information on com en wealth and olympics games

8/8/2019 Information on Com en Wealth and Olympics Games

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is my new mini website for the London Olympic 2012 Games. Over the coming months, I will be adding more factrmation and teaching resources ready for the 2012 Olympics. The build up to the 2012 London Olympics provides aellent hook to engage students all round the world in learning about Britain. I have already written many pages onain and will be adding more and linking the resources to the Olympic theme.

en will the London Olympics take place?

2012 Summer Olympic Games will be held in London from 27 July to12 August 2012, followed by the 2012lympic Games from 29 August to 9 September.

many times has London hosted the Olympics?

don hosted the Olympic games in 1908 and 1948.

many countries are expected to take part in the London 2012 Olympics?

expect 205 nations to take part in 300 events at the Olympic Games in 2012. 147 nations will take part in thelympic Games.

12 Summer Olympics

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

p to: navigation, search12 Olympics" redirects here. For the Winter Youth Olympics, see2012 Winter Youth Olympics.

ndon 2012" redirects here. For the 2012 Paralympic Games, see2012 Summer Paralympics.Games of the XXX Olympiad

This is the clear version of the official logo.

There are four official base colours, and another version

for the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

For more details, see section "Logo" below.

Host city London, United Kingdom


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Motto Live as one

Nations participating 205 (estimated)

Athletes participating 10,500 (estimated)

Events 300 in 26 sports

Opening ceremony July 27

Closing ceremony August 12

Stadium Olympic Stadium

[hide] 2012 Summer Olympics

y Bid processy Bid detailsy Announcements and developmentsy Mascoty Venuesy Torch Relayy Paralympics

IOC BOA LOCOG

ondon 2012 Olympics banner at The Monument in London.

2012 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXX Olympiad, are scheduled to take placeondon, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012.[1] London will become the first city to officially host the

ern Olympic Gamesthree times,[2][3]

having previously done so in 1908 and in 1948.[4][5]

don was elected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the117thIOC Session in Singapore, defeating Moscow,Newk City, Madrid and Paris after four rounds of voting.[6] The successful bid was headed by former Olympic championastian Coe.

Olympics prompted a redevelopment of many of the areas of London in which the games are to be held particularlyed towards sustainability[7]

while the budgetary considerations have generated some criticism.[8][9]

Contents

[hide]

y 1 Bidding process


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y 2 Ol i devel ent and preparati no 2.1 Devel pment since t e 2005 bido 2.2 enues and infrastructureo 2.3 Public transporto 2.4 inancingo 2.5 Partnerso 2.6 Ticketingo 2.7 Scheduling issueso 2.8 Logoo 2.9 Mascotso 2.10 Handover ceremony

y 3 The Gameso 3.1 Sports

y 4 Broadcastingy 5 Olympic flagy 6 Eco-policyy 7 Tourism and the 2012 Games

o 7.1 Short films and documentariesy 8 See alsoy 9 Referencesy 10 Referencesy 11 Externallinks

i Biddi ess

n article:Bids forthe 2012 Summer Olympics

the bid submission deadline of 15 July 2003, nine cities had submitted bids to hostthe 2012 Olympics. These citiese Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig, London, Madrid, Moscow,New York, Paris and Rio de Janeiro.[10]

18 May 2004, the International Olympic Committee (IOC , as a result of a scored technical evaluation, reduced theber of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York, and Paris.[11]

19 November 2004, all five candidate cities had submitted their candidate file to the International Olympic Committe

IOCinspection team visited the five candidate cities during ebruary and March 2005. The Paris bid suffered twoacks during the IOCinspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits and a report

ing outthatGuy Drut, one ofthe key members ofthe Paris bid team and IOC member, would face charges over allegupt party political finances.[12]

6 June 2005, the International Olympic Committee released its evaluation reports forthe five candidate cities. Althoue reports did not contain any scores or rankings, the evaluation report for Paris was considered the most positive, nowwed closely by London which had narrowed down most ofthe gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004 regardi

s. Also New York and Madrid obtained very positive evaluation reports.[13]

oughoutthe process and up to the vote atthe 117th IOC Session, Paris was widely seen as the favourite to win the

ination, particularly as this was its third bid in recent history. Originally London was seen lagging Paris bysiderable margin; however, this started to improve with the appointment ofSebastian Coe as new head of London 201

9 May 2004. In late August 2004, some reports started emerging predicting a London and Paris tie in the 2012 bid.[14


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e final run-up to the 117th IOC Session, London and Paris appeared to be increasingly in a neck-and-neck race. On 12005, Jacques Rogge, when asked who the winner would be, told the assembled press: "I cannot predict it since I do

w how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down terence of say ten votes, or maybe less".

6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at theRaffles City Convention Centre in Singapore, where the 117th

Session was held. Here Prime Minister of the United KingdomTony Blairwas the only leader of the five candidates' countries to make a personal lobby (he had also been the only one to attend the 2004 Olympics).[15]Moscow was thcity to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two cities left in contention were London and

s. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes, defeatings's 50. Various French publications blamed the Paris loss on French PresidentJacques Chirac's statements before thethat "We can't trust people [the British] who have such bad food. AfterFinland, it's the country with the worst."

[16]Two current members of the International Olympic Committee are from Finland. Several other news sources ci

trand Delano's complaint regarding Tony Blair's secret late night meetings with numerous (African) IOCesentatives as having a more significant impact on final vote.

[17]When reporting London's win, British media covere

expectant crowds in both France and Britain (and in the other bid cities), and contrasted the jubilant reaction in Londoe reaction of the crowd in Paris, where many had gathered in hope of a French win.

[18][19][20]However, the celebration

ondon were overshadowed whenLondon's transport system was attackedby terrorists less than 24 hours after the

ouncement.[21]

ecember 2005, it was alleged by Alex Gilady, a senior IOC official, that London had won the right to host thempics only because of a voting error. A London 2012 spokesman dismissed this, saying "At the end of the day, it waet ballot. This is the opinion of one individual. The result is what matters and we are not going to be drawn intoulation."

[22]

2012 Summer Olympics bidding results

City NOC Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

London Great Britain 22 27 39 54

Paris France 21 25 33 50

Madrid Spain 20 32 31

New York City United States 19 16

Moscow Russia 15

it] Olympic development and preparation

it] Developments since the 2005 bid

n article: 2012 Summer Olympic development

London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games was created to oversee the staging of the Games after theess of the bid, and held their first board meeting on 7 October 2005. The committee,chaired by Lord Coe, is in chargplementing and staging the games, while the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) is in charge of the construction of

venues and infrastructure.

Government Olympic Executive (GOE), a unit within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), is theGovernment body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. The GOE reports through the DCMS Permanentetary to the Minister for Sports and the Olympics, Hugh Robertson. It focuses on oversight of the Games, cross-


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ramme programme management and the London 2012 Olympic Legacy before and afterthe Games that will benefitdon and the UK.

ious aspects ofthe Games have developed since the time ofthe initial bid.

i Venues and infrastructure

bley Stadium, the most expensive stadium ever built atthe time,[23] will be a venue forfootball.

