Information Processing

It is a cognitive theoretical

framework that focuses on how

knowledge enters and is stored and

retrieved from our memory

  Name the seven dwarfs…

LEARNINGAn internal

process,not an external

behavior change

Types of

Knowledge

1. GENERAL VS. SPECIFIC

This involves whether the knowledge useful in many tasks, or only in

one

2. DECLARATIVEThis refers to factual

knowledge

3. PROCEDURALThis includes knowledge on how to do things

4. EPISODIC This includes

memories of life events.

5. CONDITIONAL This is about "knowing

when and why" to apply declarative or

procedural strategies

Three Primary Stages in IPT

1. Encoding-Information is sensed, perceived and attended to

2. Storage-The information is stored for either a brief or extended period of time, depending upon the processes following encoding

3. Retrieval-The information is brought back at the appropriate time, and reactivated for use on a current task, the true measure of effective memory

Sensory Register The first step in the IP model, holds all sensory information for a very brief time.

• Capacity: Our mind receives a great amount of information but it is more than what our minds can hold or perceive

• Duration: The sensory register only holds the information for an extremely brief—in the order of 1 to 3 seconds

The Role of Attention

1. To bring information into consciousness, it is necessary that we give attention to it. Such that, we can only perceive and remember later those things that pass through our attention "gate"

2.Getting through this attentional filter is done when the learner is interested in the material; when there is conscious control over attention, or when information involves novelty, surprise, salience, and distinctiveness.

3. Before information is perceived, it is known as "pre categorical" information. This means that until that point, the learner has not established a determination of the categorical membership of the information. To this point, the information is coming in as uninterpreted patterns of stimuli. Once it is perceived, we can categorize, judge, interpret, and place meaning to the stimuli. If we fail to perceive,we have no means by which to recognize that the stimulus was ever encountered.

Short Term Memory (STM or Working Memory)Capacity: 5 to 9

"chunks" of information limited time

Duration: Around 18 seconds or less

Maintenance Rehearsal

Long Term Memory

(LTM)Capacity: Unlimited

Duration: Indefinite

EXECUTIVE CONTROL

PROCESSES

This involve the executive processor or the metacognitive skills

FORGETTING Inability to retrieve or access information when needed

2 Main Ways1. Decay- Information is not attended to, and eventually 'fades' away

2. Interference- New or old information 'blocks' access to the information question

Methods for Increasing Retrieval of Information

• Rehearsal- Repeating information verbatim• Meaningful Learning- Making connections between new information

and prior knowledge• Organization- Making connections among various pieces of

information• Elaboration- Adding additional ideas to new information based on

what one already knows• Visual Imagery- This means forming a "picture" of the information• Generation- Things we 'produce' are easier to remember than things

we 'hear'• Context- Remembering the situation helps recover information• Personalization- Making the information relevant to the individual

Other Memory Methods• Serial Position Effect- You will remember the

beginning and end of 'list' most readily• Part Learning- Break up the 'list' or 'chunk'

information to increase memorization• Distributed Practice- Break up learning sessions,

rather than cramming all the info in at once• Mnemonic Aids- These are memory techniques

that learners may employ to help them retain and retrieve more effectively

THE INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL

Thank YouAngelica v. VILLEGAS

BEED 2-1 DAY

You cannot have a positive

life and a negative mind.-Joyce Meyer