innovative extension approaches in india
TRANSCRIPT
Credit seminar on
Innovative extension approaches in India for effective outreach
Alok kumar Sahoo Roll-20509 M.Sc 1st year
Division of Agri. Extension, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi
Extension and advisory services in India: Current status
O Extension in today’s Indian context -public, private, PPP, NGO and community based
O 60 percent of farmer households did not access any information on modern technology that year (NSSO,2005)
O 59% of the farm households received no assistance from either government or private extension services. (NSSO, 2014)
O of the 40.6% households who received extension assistance, only 11% of the services came from physical government machinery- extension agents, KVKs and SAUs.
(NSSO, 2014)
59%
11%
20%19.6%
7.4%
Source of Information1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr 5th Qtr
1st Qtr- Non-receiving2nd Qtr- State dept+KVK+SAUs3rd Qtr- Progressive farmers4th Qtr- Media5th Qtr- Private commercial agencies
(NSSO, 2014)
Spectrum of Extension and Advisory Services
Public sector MAIN extension arm in India
State Dept. of Ag • Staff numbers low; weak research link; top-down,
linear• Perform non-extension duties & implement
schemes
ICAR – Krishi Vigyan Kendra• Present in all districts, multi-disciplinary
team• Linear; staff low; partnerships/linkage rare;
local coverageICAR –State Agricultural University• Lab to land, frontline extension in few
adopted villages • Weak partnerships and links in ICAR and also
with Dept. of Ag
Private and voluntary sector initiatives
Input agencies (dealing with seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment),
Agri-business firms ( manufacture and sale of inputs and farm produce
Farmer organisations and producer co-operatives,
NGOs
Media (print, radio and television) and web based knowledge providers ,
Financial agencies involved in rural credit delivery
Consultancy services
Challenges of Public extensionO Public sector technology generation often fails to take into
account farmers’ needs, perceptions and location-specific conditions for agricultural extension, leading to significant gaps between the public sector institutions and farmers.(Sulaiman et al)
O Research-extension farmer linkages are absent or weak O Duplications of efforts among a multiplicity of agents
attending to extension work without adequate coordination.O Difficulty in attributing impactO High transaction costs and weak accountability to farmersO In India extension workers to farmers ratio (1:5000)
(Ragasa et al., 2013), O Multiple role of extension agency, no motivation for
promotion
How to overcome
?
Need of the Hour Alternate extension approach OR Innovative extension approach
Why do we need innovative extension?
Changing demands on extension..O better linking of farmers to input and output
marketsO reducing the vulnerability and enhancing the
voice of the rural poorO development of micro-enterprisesO poverty reduction and environmental
conservationO strengthening and support of farmer organizations
From Extension to Extension-plus
From Extension to Extension-plus
Innovative extension approaches
O NGO-Vrutti
O Charitable trust-Swami Samartha
O KVK-Kannur
O NDDB
O Farmers group: Whatsapp
(
O Enhancing people’s well being through knowledge, innovation and transformative actions.
To bring about solutions at a scale that eliminate inequities and marginalization, and create wealth for the marginalized.
O To establish a center for excellence for livelihood promotion & quality life of disadvantaged group
O Promoting livelihoods of communities with development partners; towards developing effective strategies, processes, support systems; through participatory action research, management services and sector level support
Mission
Vision
Passion
Estb. In 2002 in MP under SRA 1960 & FCRA, GoI)
Various RolesO Farmer's Producer Organization
O Agriculture Enterprise Facilitation Centre
O KNH Community Farm
O Adaptation to Climate Change in Rural Areas of India
O National Rural Livelihoods Mission
O Poverty Reduction Through Sustainable Agriculture
O Revitalization of Rain-fed Agriculture
O Small Grant Facility
Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) for last 4 years
O 45 FPOs - 25 under direct implementation 20 in partnership with other NGOsO Building and Sustaining FPOs supported by SFAC, GoI. and respective state govt. dept. of agriculture, NABARD, DFID,UK, World Bank To address the issues of investments, lack of markets, and technology for small farmers.O Ensure appropriate systems and support to ensure
compliance with statutory authorities, donors, banking and internal governance systems
O Ensure access to and usage of quality inputs and services and fair & remunerative markets including linking producer groups to marketing opportunities by market aggregators.
Objective
O Facilitation of FPOs registration & documentation like - TIN,VAT,PAN,APMC Mandi license, Fertilizer license, Pesticide and seed licenses
O Strengthening farmer capacity through agricultural best practices among pulse & vegetable farmers group in Karnatak,AP,CG
O Integrated Action Research for Innovative Models
Meaningful Engagement for Enabling Policies
stra
tegy
Agriculture
Enterprise Facilitation
Center O Agriculture is dealt with as a Social Enterprise for small
holders farmers.O 70 to 90 % of the livelihoods from the agriculture in
Tribal villages in MPO AEFC is revitalizing Agriculture Extension System,
especially in tribal areas where reach of agriculture services and extension is extremely poor.