O2 will be the venue forgymnastics andbasketball[cit ti d d]

.n article: enues ofthe 2012 Summer Olympics

2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will use a mixture of new venues, existing and historic facilities, and temporarlities, some ofthem in well-known locations such as Hyde Parkand Horse Guards Parade. In the wake ofthe problemplagued the Millennium Dome, the organisers' intention is thatthere will be no white elephants afterthe Games andead that a "2012 legacy" will be delivered. Some ofthe new facilities will be reused in their Olympic form, whilers, including the 80,000 seater main stadium,[24] will be reduced in size or relocated elsewhere in the UK. The plans aofthe regeneration ofStratfordin east London which will be the site ofthe Olympic Park, and ofthe neighbouringer Lea alley.

has required the compulsory purchase of some business properties, which are being demolished to make way formpic venues and infrastructure improvements. This has caused some controversy, with some ofthe affected proprietoming thatthe compensation offered is inadequate. In addition, concerns aboutthe development's potentialimpact on t

re ofthe century-old Manor Garden Allotments have inspired a community campaign, and the demolition ofthe Claye housing estate was opposed by tenants.

majority of venues have been divided into three zones within Greater London:the Olympic Zone, the River Zone andCentral Zone. In addition to these are those venues that, by necessity, are outside the boundaries of Greater London,

as the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy on the Isle of Portlandin Dorset which will hostthe sailints, some 125 miles (200 km) southwest ofthe Olympic Park. The footballtournament will be staged at several grounnd the UK.[25]


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it] Public transport

Olympic Javelin service

Docklands light railway will serve many Olympic venues

don'spublic transport was an element ofthe bid which was scored poorly in the IOC's initial evaluation.Transport fodon (TfL) are carrying out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including the expansion ofthe Londonrground's East London Line, upgrades to the Docklands LightRailway and theNorth London Line, and theoduction of a new "Javelin" high-speed rail service, using the HitachiCorporation's "bullet"trains[cit ti d d].

also propose the construction of a 25m cable caracross the River Thamesto link 2012 Olympics venues.

[26]

It wills the Thames river between Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks, carrying up to 2,500 passengers an hour 50res in the air. Itis designed to cutjourney times between the O2 arena and the ExCel exhibition centre - both of whichOlympic locations. Theprivately-funded system could provide a crossing every 30 seconds.

[27]

y also plan to have 80% of athletes travelless than 20 minutes to their event. This Park would be served by ten separaaylines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour. Park-and-ride plans are also among the many pla

ed at reducing road traffic levels during the games.

cerns have been expressed atthe logistics of spectators traveling to the events schedule for outside of London. Inicular, the sailing events atPortland are in an area with no directmotorway connection, and with local roads that areily congested by existing touristtraffic in the summer. There is also only limited scope for extra services on the Sout

tern Main Line beyond Southampton, without new infrastructure. The Olympic Games' organisers say that havinglyzed past Olympic sailing events, they would expect fewer spectators than have attended recent events such as thenival and Tall Ships Race, this despite the United Kingdom being atthe top ofthe sailing medaltable atthe previouse Olympic Games.

anuary 2010 the South East England regionaltransport board criticised plans published by the Olympics Developmenhority for not providing plans of a credible long term coach networksaying "Th ODA h b w rki g

i tw rk fcoach r ices... [but]the lackofreference to this work[in the plan]is bothintriguingandatthee time concerning."On 15 ebruary 2010, the ODA announced that irstGroup was the preferred bidder forthe


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ision of bus and coach services forthe games. This willinvolve the provision of venue shuttle and park and rideices, services connecting peripheral park and ride sites on the M25 with the Olympic Parkand Ebbsfleet, and a

onwide network of express coaches to the Olympic Park, and the Weymouth and Portland sailing venue. The servicesrequire around 900 vehicles in total, although some will be sub-contracted.[28][29]

it] Financing

costs of mounting the Games are separate from those for building the venues and infrastructure, and redeveloping the

forthe Olympic Park. While the Games are privately funded, the venues and Park costs are metlargely by publicey.

15 March 2007 Tessa Jowell announced to the House ofCommons a budget of 5.3 billion to cover building the venuinfrastructure forthe Games, atthe same time announcing the wider regeneration budget forthe Lower Lea alley

get at 1.7 billion.

top ofthis, she announced various other costs including an overall additional contingency fund of 2.7 billion, securitpolicing costs of 600 million, AT of 800 million and elite sport and Paralympic funding of nearly 400 million.

ording to these figures, the total forthe Games and the regeneration ofthe East London area, is 9.345 billion. ThenorKen Livingstone pledged the Games Organising Committee would make a profit.[30]

costs for staging the Games (2 billion) are funded from the private sector by a combination of sponsorship,

chandising, ticketing and broadcast rights. This budgetis raised and managed by the London 2012 Organisingmittee. According to Games organisers, the funding forthis budget broadly breaks down as:

y 63% from Central Government;y 23% fromNational Lotteryy 13% from the Mayor of London and the London Development Agency18 August 2007 The BelfastTelegraph reported thatjubilation over winning the rightto stage the Olympic Games wa

ming more muted as realisation dawns on the public ofthe enormous costs involved in creating facilities fortheetes.[31]

Grassroot sport cuts will fund the Olympics, government figures suggested on 19 August 2007.[32]

ovember 2007, Edward Leigh MP, criticised the organisers for significantly under-estimating the cost of staging thees, suggesting they had either"acted in bad faith or were incompetent".[33]

10 December 2007 Tessa Jowell announced confirmation ofthe budget announced earlierin 2007. In June 2007, theisterial unders Group (established to manage the allocation of contingency to the ODA within the overall budget) magreed a first allocation of contingency to the ODA, being 360m out ofthe 500m ofinitial contingency announcedch, to enable the ODA to manage early cost pressures.

owing its second meeting on 26 November 2007, the unders Group has now agreed a baseline budget and scope

osed by the ODA. The total budgeted base costto be met by the public sector funding package remains at 6.090bnuding tax and excluding general programme contingency as announced in March. This includes the allocation to the

A ofthe remaining 140m from the initial 500m contingency announced in March.[34]

re have, however, been concerns over how the Olympics are to be funded. In ebruary 2008, a London Assemblyure and sport committee report expressed concerns overthe funding ofthe games taking away money from London'sts and arts groups.[35] There have also been complaints that funding towards the Olympics has been to the detriment oing other areas ofthe UK. In Wales, there has been criticism from Plaid Cymru aboutthe games depriving Wales of


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ey, by using UK-wide funding ratherthan English funding.[36]

The Wales on Sunday newspaper claimed formerUKe MinisterTony Blairbroke his promise to not useNational Lottery funding forthe Olympic games.[37][38]

t December 2009, the Delivery Authority had allocated 702 million of Programme and unders contingency, largel

overthe decisions to publicly fund the illage and Media Centre afterit became clear private funding could not bered on acceptable terms during the 2008 to 2010 economic crisis. According to the Government Olympic Executive

Olympic Delivery Authority risk assessments the remaining 1,270 million contingency is sufficientto manage risksDelivery Authoritys programme.

