innovation, materialism, fear, and scandal most of all an era of experimentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Innovation, Materialism, Fear, and
Scandal
Most of all an Era of
Experimentation
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• First Presidential Election where women could vote (increased votes cast by 8.2 million)
• Warren G. Harding was elected on “return to normalcy” campaign
• Most famous for three scandals:
- “Ohio Gang” - Teapot Dome Scandal - Mysterious death in S.F at the Palace Hotel in 1923
“Return to Normalcy” is challenged by the legacy of
the Progressive Movement and challenges of the modern world!
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Fear motivated many political actions
• Fear of another World War• Led to isolationism
• Fear of Change• Rise of Nativism (leads to immigration reform)• First Red Scare (leads to Palmer Raids &
Sedition Laws)• Rise in popularity of KKK (leads to increase in
religious and racial persecution)• Debate over role of religion in politics (leads to
Scopes Trial & Prohibition)
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• Mitchell Palmer (U.S. Attorney General) started the “First Red
Scare”
• Laws passed limiting civil liberties
• He deported immigrants during the “Palmer Raids”
• In 1921 & 1924 limits were placed on immigrants from
Italy, Russia, and Slavic nations.
• Fear and discrimination against immigrants & minority
ethnic groups spread throughout the U.S.
Ex: Sacco & Vanzetti Trial
Question: Why would Americans
dislike immigrants?
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• The 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol
• It was hard to enforce & unpopular
• Led to the rise of bootleggers, speakeasies, & the mob
• The 21st Amendment ended Prohibition in 1933
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• Harding’s Vice President
• Became President in 1923 (after Harding’s death)
• Elected in 1924 with slogan “Coolidge or Chaos”
• Republican elected in 1928
• Believed in the individual & a small federal government
Both Coolidge & Hoover focused on the economy
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Industrialization led to new innovations, mass production ,
and the birth of American materialism.
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• Companies focused on inventing & producing consumer goods
Examples: radios, automobiles, icebox, washing machine, vacuum cleaner
• People buying goods using “credit”
• mass production of goods = cheaper products
• increased use of advertisingto sell products
• Car ownership grew 18 million from 1920 to 1930
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Experiments in new style, culture, entertainment, and societal norms
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• Increase in popularity of Civil Rights Organizations (NAACP, ACLU, Anti-Defamation League)
• Women begin to challenge traditional roles & expectations
Questions: 1. Why do you think Civil Rights organizations
would be increasing their popularity in the 1920s?
2. What do you think empowered womento challenge their traditional roles as wives/
mothers?
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• Radio - provides instantaneous access to news, entertainment, and sports
• Sports – increase in popularity and athletesbecome heroes in society
• Movies – first talking movies debut “talkies”
• Cars– increase in availability & affordability of cars creates access to new entertainment opportunities
Question: How might the sense of prosperity impact the
changes with entertainment?
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“The Jazz Age”The new music of the era set the stage for a unique era of cultural
history
• Literature – some of the most famous authors/books/poems written in 1920s
• Harlem Renaissance – African American artistic movement that influenced American culture
• Flapper – new style of fashion that represented the “new woman”
• Dance – new trends & styles of dance challenged tradition
Question: How might a
national culture help change
society?