O Economic enterprise (beyond subsistence)O AEFC's services were found necessary to develop a
viable method for improving status of production, productivity and input efficiency in tribal areas
O Time bound information and linkage services
AEFC in MP & CGO Objective-To raise the annual income of small
and marginal farmers to 50,000 per acre per annum.
O Strategy-Using various agriculture-based social enterprise models to provide livelihoods for small-holder farmers
Financed by NABARD
World Bank
innovation model
progressive farmer led agriculture extension system
modularized and linked with the
AEFC(run by farmers groups)
Addressing Problems
TDF WADI O Vrutti with 500 WADI tribal families in
Hoshangabad ,MPO Aims to provide sustainable livelihoods through
orchard based integrated farming systems (IFS) development
O Social participatory livelihood programs for economic upliftment through sustainable agriculture, social empowerment, improvement in quality of life including health and women development, in tribal predominant area.
O Developing Tribal market through sensitization, training & capacity building among them.
Under TDF Started by NABARD from
April 2012
O Project purpose is to develop a Community-led Resource Centre for Integrated and Sustainable Farming in Coastal Eco-System in Tamil Nadu.
O Community farm with organic agricultural practices which have demonstration units and commercially viable enterprises
O community outreach mobilization in the localityO Objective- sustainable farming with employment
generation ; knowledge sensitization in the community
Sponshored by Kindernothilfe
(KNH) KNH Community Farm
Partnership with CIKF &
SOFA
Revitalization of Rain-fed Agriculture (RRA)
O RRA in Consortium between Centre for Indian Knowledge System (CIKS) ,Chennai and Vrutti LRC ,Bangaluru
O 70% of the world's poor live in rural areas and are often at the mercy of rainfall-based resources for income.
O India ranks first among the rain-fed agricultural countries (200 million hectare-acres)
O To overcome various issues of discriminative policy environment, low productivity, high cost of cultivation, and gaps across all systems (soil, seeds, water etc.) ;
O RRA is a collaborative effort among State dept. Civil society org.,SAUs,RIs, to demonstrate evidence based, sustainable and scalable models that are appropriate to rainfed farming systems, through a system based approach
O Moving to the 2nd green revolution in the state and the purposes of double the income of farmers in five years to introduce Krushi Mahotsav -2005 in the Gujrat by the State Government as an innovative approach in agriculture.
O During Krishi Mahotsav contact up to village level has been established through a mobile exhibition called "Krishi Rath” that visited every village.
O Advising and assisting individual farmer, distribution of free input kits to resource poor farmers in has been made.
O Community based programs like water conservationO Active involvement of NGOs, progressive farmers and cooperatives
and private institution
O Krushi Mahotsav held according to District panchayat seat wise (Cluster base)
O The officers and Scientists of Agriculture visit in decided villages of District panchayat by the medium of Krushi Rath
O Different programs Animal vaccination, Artificial insemination as well as provided knowledge of Agriculture and its related field.
O Benefits-Agriculture Scientists and officers are provided guidance to farmers about Scientific farming, Organic farming, Farm mechanization, Micro Irrigation, Crop Value addition and Agriculture related information as well as provided knowledge of Government Scheme.
O .
Krishi Mahotsav in Maharastra by Shree Swami Samarth Agriculture & Research
Charitable Trust DindoriO Dindori Pranit SevaMarg from so many years through its
Agriculture Department solves various problems faced by farmers, organic farming, conventional farming, livestock management, self employment, advance farming and also provide free guidance on personal problems faced by farmers regarding the loans, alcohol addiction, suicide prone attitude etc.
O Agriculture experts provide direct free guidance to the farmers by visiting their farmers, facilitating organic farming by certification, business techniques in co-operation encouraged with practical support.
O A laboratory setup at Dindori to examine the soil and water contains for accurate knowledge of land quality and basic information for cropping.
O Seed Banks, free moving cow shades, organic Bio gas plants are also been setup here.
O An E-Library (free of cost) for technical information through audio video techniques on computers, tablets, laptops.
O Seva Marg has also established India’s first food-grain brand named “Dindori Pranit Righteous Food-grains” under which farmers can sell their products directly to the consumers.
O This helps them to get good profit and also the consumer is benefitted with quality food products.
Samarth Agro World Agricultural Exhibition 2013
O In order to make the farmers self-dependent and self-content, All India Shree Swami Samarth Gurupeeth and Shree Swami Samarth Agriculture Development and Research Charitable Trust organized Shree Swami Samarth Yatra Utsav, Bhumi Pujan ceremony from 11th April to 13th April 2013.
O In this exhibition, farmers got immense information at free of cost through various advance techniques in farming, Research and development of herbs, group farming methods
O One Cow-One Family projects, zero-budget farming, free moving cattle shades, technical knowledge etc.