[39]

from May 2010, the Olympic budget will be cut by 27 million as part ofthe 6.2 billion cuts by the newservative-Liberal coalition government.

it] Partners

elp fund the cost of staging the games the London Olympic organisers have agreed partnership deals with majorpanies. "Tier One" partners already announced include adidas, BMW, BP, British Airways, BT, ED Energy,rcontinental Hotels Group, and Lloyds TSB."Tier Two" supporters already announced include Adecco, Cadbury, Cisc

oitte, Thomas Cook Group and UPS.

it] Ticketing

anisers estimate that some 8.0 million tickets would be available forthe Olympic Games, and 1.5 million tickets fortlympic Games. Ticket sign-up was launched on 22 March 2010 and alltickets will go on sale to the public in spring

1. To reduce traffic, ticket holders will be entitled to free use of London's public transportation network on the day ofevent.[40] Itis estimated that 82% of available Olympic tickets and 63% of Paralympic tickets will be sold. There willbe free events: for example, the marathon, triathlon and road cycling.[41]

it] Scheduling issues

e representatives ofMuslim countries have complained thatthe 2012 Olympic Games willtake place during the monamadan, which in 2012 occurs from 20 July to 19 August. During Ramadan, Muslims are to fast from sunrise to sunsch may put Muslim athletes at a disadvantage during the Games. Some Muslims have called forthe Olympics to beheduled outside this period.[42]

it] Logo

re have been two London 2012 logos: one forthe bidding process created by Kino Design and a second as the brand fGames themselves. The latter, designed by Wolff Olins, was unveiled on 4 June 2007 and cost 400,000. [43] This new

is a representation ofthe number 2012, with the Olympic Rings embedded within the zero.[44]

will be the firsttime thatthe same essentiallogo is to be used for both the Olympic andParalympic games.[45]

standard colours are green, magenta, orange and blue; howeverthe logo has incorporated a variety of colours,uding the Union lagto promote the handover ceremony.[46] The flexibility ofthe logo has also enabled sponsors torporate their corporate colours into a personalised version, such as Lloyds TSB,

[47]British Airways,

[48]and Adidas.

[49

don 2012 has stated thatthe new logo is aimed at reaching young people. Sebastian Coe stated thatit builds uponything thatthe organising committee has said "about reaching out and engaging young people, which is where our

llenge is overthe next five years". One observer, a managing director of an advertising agency, noted thatthe logo bo


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ong resemblance to the logo for the 1974-1982 children's television programmeTiswas, commenting that appealing tng people is difficult, and that they will see right through attempts to patronise them.

[50]

y public reaction to the logo, as measured by a poll on theBBC website, was largely negative: more than 80% of votee the logo the lowest possible rating.

[51]Several newspapers have run their own logo competitions, displaying

native submissions from their readers.The S n displayed a design by a macaque monkey.[52] It was suggested that th

resembles the cartoon characterLisa Simpson performing fellatio[53] and others have complained that it looks like aorted Swastika.[54]

Paralympics logo (far left) and the different official colour combinations for theWolff Olins main logo design.

gment of animated footage released at the same time as the logo was reported to trigger seizures in a small number ople withphotosensitive epilepsy. The charity Epilepsy Action received telephone calls from people who had hadures after watching the sequence on TV. In response, a short segment was removed from the London 2012 website.

[55

Livingstone, then London Mayor, said that the company who designed the film should not be paid for what he calleastrophic mistake".

[56]

logger at the BBC said that "London 2012's new logo has got the country talking [although] not in the manner thenisers would have hoped".[57] One employee at a design firm described it as "well thought out" and anticipated it woome a source of pride for London and the Games."

[58]

ctober 2008, it was reported that clothing branded with the logo accounted for 20% of sales at Adidas' flagship Oxfo

et store, despite occupying just 5% of floor space.

[59]

it] Mascots

n article: Wenlock and Mandeville

lock and Mandeville

official mascots for the 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were unveiled on 19 May 2010;[60]

this markssecond time (afterVancouver) that both Olympic and Paralympic mascots were unveiled at the same time. WenlockMandevilleare animations depicting two drops of steel from a steelworks inBolton.

[60]They are named Wenlock, aft

Shropshire town ofMuch Wenlock, which held a forerunner of the current Olympic Games, and Mandeville, aftere Mandeville, a village in Buckinghamshire where the Paralympic Games were first held.

[60]The writerMichael


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purgo wrote the story conceptto the mascots, and an animation was produced;[61]

itis intended thatthis will form parn ongoing series concerning the mascots in the run-up to the Games in 2012.[60]

it] Handover ceremony

n article:2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony

handover ceremony marked the moment when the previous games in Beijing in 2008 handed overthe Olympic lagnew host city of London.[62]Mayor of LondonBoris Johnson received the flag from Mayor ofBeijing Guo Jinlong, onalf of London. The handover ceremony featured the urban dance group ZooNation, the RoyalBallet and Candoco, abled dance group, all dressed as typical London commuters waiting for a bus by a zebra crossing. A double-decker bue around the stadium to music composed by Philip Sheppard eventually stopping and transforming into a privet hedg

uring famous London landmarks such as TowerBridge, The Gherkin and the London Eye. Jimmy Page and Leonaisthen performed the Led Zeppelin classic Whole Lotta Love and David Beckham kicked a footballinto the crowd o

etes accompanied by violinistElspeth Hanson and cellist Kwesi Edman.[63]

the London 2012 Games, 'Take Up The Challenge' is the leading contenderto be the music that willinspire a new

eration of athletes. The anthem was composed by Rob Cremona, an Anglo-Maltese trumpeter and multi-instrumentaliWoking in Surrey. Meanwhile, the handover has been celebrated in a UK-wide series of events. The BBC broadcas

e isa London 2012 Party" on BBC One and Radio 2, the free concert on The Mallin central London had 40,000ets available.[64] In nations and regions around the UKthere were live screens that showed the activities from BeijingClosing Ceremony and then the concertitself. Local communities around the UK also hosted their own events.

it] The ames

it] Sports

also:Category:2012 Summer Olympics events

2012 Summer Olympic programme features 26 sports and a total of 38 disciplines. The 2012 Paralympic Gamesramme has 20 sports and 21 disciplines. London's bid featured 28 sports, in line with other recent Summer Olympics

the IOC voted to dropbaseball and softball from the 2012 Games two days afterit selected London as the host city. Treinforced its decision to drop both sports during the Turin Games afterthey lost votes for reconsideration. They wil

ain Olympic sports, despite being scheduled forthe lasttime atBeijing in 2008.[65] ollowing the decision to drop thesports, the IOC held a vote on whether or notto replace them. The sports considered were karate, squash, golf, rollerts, and rugby sevens. Karate and squash were the two final nominees, but neither received enough votes to reach the

ired two-thirds majority.[65]

The IOC has given the approval forthe addition of golf and rugby sevens forthe 2016es.[66][67]

International Olympic Committee executive board met on 13 August 2009 and approved the addition of women's

ing to the programme. The InternationalBoxing ederation has proposed that 40 athletes compete in five differentght classes.[68]

ad Qureshi, a member ofthe London Assembly, is pushing for a Twenty20 cricket showcase tournamentto be includondon.[69] Twenty20 cricket did originally bid forinclusion in 2012, but was not one ofthe finalist sports.[70]Netballg drafted as a possible demonstration sport atthe 2012 games. This idea was backed by then British prime ministerdon Brown, suggesting thatit would encourage more girls and young women to play sports.[71] The IOC eliminated

onstration sports following the 1992 Summer Olympics.[72]

However, specialtournaments have been run for non-mpic sports during the games, such as the Wushu tournament atthe 2008 Summer Olympics.[69] There has been


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ulation that the London Sevens tournament held at Twickenham as part of the IRB Sevens World Series could be putk to coincide with the Olympics.

