INNOVATION IN TELECOMMUNICATION

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Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876

Historical marker commemorating the first telephone central office in New York State (1878).

1896 Telephone (Sweden)

A German rotary dial telephone, the W48

History

1667: Robert Hooke invented a string telephone that conveyed sounds over an extended wire by mechanical vibrations.

1844: Innocenzo Manzetti first mooted the idea of a "speaking telegraph" (telephone).

In 1924, public trials STARTED  with telephone connection on trains between Berlin and Hamburg.

Hand-held radio transceivers have been available since the 1940s

The First Mobile Phone Call Was Made 42 Years Ago Today

On April 3, 1973, Motorola EMPLOYEE  Martin Cooper stood in midtown Manhattan and placed a call to the headquarters of Bell Labs jersey.

Evolution of mobile devices from the first commercially available DynaTAC to the smartphones of today:

Generation

Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of enhanced electrical conductors or "wires”.

When the context is clear, the term is often shortened to "wireless"

First generation of wireless telephone technology (mobile telecommunications)

These are the analog telecommunications standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications.

whereas 1G is only modulated to higher frequency, typically 150 MHz.

SECOND GENARETION

GSM is a digital cellular system. It was originated in Finland Europe. However now it is throughout the world.

GSM accounts for 80% of total mobile phone technologies market.

Today in many advanced markets, the general public prefers sending text messages to placing voice calls.

The first machine-generated SMS message was sent in the UK in 1991 but it was not until 1993 when the first person-to-person SMS text message was sent in Finland.

2G modulated to higher frequency 900 MHz

THIRD GENERATION

3G finds APPLICATION  in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet ACCESS, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.

3G telecommunication networks support services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 200 Kbit/s.

The first 3G networks were introduced in 1998.

The latest UMTS release, HSPA+, can provide peak data rates up to 56 Mbit/s in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink.

FOURTH GENERATION (4G) 4G refers to the fourth generation of

cellular wireless standards The expectation for the 4G technology

is basically the high quality audio/video streaming over end to end Internet Protocol

Some of the companies trying 4G communication at 100 Mbps for mobile users and up to 1 Gbps over fixed stations.

They planned on publicly launching their first commercial wireless network around2010

Aircel in July 2014, launched 4G in four circles Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar and Odisha

Bharti Airtel 4G services are available in Kolkata, Bangalore, Pune and Chandigarh region

FIFTH GENERATION (5G)

5G is a name used in some research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the upcoming 4G standards, which are expected to be finalized between approximately 2011 and 2013.

The current trend of 5G technology has a glowing future.