=interactions organisms&environment ecology = study of interactions between organisms &...
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Ecology == study of interactionsinteractions between organismsorganisms && their environmentenvironment
http://www.ecology.info/images/rhinos.jpg
speciesspecies
populationpopulation
communitycommunity
ecosystemecosystem
biospherebiosphere
ECOLOGICAL TERMSECOLOGICAL TERMS
Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity == the maximummaximum sizesize of a populationpopulation that can still be
supported by the environmentenvironmenthttp://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_bucket.gifhttp://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_chart.gif
An ecological nicheniche includes::http://www.shenet.org/high/hsacaddept/science/mkilmartin/mkimages/bluejay.gif
HabitatHabitatNutritionNutritionCompetitionCompetitionReproductionReproductionBehaviorBehavior
EVERYTHINGEVERYTHING about the organism……
AutotrophsAutotrophs synthesize their own glucoseglucose ((food))
COCO22 + HH22OO + energyenergy (lightlight) CC66HH1212OO66 + OO22
http://www.ap.stmarys.ca/~ishort/Images/Earth/Atmos/photosynthesis.jpg
Energy FlowEnergy Flow in an EcosystemEcosystemhttp://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/ch54/5401.jpg
FOOD FOOD CHAINSCHAINS
HerbivoresHerbivores,, CarnivoresCarnivores && OmnivoresOmnivoreshttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/Bison1.jpg
http://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/sci_images/forest1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/grizzly_fish.jpg
PRIMARY PRIMARY CONSUMERSCONSUMERS
PRODUCERSPRODUCERS
SECONDARY SECONDARY CONSUMERSCONSUMERS ENERGY ENERGY
PYRAMIDPYRAMIDSECONDARY SECONDARY CONSUMERSCONSUMERS
BacteriaBacteria && FungiFungi are the major decomposersdecomposers ((organisms of decay))
http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/basic_components_of_life.htmhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/basidio/mushroomsi.gif
Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationshipshttp://eebweb.arizona.edu/Animal_Behavior/lycaenids/lycaen2.htm
MutualismMutualism: Both species benefitExample: In pollination mutualisms, the pollinator gets food (pollen, nectar) and the plant has its pollen transferred to other flowers for cross-fertilization (reproduction).
ParasitismParasitism: One species benefits; the other is harmedExample: Tick gains benefit by sucking blood; hosthost is harmed by losing blood.
CommensalismCommensalism: One species benefits; the other is unaffectedExample: Mammal dung provides food and shelter to dung beetles. The beetles have no effect on the mammals.
http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/tick.gif
((PrimaryPrimary) Ecological Succession) Ecological Successionhttp://owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/eco/Note/Image694.gif
SecondarySecondary Ecological Succession Ecological Successionhttp://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm
Originally, this farm field was a deep forestforest filled with towering beechbeech and maple treesmaple trees.
Stage 1. Over time the forest was cleared for farmingfarming, bringing about major changes to the kinds of plants and wildlife that could live here.
Stage 2. After several years of farming, this field was abandoned. For the next few years, annual weeds, grassesgrasses, wildflowers, and other plants invaded the bare soil, creating habitat for mice, meadowlarks, and other open-field wildlife.
SecondarySecondary Ecological Succession Ecological Successionhttp://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm
Stage 3. Eventually, shrubsshrubs and small treessmall trees seeded into the field. As these new plants grew, their leaves and outstretched branches shaded out the smaller plants below, creating a different kind of habitat. Chipmunks and robins were among the animals attracted to this new habitat.
Stage 4. Over time, oakoak and hickory treeshickory trees grew tall and shaded out most of the shrubs, creating forest habitat once again. Squirrels and wild turkey replaced chipmunks and robins. Beech and maple seedlings grew much faster in the shade, and soon stretched above the others. As the original oak and hickory trees died and fell, the spaces they left in the forest canopy were filled by beeches and maples growing up from below.
Stage 5. More than 200 years after this forest was first cleared for farming, it returned to beech-maplebeech-maple forestforest again through the process of successionsuccession. For this location, beech-maple forest is the “climax communityclimax community” - the association of plants and animals that will remain stable until disturbed by an outside force - such as fire, wind, disease, or human activity.
BIOBIODIVERSDIVERSITYITYhttp://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/Biodiversity/biodiversity/Biodiversity.gif
““BiodiversityBiodiversity, the planet’s most valuable resource, is on loan to us from our children.””
------ Dr. Edward O. WilsonDr. Edward O. Wilson
www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html
RReduce,educe, R Reuse,euse, R Recycleecyclehttp://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=aahe0g&s=3
Oklahoma Dust Bowls Oklahoma Dust Bowls ((1930s1930s))http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=79961&rendTypeId=4
Japanese BeetlesJapanese Beetleshttp://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/files/images/japanese-beetle-soybean.jpg
Gypsy Moth Gypsy Moth Life CycleLife Cyclehttp://www.clintoncountypa.com/Gypsy%20Moth%20Website/gypsy%20moth_files/image003.jpg
Nuclear PowerNuclear Powerhttp://photoblog.dralzheimer.stylesyndication.de/photo/Nuclear%20Power%20Plant%20Cattenom
What does the What does the datadata below indicate below indicate??http://www.crcwater.org/onalaska/datainterp.html
Biological MagnificationBiological Magnificationhttp://www.cfkeep.org/html/phpThumb.php?src=/uploads/5425ddtinfoodchainl.jpg&aoe=1&w=
We are protected by ozone (We are protected by ozone (OO33))http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/img/atmosphere-couche.jpg
OzoneOzone ((OO33)) DepletionDepletionhttp://ozone.gi.alaska.edu/images/uv_abc.gif
http://www.cec.org/ods/images/prn_cecods_ozonedepletion_e.png
Human HealthHuman Health: Damages DNADNA which suppresses immune systemimmune system resulting in increase of infectious diseases, Skin cancercancer, Eye cataracts
Plants & TreesPlants & Trees: Reduces crop production, damage to seeds; Reduces quality of crops
Aquatic EcosystemsAquatic Ecosystems: Damage to plankton, aquatic plants, fish larvae, shrimp, crabs; Affects marine food chain, damage to fisheries result
MaterialsMaterials: Paints, rubber, wood and plastic are degraded faster, especially in tropical regions
Compound Compound LightLight Microscope Microscopehttp://www.tissue-cell-culture.com/images/products/related/microscopes/1200cm_mscope.gif
Wet-Mount Wet-Mount && Staining Techniques Staining Techniqueshttp://www.sep.alquds.edu/biology/scripts/Biology_english/part_1_1_files/image004.jpg
http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/lelab/microscopeuselab_files/image004.jpg
Gel ElectrophoresisGel Electrophoresishttp://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc471/pages/Lecture2/AMG1.12.gif
CHROMATOGRAPHYCHROMATOGRAPHYhttp://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_ideas/Chem_img006.gif
http://www.ndpteachers.org/perit/chromatography2.gif
CENTRIFUGATIONCENTRIFUGATIONhttp://www.djblabcare.co.uk/djb/data/image/14/0/hettich_eba20_portable_centrifuge.jpeg