[73]

owing the awarding of the 2012 Olympic Games to London, the government announced that special dispensationld be granted to allow the various shooting events to go ahead,as had been the case previously for the 2002monwealth Games. However, it was still illegal for Britain's top pistol shooters to train in England, Scotland or Wal

result, British shooters currently spend 20 to 30 days a year training in Switzerland, and receive no public sportsing because their events are considered illegal in the UK

14 Winter Olympics

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

p to: navigation, search

14 Olympics" redirects here. For the Summer Youth Olympics held in Nanjing, China, see2014 Summer Youthmpics.also: 2014 Winter Paralympics

XXII Olympic Winter Games

Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics official logo

Host city Sochi, Russia

Motto Gateway to the F t e

Opening ceremony February 7

Closing ceremony February 23

Stadium Olympic Stadium

[hide] 2014 Winter Olympics

y Bid processy Paralympics

IOC ROC SOC

2014 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXII Olympic Winter Games, will be the next Winter Olympicsfrom February 7 to February 23, 2014 inSochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city was elected on July 4, 2007, durin

119th International Olympic Committee (IOC) Session in Guatemala City, Guatemala.[1]

This will be the first time thaRussian Federation will host the Winter Olympics; theSoviet Union hosted the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow.

Games will be organized within two clusters, a coastal cluster in Sochi and a mountain cluster inKrasnaya Polyana.


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Contents

[hide]

y 1 Organizationo 1.1 Bid processo 1.2 Venues

1.2.1 Sochi Olympic Park 1.2.2 Krasnaya Polyana

o 1.3 Marketingo 1.4 Securityo 1.5 Financing

y 2 Organizing Committeeo 2.1 Chief Executive Officero 2.2 Supervisory Boardo 2.3 Functions

y 3 Constructiono 3.1 Telecommunicationso 3.2 Power infrastructureo 3.3 Transportationo 3.4 Other infrastructure

y 4 Calendaro 4.1 Additional events

y 5 Criticismo 5.1 Environmento 5.2 Economyo 5.3 Circassianso 5.4 Political stability and governance

y 6 Broadcast rightsy 7 See alsoy 8 Notesy 9 External links

it] Organization

it] Bid process

n article: Bids for the 2014 Winter Olympics

2014 Winter Olympics bidding results

City NOC Name Round 1Round 2

Sochi Russia 34 51

PyeongChangSouth Korea 36 47


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SalzburgAustria 25 -

it] Venues

t] Sochi Olympic Park

n article: Venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics

sketch shows the Olympic Park concept with all venues gathered around the Medals Plaza

Sochi Olympic Park will be built by the Black Sea coast in the Imeretin Valley.[2] All the venues listed below are newneed to be built. The venues will be clustered around a central water basin on which the Medals Plaza will be built.will provide a great compactness of the concept with the Olympic Stadium and all indoor venues of the Olympics

ered within walking distance.

y Bolshoi Ice Palace - ice hockey, 12,000 spectators.y Maly Ice Palace - ice hockey, 7,000 spectators.y Sochi Olympic Oval - speed skating, 8,000 spectators.y Sochi Olympic Skating Centre - figure skating, short track speed skating, 12,000 spectators.y Sochi Olympic Curling Centre - curling, 3,000 spectators.y Sochi Olympic Stadium - 69,000 spectators.y Main Olympic villagey International broadcasting center and main press-room[citation nee e ]r the Olympics, it is planned to use the cluster area as part ofFormula One street circuit. This deal was signed on 14

ober 2010 though it could be delayed to the 2014 Games. The contract runs to 2020.[3]

t] Krasnaya Polyana

n article: Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Krai

y Biathlon & Ski Complex Biathlon, Cross-country skiing and Nordic combinedy Freestyle Skiing and Snowboard Park- Freestyle skiing and Snowboardingy Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort Alpine skiingy Russian National Sliding Centre Bobsleigh, Luge and Skeletony Russian National Ski Jumping Centre Ski jumping and Nordic combinedy Rosa Khutor Plateau Olympic Villageit] Marketing


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This section is written like an advertisement. Please help rewrite this section from a neutral point of view. (March2010)

ng with 2008 Russian presidential election, on March 2, 2008 there was an unofficialreferendum held in Sochito elecmascot forthe 2014 Winter Olympics. 270,000 voters along with theirballots received a coupon with four mascot

idates:Ded Moroz, a snowflake, apolar bearand a dolphin. According to a representative of Sochi city administratiomajority of Sochians voted forthe dolphin.[4] However, representatives ofthe Sochi Organizing Committee forthees, which is to officially elect a logo and a mascot, commented, that while respecting the opinion of Sochians, such aedure is usually held later, the mascotis to be elected not earlierthan 2011 and the logo in the middle of 2009. Theypointed out, thatthe final version ofthe mascot should be a consensus of opinions of all citizens ofthe country and tlt of work by professionaldesigners and market analysts.[5] On December 1, 2009 the official 2014 Winter Olympicwas released.

[6]International Olympic Committee President, Jacques Rogge, said ofthe logo:"It's very appealing. It

creative, innovative. I thinkit will appeal especially to the young population."[7]

hi2014.ru"is the only Olympic emblem to include a web address. The mirror of"Sochi" and "2014" 'reflects' that Someeting point between sea and mountains. As the main component ofthe Sochi 2014 emblem, the Olympic rings site and in colorto show thatthis is a symbol of progress forthe Olympic Movement.

