INPUT & OUTPUT

By Deepak Singhal

WHAT IS INPUT? Any data or instructions used by a

computer Input devices

Hardware Keyboards Pointing devices Scanners Other devices

Translates data into a form that the system unit can process

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WHAT IS OUTPUT? Processed data or information Types of output

Text Graphics Audio & video

Output devices Monitors Printers Other Devices

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ROBOT SENSORS Why do Robots Need Sensors?

Makes robots “interesting” Gives the robot capability to goal-seek Protection & Self-Preservation Allows interaction with environment

WHAT SENSORS ARE OUT THERE? Photoelectric (Visible) Infrared (light) Ultrasonic (sound) Color Sensors GPS (location)

BAR-CODING Why use barcodes?

As far back as the 1960s, barcodes were used in industrial work environments. Some of the early implementations of barcodes included the ability identify rail road cars.

In the early 1970s, common barcodes started appearing on grocery shelves. To automate the process of identifying grocery items, UPC barcodes were placed on products.

Today, barcodes are just about everywhere and are used for identification in almost all types of business

READING BARCODES One of the most common tools for reading

barcodes is the hand held barcode scanner. All of the barcode scanner recommended and sold by ID Automation have built-in decoders that can read several different bar code types.

Most of the scanner sold by ID Automation receive their power from the PC keyboard or USB port so no external power supply is required. When a barcode is scanned, the data is sent to the PC as if it was typed using a keyboard.

BASIC STEPS

BMCA HARDWARE: Pharmacy Scanner Multiple computers Keyboard Mouse Portable scanner

INFORMATION SYSTEMS:System Elements Definitions BMCA Examples

Input Data and information entered into a computer system

Scanned orders, entered orders, scanned barcodes

Process Action of transforming input into output

Pharmacy and nurses verifying orders in the system throughout the process

Output Changes that exit a system and that can activate or modify processing

After scan, software verifies that the medication is correct according to the 5 rights of administration so the medication can be given

Feedback Information from the system that is used to make modifications in the input, processing actions, or outputs

Pharmacy message option, medication error forms

Control Regulates: input via checks, process by completing the operations & detecting errors, and output by ensuring conformity

Pharmacy allergy checks, scanning alerts when wrong medication scanned, wrong time, etc.

WHAT IS RFID? RFID is an ADC technology that uses radio-

frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track...

RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item

RFID OPERATIONS

ARE ALL TAGS THE SAME?

Variations:Memory

Size (16 bits - 512 Kbytes +) Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam

Arbitration (Anti-collision) Ability to read/write one or

many tags at a timeFrequency

125KHz - 5.8 GHzPhysical Dimensions

Thumbnail to Brick sizes Price ($0.50 to $250)

PORTAL APPLICATIONS

Bill of LadingMaterial Tracking

LABELSHIP TO: SHIP FROM:

COMMANDING OFFICER DDSP SUSQUEHANNA, PA 15230

CHEMICAL SUPPLIER CHEMICAL COMPANY INSTITUTE, WV 23456

TCN:

NSN:

CAGE:

MSDS #:

GTIN:

HCC:

AHRIST DATA:

AWHGEAA$0F00090XX

5310011987585

AWHGE 00098756100013CHEM WT:

ABCDE 10000A1

HAZMAT SMART LABEL

Low power > long range 1024 bit memory Read/write/lock on 8 bits Advanced protocol

Efficient multi-id Lock data permanently 12 ms/8 byte read 25ms/byte write Group select Broadcast write 40 tags/second Anti-collision

LADS, DADS, & GRANDDADS

HOW DOES A TOUCH SCREEN WORK? 

A basic touch screen has three main components:1 Touch sensor;2 Controller; 3 Software driver.The touch screen is an input device, so it needs to be combined with a display and a PC or other device to make a complete touch input system.

TOUCH SCREEN Structure

Resistive touch screens consist of a glass or acrylic panel that is coated with electrically conductive and resistive layers made with indium tin oxide (ITO) .The thin layers are separated by invisible spacers.

THANK YOU!