Interactions How organisms affect one another and their

environment

Different Species Interactions

•Competition•Predation•Symbiosis

Predation

• This is when a predator organism feeds on another living organism known as prey.

Different Species Competition

• Competition is when two or more different species are competing for the same resources in the same area.

Symbiosis

• This is a relationship between two species where at least one of the two species is benefitting from the relationship.

• There are three main types of symbiosis:

•Mutualism•Commensalism•Parasitism

Mutualism

• This is a symbiotic relationship where both species benefit from the other.

• Oxpecker and Warthog

Commensalism

• One species needs a function provided by the other; The other is neither harmed nor helped

• Remora and Shark

Parasitism

• One species benefits at the expense of another species.

• The host is directly harmed by the presence of the parasite.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuHGdv4ZLjA

Same Species Interactions

• Includes individual behaviors vs. group behaviors• Cooperative• Competition

Same Species Competition• Organisms in the same

species are competing for resources; therefore, they must find enough space to survive (food)

• Must be able to maintain their territory

Individual Competition

• Most animals have courtship rituals that they undergo to attract mates. The females can be selective and so they mate, thus passing on, the genes of the most successful of the suitors

Cooperative Behaviors

• Many animals will live in packs or herds

• These groupings allow them to protect more territory from invaders, hunt more efficiently, or protect themselves from predators

Individual vs. Group

Individual Behaviors Group Behaviors

Carrying Capacity

• Ecosystems can only support so many individuals and if this amount is exceeded then the resources will be depleted

Snowshoe Hare and Lynx

Hare-Lynx competition• How are they undergoing

competition?• Where is their carrying capacity?• How do they limit each other?

Do Humans Have a Carrying Capacity?