[citation needed]The change of colours

inner design ofthe rest ofthe emblem encourages people to express themselves, with some expected to transform itg traditionalimages, while others willtake an ultra-modern approach.

it] Security

This article's factual accuracy may be compromised because of out-of-date information. Please help improvethe article by updating it. There may be additionalinformation on the talk page. (Februar 2010)

Russian military have offered to provide the S-400 Triumfadvanced surface-to-air missile system as part ofthe largee security measures during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.[8]

South Ossetia armed conflict, which occurred in 2008, sparked concerns regarding the preparations forthe 2014ter Olympics in Sochi, which is located close to the disputed region ofAbkhazia.[9][10] In the aftermath ofthe war, thergian National Olympic Committee asked, in November 2008, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) tonsiderits decision to hold the Olympics on the territory adjacent both to the [Russian-] occupied Abkhaz conflict

e, and to the extremely unstable and volatile North Caucasus.[11]

The IOC responded that ensuring security atthe Socmpics was up to Russian organizers,[12] and rejected Georgia's request.[13]

it] Financing

ording to Sochi 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Organizing Committee President and CEO Dmitry Chernyshenko, theessful partnership and commercial programs will allow to use funds generated by Sochi 2014 forthe 2009-2010

elopment period, postponing the need forthe state funds guaranteed by the Russian Government. He confirmed thatth

anizing Committee has successfully generated more than $500 million through the marketing program in the first fiveths of 2009.[14]

This article's factual accuracy may be compromised because of out-of-date information. Please help improvethe article by updating it. There may be additionalinformation on the talk page. (Februar 2010)


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sia will provide nearly 327 billion rubles (approximately US$ 10.85 billion[15]

) forthe total development, expansionhosting ofthe Games. 192.4 billion rubles must come from the ederal budget and 7.1 billion rubles from the

snodar Krai budget and from the Sochi budget.

following funds have been approved within the ederal budget forthe development ofSochi:[16]

Funds approved

from 2006 until2014

Year Billions ofrubles

2006 4.9

2007 15.9

2008 31.6

2009 27.3

2010 22.2

2011 27.1

2012 26.3

2013 22.1

2014 8.4

ncing from non-budget sources (including private investor funds) is distributed as follows:[17]

y Touristinfrastructure $2.6 billion;y Olympic venues $500 million;y Transportinfrastructure $270 million;y Power supply infrastructure $100 million.

it] Organi ing Committee

ntdown to the Olympics in Sochi

Sochi 2014 Olympic Organizing Committee was established on October 2, 2007 by the Russian Olympic Committeeederal Agency for PhysicalCulture and Sports, and the Administration ofthe City ofSochi.

[18]

it] ChiefE ecutive Officer

y Dmitry Chernyshenko


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it] Supervisory Board

y Alexander Zhukov (Chair)y Dmitry Kozaky Dmitry Chernyshenkoy Semen ainshtoky Viktor Kolodyazhnyy Alexei Kudriny Alexander Tkachyovy Leonid Tyagachyovy Viacheslav etisovy Viktor Khotochkiny Vitaly Smirnovy Shamil Tarpischevy Alexander Popovy Vladimir Lukiny Tatiana Dobrokhvalovait] Functions

y Planning and managing of allthe events ofthe 2014 Olympics and Paralympic Winter Gamesin Sochi;y Provision ofIOC regulations and observation forthe project planning and construction of sports venues and

infrastructure facilities as well as the IOC regulations fortransportation system, security issues, medical service aothers;

y Execution of financial planning and monitoring ofthe Sochi 2014 budgetimplementation; provision of financialreports forthe IOC on a regular basis;

y Provision of financing for allthe activities in the framework ofthe Sochi 2014 preparation and execution includineducational, cultural and promotional events;

y Protection ofthe IOCintellectual property rights.

it] Construction

Olympic infrastructure is being constructed according to a ederal Target Programme ( TP). In June 2009 the Gamenizers reported they are one year ahead in starting building the main Olympic facilities as compared to all ofthe lates

mpic Games.[19]

it] Telecommunications

ording to the TP, $580 million will be spent on construction and modernization oftelecommunications in the region

ected to be built:

y A network ofTETRA mobile radio communications for 100 user groups (with capacity of 10 thousand subscribery 700 km offiber-optic cables along the Anapa-Dzhubga-Sochi highways and Dzhubga-Krasnodarbranch;y Digital broadcasting infrastructure, including radio and TV broadcasting stations (building and communications

tower) with coverage from Grushevaya Polyana (PearGlade) to Sochi and Anapa cities. The project also includeconstruction ofinfocommunications centre for broadcasting abroad via three HDTVsatellites.


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ing the Olympic Games, the telecommunications backbones of UTK, Rostelecom and TransTeleCom providers will b.[20]

fiber-optic channellinks Sochi between Adlerand Krasnaya Polyana. The 46 km long channel will enable

oconferencing and news reporting from the Olympics.[21]

it] Power infrastructure

ve year strategy forincreasing power supply in the Sochi region was presented by Russian energy experts during ainar on May 29, 2009, held by the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, and attended by International Olympicmittee (IOC) experts and officials from the Russian Ministry ofRegional Development, the Russian Ministry of

rgy, the State Corporation Olimpstroy and the KrasnodarRegions administration.[22]

event was a part ofthe Olympic Games Knowledge Management (OGKM) program by the IOC.

ording to the strategy, the capacity ofthe regional energy network willincrease by two and a halftimes by 2014,anteeing stable power supply during and afterthe Games.

er demand of Sochiin the end of May 2009 was 424 MW. Power demand of the Olympic infrastructure is expected tbout 340 MW.

y Poselkovaya electrical substation became operationalin early 2009.y Sochithermal power stationis being reconstructed (expected power outputis 160 MW).y Laura and Rosa Khutor electrical substations, currently in design phase, will be completed in November 2010y Mzymta electrical substation will be completed in March 2011.y Krasnopolyanskaya hydroelectricpower station was completed in 2010.y AdlerCHP station design and construction will be completed in 2012. Expected power outputis 360 MW. [23]y Bytkha substation, to be constructed with two transformers 25 MW each, willinclude dependable

microprocessor-based protection.

ier plans also include building combined cycle (steam and gas) power stations nearthe cities ofTuapse andorossiyskand construction of a cable-wire powerline, partially on the floor ofthe Black Sea.[24]

it] Transportation

transportation infrastructure being prepared to supportthe Olympics includes many roads, tunnels, bridges,rchanges, railroads and stations in and around Sochi.

Sochi Light Metro will be constructed between Adlerand Krasnaya Polyanato connectthe Olympic Park, the airportthe venues in Krasnaya Polyana.

existing 102 km Tuapse to Adlerrailroad will be reconstructed to provide double trackthroughout, increasing capacienabling a reliable regional service to be provided. The railroad will also be extended to the airport. In December 200

sian Railways ordered 38 Siemens MobilityDesirotrains for delivery in 2013 for use during the Olympics, with anon for a further 16 which would be partly builtin Russia.[25]

sian Railwaysis going to establish a high-speed Moscow-Adlerlink and a new railroad (more than 60 km long) passihe territory ofUkraine.[26]


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he Sochi airport, a new terminal has been built and a 3.5 km runway extension is planned, possibly overlappingmta river.[27]Backup airports will be builtin Gelendzhik, MineralnyeVody and Krasnodarby 2009.[28]

he Sochisea port, a new offshore terminal will be constructed 1.5 km from the shore to allow docking forcruise ships

capacities of 3000 passengers.[29]

The cargo terminal ofthe sea portis to be moved from the Sochi centre.

d ways will be detoured, some going around the construction site and others being cut off.[30]

ay 2009 Russian Railways started the construction oftunnel complex No.1 (the total will be six) on the combined ro

omobile and railway) from Adlerto Alpica Service Mountain Resortin Krasnaya Polyana region. The tunnel comple1 is located near Akhshtyr settlementin Adlersky City District, and includes:[31]

y escape tunnel, 2.25 km, to be completed in Q1 2010,y road tunnel, 2153 m, to be completed in Q1 2013,y one-track railway tunnel, 2473 m, to be completed in Q2 2013.sian Railways presidentVladimir Yakunin said the road construction will cost more than 200 billion rubles.

it] Other infrastructure

ds will be spent on construction of 15 modern sport venues and some hotels for 10,300 guests.[32]

The first ofthempic hotels, Zvezdny (Stellar), will be rebuilt anew.

