information processing intuition
DESCRIPTION
This is a series of three lectures I give in my introductory Educational Psychology class that explore the nature of "knowing" and "knowledge". We talk about the difference between top down and bottom up processing, schema theory (and the nature of expertise), and on how we might use that term 'intuition' to mean different things.In our course, we use Malcolm Gladwell's (2000) 'blink' as a companion text and analyze cases. I use audience response technology in the class to informally assess students. Questions in these slides were drawn from Anita Woolfolk's Educational Psychology textbook.TRANSCRIPT
EDP 304: Educational PsychologyDr. D., Ms. Horne, & Ms.
Morton
Exploring the nature of
intuitionGet out laptops:Log into MOODLE site:Go to: “Me too! Introduction to Blink”What did you find interesting about the introductory chapter?
WHAT IS
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY?
Educational Psychology is a discipline concerned with the psychology of teaching and learning. Scholars in the field apply methods and theories of psychology in formal (i.e. school) and informal (i.e. home, community, work) settings. As such, the theories from the field represent the core of teachers’ professional knowledge base and concepts from educational psychology compose the language of professional educators.
MISSION TO LEAD AND SERVE
“Being a leader in education means learning how to bring together a diverse set of constituents to deal with complex problems.”
How might you be involved in education?Teacher
Grade Level Leader / Dept. Area Chair
Parent
School Partner
Voter
What are some of the professional dispositions of educators?
How do we resolve some of the conflicting views in education?
Objectives and Agenda:
blink introduction Me Too! (results)What themes do we see?Why might our theories about winning have been similar to / distinct from the professional gamblers?
Review SyllabusExpectations for Class Participation / Annotating Expectations for ReflectionsExpectations for Case StudiesFinal Projects
Recap from Last Week
Introduction to Information Processing Theory
How will class participation be assessed?
Quick Writes0= You did not come to class
1= You came to class, but it’s pretty clear you did not complete the reading (either text or blink)
2= You came to class, it’s clear you completed the readings, but something in your response was incorrect / incomplete. (Partial Understanding)
3 = You are on track to master these concepts / ideas.
blink formative-quizzes4-7 question quizzes that bridge blink with the text
0= You did not come to class
1= You got less than 20% of the questions correct
2= You got between 20-50% of the questions correct
3= You got more than 50% of the questions correct
Teaching and Parenting Concerns
Teaching
Theme 1: How do I know if students are learning?
Theme 2: How do I help them learn?
Theme 3: How do modify my instruction to meet students’ needs?
Theme 4: How do I manage student motivation?
Theme 5: How will I manage “problems” in the classroom?
Parenting
Theme 1: How do I help my child become self-motivated?
Theme 2: What do I do if my child has a problem? (at school / with friends)
Theme 3: How can I effectively discipline my child?
Recap: Last Week’s Quick Write
Learning Is:Ongoing / Active
Acquiring / Accumulating
Changing / Adapting
Seeing Connections
Received from Outside
Someone else teaches you
Experiment / Practice
Trying to Understand
Looking for Patterns
Insight / Knowledge
Process
Knowing Is:Already Stored; Mastered
Previously Received
Exists; You can “see” it
“Fact” / Proved
Beyond a Doubt / Confident
Already Understood
Freely Recalled
From Experiences
You Tested Your Theory
Can Use/Apply
Passive
Sequence: Learning => Knowing; “aftermath”Learning comes through experience, knowing can occur
because you were told or you observed.
How did We Learn?By Doing (Gambler)
By Trial and Error
By Guess and Check / Making a Theory & Testing it Out
Is there an advantage to being ‘in control,’ learning first hand?
By Observing (Observer)Taking Notes / Keeping Track
Take the Gambler’s Perspective
Is there an advantage to being systematic?
By Reflecting (Both Gambler and Observer)On the Outcome (Wins/Losses)
On Patterns / Similarities
On Our Theory (Was it effective?)
What to we want to know by the end of the class?
How do my students/people learn?How can I learn / recall better?
How does learning differ? How can I differentiate?What are the processes / stages?
Conscious / Unconscious?
How can I motivate my students/people? Make learning enjoyable?
What techniques maximize learning?
How do I know if my students have learned?
How can I help my students want to learn?
How is this important for industry? Parenting?
Module 18: Comprehension CheckAccording to Woolfolk, the cognitive approach suggests the most important element in the
learning process is:
1. The extent to which teachers present material clearly.
2. The ability level of the students.
3. The influence of external events.
4. The previous experiences individuals bring to new learning situations.
Answer Now !
Jan 19: Get Ready for Class!
Log onto MOODLEPick up Clicker
Download & Open Cog Sci Concept List
Download & Open Handouts for Today’s Class
Download & Open Reflection Guidelines & Rubric
Reminders and AnnouncementsConserve batteries (formative blink quiz at the end!)
.pdf files are now editable (concept list is also in word format)
Modules 18-20 and blink intro & CH1 on MOODLE
Elluminate: Virtual and ‘Real’ office hours
Quick Recap: Jan. 14Reviewed the Syllabus & Expectations
Information Processing ModelSensory MemoryWorking Memory
Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Processing
Schema TheoryLong Term Memory
How do these relate to blink? How do these relate to the gambling game?What is intuition? First impressions?
Reflection #1 (Posted on the Q & A Discussion Forum)
Module 1: Comprehension CheckPeterson & Comeaux (1989) one of the essential tasks for “professional teachers” committed to
becoming experts is:
1. Rely on personal experiences as the primary means to grown and shape teaching experiences.
2. Maintain consistent content and pedagogy practices from year to year.
3. Use research to understand and improve teaching.
4. View expertise as rigid and fixed; rely on ‘best practices.’
Answer Now !
