
prediction of future errors, supported current rate of
modification. The weighted total of those three actions
is employed to regulate the method via a bearing
component like the position of a bearing valve, or the
facility provided to a constituent.
The Scope block displays inputs signals with
relation to simulation time. If a Scope window is closed
at the beginning of a simulation, scope knowledge
remains written to the connected Scope. As a result, if
you open a Scope when a simulation, the Scope
window displays the input or signals.
4.2 Simulation Waveforms
The12v is given as input voltage in this project
Figure 9. Input Voltage waveform
The input current measured it as 16.89A
Figure 10. Input Current waveform
The switch frequency is generated for the switch
is 24Khz.The switch five hundredth ON and five
hundredth OFF time is employed during this flyback
convertor. thanks to the effective on/off time is that the
switch, the stress are reduced and also the oveall
potency of the system is improved.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
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Figure 11. Gate pulse waveform
Output voltage is 423V
Figure 12. Output Voltage waveform
The output current measured it as 0.85A
Figure 13. Output Current waveform
Table 1. Comparison of existing and proposed systems
Parameters
Existing System
Proposed
System
Required
Components
more less
No. of Switches used 4 1
Switching Frequency High frequency High
frequency
Efficiency 93% 97%
Output Voltage 110 120
Switching losses High Low
Switching stresses High Low
Cost High Low
5. Conclusion
The fly back converter primarily based RCN Network
is proposed. It reduces the quantity of switches and
losses within the existing system and also the projected
convertor achieves terribly high potency by
maintaining ZVS and near-ZCS over a large input
voltage, output voltage, and power vary. This style will
meet the high potency demand with an easy structure
and also the voltage regulation is nice. The simulation
is finished with the assistance of MATLAB Simulink
software system. Compared with existing system the
potency is improved upto 97.35%.
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