[33]

deration island will be builtin the sea nearthe Lesser Akhun subdistrict ofKhostinsky City District. The island willed like the Russian Federation. It will hold hotels and offices.[34][35]

ificant funds are to be spent on construction of advanced sewage treatment system in Sochi, being designed bypstroy. The system meets BREF standards and employs top available technologies for environment protection,

uding tertiary treatment with microfiltration.[36]

it] Calendar

alendar of events was submitted as part of Sochi's bid. The calendaris subjectto change, and does notinclude anyts that have been or may be added to the programme (such as skicross) afterthe proposed calendar was created.

Openingceremony

Eventcompetitions

1Event finals and medalcount

Exhibitiongala

Closingceremony

February 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Ceremonies

Alpine skiing

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Biathlon

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Bobsleigh

1 1 1


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Cross-country skiing

2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1

Curling

1 1

Figure skating

1 1 1 1

Freestyle skiing

1 1 1 1

Ice hockey

1 1

Luge

1 1 1

Nordic combined

1 1 1

Shorttrack

1 1 2 1 3

Skeleton

1 1

Skijumping

1 1 1

Snowboarding

1 1 2 1 1

Speed skating

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Total medals 5 8 5 5 7 4 5 6 4 5 4 7 5 3 9 2

February 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

it] Additional events

eral events have been submitted by their respective sports federations to be considered forinclusion into the officialram ofthese Olympic Games. The events include:

y Half-pipe skiing[37]y Mixed relay biathlon[38]y Snowboard slopestyle[39]y Team alpine skiing[40] - Was rejected.y Team relay luge[41]y Women's skijumping[37]sport ofBandy could be added to the program as a discipline of skating governed by the International Skating

on.[42]

November 28, 2006, the Executive Board ofthe IOC decided notto include the following sports in the review processe program.

[43]

y Ski mountaineering[44][45]y Ski-orienteering[46]


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y Wintertriathlon[47]

it] Criticism

it] Environment

pite several expert statements[48][49]thatthe construction of Olympic venues in the buffer area ofthe UNESCOected Caucasus Biosphere Reserve and Sochi National Park could be harmful, the IOC approved the plans. Greenpeaussia said thatthe IOC and the Russian Government assume all responsibility for any damage to the WestCaucasusralUNESCO World Heritage Site. According to the Sochi bid, an wide array of construction is planned in theshevyiRidge area. These include a cascade ofhydroelectricpower stations on the Mzymta River, sewage treatment

lities, a high-speed raillink, a Mountain Olympic Village, a track for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton (which was relocatay 2009), and a biathlon venue. Alpine skiing venues are being constructed in the Rosa Khutor plateau and the

hako Ridge area. Environmentalists propose building up Krasnaya Polyana instead of destroying nature reserve sitess for construction of Olympic venues have been criticized by environmentalists as an opportunity to re-zone and

ition the Sochi National Park, to allow sale ofland to the private sector for development.[citation needed]

ironmentalists also oppose the plan of construction of a cargo terminal for ships in the mouth ofthe Psou Riverin thereti Lowland, because this could lead to the destruction ofthe largest areas of sea-flooded shore and marshes.[50]

July 3, 2008, Vladimir Putin directed some ofthe Olympic venues, such as the luge and bobsleigh track, to be relocate Russian National Sliding Centre was relocated in May 2009.). He said "In setting our priorities and choosing betweeey and the environment, we're choosing the environment."[51][52][53]

logist Dr SergeiVolkov has fled to the Ukraine after speaking out about environmental and geological problems. Hems thatmercury and uranium deposits, as well as the probability oflandslides, make the location ofthe games

ardous. He also claims thatthe location of a cargo port was inappropriate. A storm there killed three seamen androyed $14 million ofinfrastructure.[54]

it] Economy

ording to IRN.Ru analytical agency, prices forland, located nextto the shoreline, reach $150,000 per 100 m ,[55] while per square metre in average panelapartment building on the outskirts ofthe city already reaches $2000. "As a result014 Olympics euphoria prices will rise annually by 15-20%," speculates Irina Tyurina, press secretary ofRussianrist Industry Union. This could lead to decrease in touristinterestto Sochi, which already has fallen below Anapa,endzhikand Adler.[32]

rthe IOC Evaluation Commission visited Sochiin February 2007, local authorities promised to buy the lands fromer ImeretiBaylong-time residents for a fair market price. But during the following half a year, no local resident coul

his land approved as private property.[49]

it] Circassians

assian organisations in the Turkey and other small diaspora have also spoken out againstthe Olympics, pointing outthe Games willtake place on land that had been inhabited since 3000 BC by their ancestors until 1864, when thesian-Circassian War, which has been called a genocide, forced 97 percent ofthe Circassians to move to the Ottomanire. Small Minority nationalist groups have not expressed outright opposition to the Olympics but argue that symbolsircassian history and culture should be included in the format, as Australia, United States, and Canada did with theirgenous populations in 2000, 2002, and 2010 respectively.

[56]


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games are viewed to be particularly offensive because they include the date ofthe 150th anniversary of whattheysider a genocide. It has thus been a rallying cry forCircassian nationalists.[57][58]

articular, there is much ire overthe use of a hill called "Red Hill". [59] In 1864, a group ofCircassians apparently tried

rn home but were attacked and a battle ensued, ending in their massacre, and attaining the name "Red Hill" (forthed spilt). There will be skiing and snowboarding on this hill.

it] Political stability and governance

2008 South Ossetia war, which broke out atthe start ofthe 2008 Summer Olympics, surprised the Olympicmunity. "Itis not whatthe world wants to see. Itis contrary to whatthe Olympic ideal stands for," said an IOCesperson.[60] However, in November 2008, the IOCturned down a request by the Georgian National Olympicmitteeto reconsiderits decision to hold the Olympics on the territory adjacent both to the [Russian-] occupiedhaz conflict zone, and to the extremely unstable and volatile North Caucasus.[61]

ted concerns persist, regarding the region's safety and the desirability of hosting an Olympics in a conflict-ridden zone region is such a muddied and bloodied aquarium of conflictthatto pick out any one fish is impossible," says Oleg

hiporenko, chief analyst forRussia's National Anti-Terrorist and Anti-CriminalFund, in response to a May 26, 2010bombing, whose suspects include Russian nationalists, localmafia groups, Islamistsin the North Caucasus, or anant ofthe warin Abhazia