Module 18: Comprehension CheckAccording to Ashcraft (2002), cognitive
psychologists assume:
1. Mental processes exist.
2. Mental processes can be studied scientifically.
3. Humans are active participants in their own acts of cognition.
4. All of the above.
Answer Now !
Module 18: Comprehension CheckThe capacity and duration of sensory memory
is:
1. Small and retains information for a very short time.
2. Small and retains information for a very long time.
3. Large and retains information for a very short time.
4. Large and retains information for a very long time.
Answer Now !
Examples of Top Down v. Bottom Up Processing
“Dr. D.’s stupid human tricks!”
(apologies to David Letterman
&
Miss Hannah Davis Bauer)
Do you know what this is a picture of? 1= Yes, 2= No
Do you know what this is a picture of? 1= Yes, 2= No
Do you know what this is a picture of? 1= Yes, 2= No
Do you know what this is a picture of? 1= Yes, 2= No
Do you know what this is a picture of? 1= Yes, 2= No
Connecting I.P.T. with Blink
How do these relate to what happened with the Kouros?
Short -Term Memory?Working Memory?
How do these relate to the gambling game?Short-Term Memory?Working Memory?
From and I.P.T. perspective, what is intuition?
Quick write: Comprehension Check
Go to MOODLE
Find the link for today’s quick write:
What did you learn today about the difference between top down and bottom up processing?
Formative blink Quiz
HW for Jan. 21, 2010:Reflection #1 (on Intro*) Due – Posted to the Q&A Discussion Board
Use text Modules 18-20 to analyze the introduction
Think Focused and ‘Micro’:Only need 1-2 concepts from text
Only need to really delve into one example from blink
Read blink: Chapter 1 (posted on MOODLE)
Read Module 20
On Jan 26: blink Me Too!Disappointed to see: “I didn’t read it…”
Jan 21.: Get Ready for Class
Log onto MOODLEPick up Clicker
Open Cog Sci Concept List (.pdf)
Download & Open Handouts for Today’s Class
Respond to blink Ch1: Me Too!
Reminders and AnnouncementsConserve batteries (formative blink quiz at the end!)
Once you have downloaded .pdf, turn wireless airport OFF
Office Hours tomorrow: begin at 11:15am
Quick Recap: Jan. 19Working Memory: Information Processing Model
Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Processing
Long Term MemorySchema Theory
Reflection #1 (Posted on the Q & A Discussion Forum)
Schema TheoryNature of ExpertisePriming and Spread ActivationBlink mini-quiz!
LTM Structure of Knowledge: Schemas
Knowledge organized into “webs/maps” of information.
Maps/Webs Serve as Lens(+) Direct Attention, Identify Relevant Information, Interpret Ambiguity(-) Old structures are resistant to change; “Invested” in existing schemas; Tied to “affective” experiences
Two processing systems: Sympathetic and our Parasympathetic
Sympathetic: Activated in Fight or Flight Situations
Employs Top-Down approach; Unconscious
Parasympathetic: Conscious Processing System
It is alongside and subject to your Sympathetic
Can modify the frameworks that will be employed
‘Novice’ Self-Schema
‘Expert’ Self-Schema
‘Developing Expertise’
Dr. D. calls these: “Pseudo” Experts
Development of ExpertiseContent (# of nodes) in a mapCohesion (# of links) in a mapOrganization (# of core nodes; refinement of links; procedural/conditional links; structure imposed)
Experts vs. Novices (Module 1 - Expert Teachers)
Experts have elaborate structures organized around “central” or “underlying” principles (This organization around underlying principles really distinguished the expert from a “pseudo-expert” / student developing expertise)Experts have extensive conditional knowledge and as a consequence take more time to identify and understand problems as well as recognize patternsNovice schemas may have misconceptions
LTM Structure of Knowledge: Schemas
How does processing differ depending on your level of
expertise?How would you characterize the information processing of Gottman in the love lab?
How would you characterize the information processing of Gladwell in the love lab?
How does Gottman’s expertise affect his processing?
Asking ‘Good’ Questions
What if all you have is bottom up processing?
(i.e. you know you are not an expert!)
Priming and the ‘Spread’ Information
Spread Activation Controlling Recall and Recognition (via “Prime”)Controlling the Acquisition of New Knowledge
Teaching to a PrototypeActivating Misconceptions and Teaching via Negative Case
Expertise Lies on a Continuum
Expert or Developing Expertise?
How do you know when you are an expert?...
Applying Schema Theory to Understand Teaching
How does schema theory inform us about the nature of stereotypes?
How does schema theory inform us about the nature of expertise?
Nature of “Knowing”Defining Intuition (Cognitive Science Perspective):
Making a judgment off a framework that cannot be articulated; result of top down processing
Reflect lack of knowledge (stereotype) vs. expertise?
Result of belief structure (moral framework) vs. years of reasoning?
Why care about the accuracy of our intuition?“Teaching is all about judgment…. Situated judgment.” M. Frank Pajares Teachers carry beliefs / values into the classroom
Formative blink Quiz
HW for Jan. 26, 2009:Module 29
Module 6 (p.80-84)
On Jan. 26: The Nature of the ‘Self’
Quick Write and Mini-Quiz…. Love Lab
Bedroom Experiment
Surgeons