Multidisciplinary actions strengthening Extension: KVK Kannur(Estd. In 2004 at the Pepper Research Station, Panniyur.)
SHG to Micro processing unit by continuous motivation Refining Technologies (in Lab scale or Large scale) Incubation center for Branding product Linking entrepreneur to sources of support Hassle free credit through SBI-KVK loan Window KVK-mall to convey the message: “You Can” to entrepreneur Farmer’s Mall for linking entrepreneurs to market FRESH (Farming & Rural Employment for Social Harmony) Mini-Bioparks Dar.M.J. Joseph Farmers' Science Museum
Innovations in Agricultural Extension
by Kannur KVK CAGA (Compact Area Group Approach ) Developed and field tested – a new farmer participatory extension
approach
CAGA promotes and sustains group action in a contiguous area for durable adoption of technologies
CAGA is included in the organic farming policy of government of Kerala.
Creative Extension aimed at bringing about behavioral modification through message
transfer in art form such as songs, tele-film, video with songs etc.
Farmers' Science Congress
Farmer scientist innovations present before audience consisting of a cross section of researchers, extensionists, farmers and administrators
The best of best farmer scientist was conferred with a knighthood, ‘Dar’. Dar, like Sir, is a non-hereditary honorific title conferred to the farmer scientist.
Paddy Task Force Fully disciplined professional team of paddy workers PTF with in-depth knowledge & skill in scientific mechanized
paddy production 16 unemployed youth/farm women less than 45 age selected
in consultation with Local Self Govt.
Field training on mechanized paddy cultivation in 5 hectares of leased land
Maintenance of farm machineries supplied by KVK staff with ownership based on MoU with KVK.
PTF was also trained on group dynamics and leadership to enhance their self esteem and interpersonal competence.
After the training this group was assisted to form a registered society under Kerala Charitable Societies Act
Federation of Farmers' Clubs KVK, Kannur under KAU in partnership with
NABARD has brought together 80 farmers' clubs as a federation with the objective of accelerating agricultural growth through farmer-led research, extension, training, processing and marketing
A team of “KVK- led Expert Emeritus Faculty (KEEF)”, who have the aptitude and willingness to work in association with the KVK and the Farmers' Clubs is also being constituted.
The technology will flow from KVK to the four directorates, KEEF , clubs and to other farmers of the area through diverse extension channel
KVK-led Emeritus Faculty-Farmers Club combination will not only enable effective and wider technology dissemination but also technology development and application
Facilitate to and fro flow between farmers and KVK
Collective processing and collective marketing under common brand name are also planned under the federation
Latest ICT initiativesO National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)
launched a mobile application (Pashu Poshan) that will recommend a balanced diet for cows and buffaloes to help boost dairy farmers' income by raising milk yield and cutting feed cost.
O Available on both web and android platforms, can be accessed (inaph.nddb.coop).
O Farmer needs to provide complete animal profile, including breed, age, milk production, fat content in milk.
O Already collected profiles of 6 lakh milch animals in 40,000 villages of recommended farmers
O This resulted in reducing the feed cost by Rs 5-15 per day per animal and an average increase in milk production by an average 300 ml per animal per day
WhatsApp group for farming solutionsO Punjab WhatsApp group ‘Young Innovative
Farmers’, was set up by Gurdaspur ADO Dr Amrik Singh on August 15 last year which includes young farmers and agricultural experts.
O Receiving advices on crop health, seed procurement, soil health, use of fertilizers and pesticides etc.
O Farmers upload photographs of their disease-hit crops to seek expert advice.
O Crucial information timelyO Effort to create interest in the field of farming with
young farmers sharing good agricultural practices.
Strategy for futureO Stimulate diverse extension innovation that
responds adaptively to local evolving circumstances
O Recognizing value of innovations evolved locallyO Pilot testing and demonstration of success storyO Timely services, client centric, excellent quality
in competitive pricing for sustainability O Market led extensionO Proper Knowledge database for future referenceO Pluralistic approaches in farmer centric
Conclusion
Strength-O Optimisation of locally available resourcesO Farmer’s innovationO Farmers group approachO Demand driven extension in micro level-
Location or person specificO ICT enabled youth approachO Value addition of locally available resources
Weakness-O Resource constraints for alternative
approachO Shortage of trained skilled personnel O Unaware and uninterested stakeholders
as farmers, staffs, public authorityO Inappropriate Govt. policy O Non-availability of market locally O Lack of confidence of consumer to
product
Threat –O Conflict may arise in group approachO Overlapping of extension services to
same clientsO Change in policy O SustainabilityO Macro level approachO Leaving affiliation in between
Opportunity-O Empowerment of farm women O Capacity development of stakeholders linking
to the market O Raise strong Voice in group approach in making
price policyO Strong Network building for technology &
information sharing among stakeholdersO Micro level analysis and macro level
implementation