[62]

hi borders Russia's six autonomous North Caucasus republics, home ofthe Chechen wars and all of whom face "seveal problems that stem from massive unemployment and bad governance".[63]Russian Envoy to the North Caucasus

xander Khloponintold locallaw enforcementthat"the violent scramble for assets"is likely to get worse as Russiasts heavily in touristinfrastructure and Olympic-caliber ski resorts.[64]

10 Commonwealth amesWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

p to:navigation, search

XIX Commonwealth ames


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Logo of 2010 Commonwealth Games

Host city New Delhi, India

Motto Come o t an

!

play

Nations

participating71 Commonwealth Teams

Athletes

participating6,081

Events 272 events in 21 disciplines

[1]

Opening ceremony 3 October

Closing ceremony 14 October

Officially opened

by

Prince Charles, Prince of Wales and

Pratibha Patil, President of India

Athlete's Oath Abhinav Bindra

Queen's Baton

Final RunnerSushil Kumar

Main Stadium Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium

Website cwgdelhi2010.org

2010 Commonwealth Games

y Venues


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y Theme songy Concerns and controversiesy Queen's Baton Relayy Opening ceremonyy Participating nationsy Medaltable (medalists)y Event calendary Closing ceremony

2010 Commonwealth ames, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth ames, were held in Delhi, India, from14 October 2010. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports272 events. It was the largestinternationalmulti-sport eventto be staged in Delhi and India, eclipsing the Asian Gam951 and 1982.

opening and closing ceremonies were held atthe Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium ofthe event. It was thtime thatthe Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time it was held in Asia afterKuala Lumpur,

aysiain 1998. The official mascot ofthe Games wasShera and the official song ofthe Games, "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeetocomposed by celebrated Indian musician A.R. Rahman.The commonwealth games Delhi 2010 were the most

ensive gaming event ever.The budget reached 157,731,000,000$. Which includes Flyover construction,Roadsstruction,New Airport Terminal construction,Stadiums construction.

[2]

ally, several concerns and controversies surfaced before the start ofthe Games. Despite these concerns, all memberons ofthe Commonwealth of Nations participated in the event, exceptFiji, which is suspended from themonwealth, and Tokelau, which didn't send a team. A widely-praised opening ceremony helped improve the image o

Games.[3][4] The concerns raised during the buildup to the Games proved largely unfounded as most events progressedothly. The finalmedaltally was led by Australia. The host nation India gave its strongest performance yetto emergend, while England placed third. The day afterthe conclusion ofthe Games, the Indian Government announced theation of a specialinvestigation committee to probe the allegations of corruption and mismanagementthat had marre

buildup to the Games.[5][6]

Contents

[hide]

y 1 Biddingy 2 Organisation

o 2.1 Organising committeeo 2.2 Costso 2.3 Transporto

2.4 Green Gameso 2.5 Other preparation

y 3 Symbolso 3.1 Mascoto 3.2 Official song

y 4 Queen's Baton relayy 5 Calendary 6 Opening ceremonyy 7 Sports


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o 7.1 Medaltabley 8 Terrorist attack plansy 9 Closing ceremonyy 10 Participating nationsy 11 Venuesy 12 Concerns and controversies

o 12.1 Formation of dedicated investigation committeey 13 Long-term impacty 14 See alsoy 15 Referencesy 16 Externallinks

dding

two principal bids forthe 2010 Commonwealth Games were from Delhi, India and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. A

ot of members was held in November 2003 atthe Commonwealth Games Federation General Assembly in Montego

, Jamaica. Delhi bid won by a margin of 46 votes to 22, confirming India's first successful bid forthe Games. The bidCanada's attemptto hold the games forthe fifth time.

[7][8][9]India's bid motto was NewFrontiers andFriendships.

[10]

a shifted the balance in its favourin the second round of voting with a promise thatit would provide US$100,000 toparticipating country, along with airtickets, boarding, lodging and transport.[11] The successful2003 Afro-Asian

es held in Hyderabad was also seen as having showed India has the resources, infrastructure and technical know-howtage a big sporting event. India also thanked LatifButt, former vice president ofthe Olympic Council of Asia, for his

ortin the winning bid, by saying, "You played a vital role in the Commonwealth Games 2010 being allotted to Indiah actions are worthy of emulation by all concerned in Pakistan and India. I have no doubtthatif both sides continue tby such ideals, one day, soonerthan later our generations to come will reap the benefits of and be gratefulto thoseing such contributions. You would certainly be such person."

[10]The Indian government stated thatit would underwr

total cost ofthe Games.[12]

ganisation

This section may need to be updated. Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly availableinformation, and remove this template when finished. Please see the talk page for more information. (October2010)

anising committee

organisation was beset by delays:in January 2010, the Indian Olympic Association vice-chairman Raja Randhir Sing

essed concern that Delhi was not up to speed in forming and organising its games committee and, following a 2009

an Government report showing two thirds of venues were behind schedule, Commonwealth Games Federationident Mike Fennell stated thatthe slow progress of preparations represented a serious riskto the event.

[13]Singh calle

a revamp ofthe games' organising committees:[14]Jarnail Singh, a former Secretary ofthe Government of India, was

ointed as the Chief Executive Officer and Indian Olympic Association presidentSuresh Kalmadi was appointed as hee committee.[15] In spite of delays and the corruption cases levied on the organisors, commentators stated thatthey

e confidentthat India will successfully hostthe games and do so on time.[16][17]

he launch ofthe Queens Baton Relay in October 2009, the Business Club of India (BCI) was formed through thenership ofthe organising committee, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Federation of Indian Chambe


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ommerce and Industry (FICCI). The BCI was formed to both market the Games and promote Indian business interesrnationally.

[18]

ts

inal 3, Indira Gandhi International Airport

initial total budget estimated by Indian Olympic Association in 2003 for hosting the Games was 16.2 billion

$364.5 million) but escalated official total budget estimation in 2010 became 115 bn ($2.6 B), which excludes non-ts-related infrastructure development in the city such as airports, city beautification and roads.[19]Business Today

azine estimated that the Games cost 300 bn ($6.8 bn).[20]

The 2010 Commonwealth Games are the most expensiveing event ever .[21]

nsport

her information: Transport in Delhi

d Transport, Delhi

hi a four-lane flyway, 2.2 km stretch from Lodhi Road to trans-Yamuna, linking the Games Village to the Jawaharlalru Stadiumwas constructed which reduced the travelling time between thevillage and the Stadium to six minutes.


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hi Metro

hi Gurgaon Expressway, Delhi

esponse to concerns overthe large number oftrains that pass by the Delhi metropolitan region daily, construction ofunder-bridges and over-bridges along railway lines have been completed. To expand road infrastructure, flyovers,

erleaf flyovers, and bridges were builtto improve links forthe Games and city in general. Road-widening projects haun with an emphasis being placed on expanding national highways. To improve traffic flow on existing roads, plans aerway to make both the inner and outerRing roads signal free.

upportits commitmentto mass transport, nine corridors have been identified and are being constructed as High

acity Bus Systems (for example, one from Ambedkar Nagarto Red Fort). Six ofthese corridors are expected to beationalin 2010. Additionally, The Delhi Metro had been expanded to accommodate more people and boostthe use o

lic transport during the 2010 games. The metro has extended to Gurgaon and theNoida area. Forthis large increase insize ofthe network, Delhi Metro had deployed 14 tunnel boring machines.[22]

ra Gandhi International Airportis being modernised, expanded, and upgraded. Costing nearly $1.95 billion, Terminalimproved airport passenger capacity to more than 37 million passengers a year by 2010. A new runway has beenstructed, allowing for more than 75 flights an hour. At more than 4400 metres long, it will be one of Asia's longest.

airport has been connected to the city via a six-lane expressway (Delhi Gurgaon Expressway) and the $580 millionhi Airport Metro Expressline.[23]

en Games

o forthe Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games being recognised as the first ever"Green Commonwealth Games"


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organisers signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the United Nations Environment Programme to shointention to host a "sustainable games" and to take the environmentinto consideration when constructing and

vating venues. Thyagaraj Stadium is intended to be a key example of environmentally considered construction.

pposition to this intention, a number of environmental controversies arose and the adverse ecologicalimpact of variocts ofthe games have been protested by city residents.

[24][25]City residents filed a public interest petition to the

reme Court of India againstthe felling of 'heritage' trees in the SiriFort area to make way for Games facilities. Thet appointed architectCharles Correato assess the impact and he severely criticised the designs on ecologicalnds.[26] In spite ofthis, in April 2009 the Supreme Court allowed the construction on the grounds that"much time hadlost" and "the damage already caused to the environment could not be undone".

[27][28]

Commonwealth Games village, located on the flood plains ofthe Yamuna, has also been the subject of controversiesutthe flouting of ecological norms.[29] After a prolonged legal battle between city residents and the state, constructionpermitted to continue on the basis of an order ofthe Supreme Court of India in July 2009, which held thattheernment had satisfied the requirements of"due process ofthe law" by issuing public notice ofits intention to beginstruction workin September 1999 (a date four years priorto the acceptance of Delhi's bid forthe games).

[30]

er preparation

reparation for an influx of English-speaking tourists forthe Games, the Delhi governmentis implementing a programh English, and the necessary skills for serving tourists, to key workerssuch as cab drivers, security workers, waitersers, and service staff. In the two years priorto the Games 2,000 drivers were taught English. The program aims to tea0 people English per month in the hope of reaching all key workers by March 2010. In addition to Delhi, the Indianernment plans to expand the program to teach people in localtourist destinations in other parts of India.

[31]

repare forthe energy-usage spike during the Games and to end chronicpower cutsin Delhi, the governmentisertaking a large power-production initiative to increase power production to 7,000 MW (from the current 4,500 MW)

chieve this goal, the government plans to streamline the power distribution process, direct additional energy to Delhiconstruct new power plants. In fact, the government has promised that by the end of 2010, Delhi will have a surplus o

er.

[32]

ddition to physical preparation, India will offer free accommodation for all athletes atthe Games Village, as well as frsport and other benefits, such as a free trip to the famed Taj Mahal and a reserved lane for participants on selectedways.[33] The Games Village will house over 8,000 athletes and officials forthe Games. Indian states willtrain statece forces to handle tourist-related issues and deploy them priorto the Games. A large-scale construction andutification" project has resulted in the demolition of hundreds of homes and the displacement of city dwellersatlea

,000 of New Delhis 160,000 homeless people have removed from shelters, some of which have been demolished.[34][

boo screens have been erected around city slums to separate visitors from the sights ofthe slums,[36] a practice whichan rights campaigners have deemed dishonest and immoral.

[37]

Delhi High Courtis setto implement a series of"mobile courts"to be dispatched throughout Delhito relocate migran

gars from Delhi streets. The mobile courts would consider each beggar on a case-by-case basis to determine whethertgar should be sent backto his/her state of residence, or be permitted to remain in government-shelters.

[38]

mbols

scot


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official mascot forthe 2010 Commonwealth Games is Shera, an anthropomorphisedtiger.[39]

His name comes fromer", a hindi word meaning tiger (Hindi"Bagh" means tiger. However, Sheris colloquially used for both lion and tiger

logo and the look forthe games were designed by Idiom Design and Consulting.There is one song for Shera alsoposed by the popular composer of INDIA the song contains initiative "Shera Shera"[40]

mascot Shera is visiting many schools across Delhito create enthusiasm and interest forthe Commonwealth Games

g held .

icial song

n article:Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto

official song ofthe 2010 Commonwealth Games "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto" was composed and performed by the Indianician A. R. Rahman.[41] The song's title is based on the slogan ofthe games, "Come out and play". The song is pennedehboobin Hindi with a sprinkling of English words. It was released on 28 August 2010. The music video, directed b

rath Bala was released on 23 September and featured a shorter version ofthe song. A. R. Rahman also gave a livecert forthe theme song in Gurgaon , Haryana which was previewed on various news channels . The official video oft

has been released on youtube .

een's Baton relay

Queen's Baton Relay began when the baton, which contains Queen Elizabeth II's message to the athletes, leftkingham Palace on 29 October 2009. The baton arrived atthe 2010 Games opening ceremony on 3 October 2010, aftting the other 54 nations ofthe Commonwealth and travelling throughout India, reaching millions of people tojoin in

celebrations forthe Games.The baton arrived in India on 25 June 2010 through the Wagah Border crossing fromistan.[42]

baton was designed by MichaelFoley, a graduate ofthe National Institute of Design.[43] Itis a triangular section ofinium twisted into a helix shape and then coated with coloured soils collected from allthe regions of India. The

ured soils are a first forthe styling of a Queen's Baton. Ajewel-encrusted box was used to house the Queen's messagch was laser-engraved onto a miniature 18 carat gold leafrepresentative ofthe ancient Indian 'patras. The Queen'sn is ergonomically contoured for ease of use. Itis 664 millimetres (26.1 in) high, 34 millimetres (1.3 in) wide atthe, and 86 millimetres (3.4 in) wide atthe top and weighs 1,900 grams (67 oz).

Queen's baton has a number oftechnological features including:

y The ability to capture images and soundy Global positioning system (GPS) technology so the baton's location can be trackedy Embedded light emitting diodes (LEDs) which will change into the colours of a countrys flag whilstin that couny A text messaging capability so that people can send messages of congratulations and encouragementto the baton

bearers throughoutthe relay

lendar

official calendar forthe 2010 Commonwealth Games is as follows.[44]Click on the blue dots in the table to read abouindividual events.

Opening ceremony Event competitions Event finals Closing ceremony


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October 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Gold

edalsVenue

Ceremonies

Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium

Aquatics

56SPM Swimming Pool

Complex

Archery

8 Yamuna Sports Comple

Athletics

52Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium

India Gate

Badminton

6 SiriFort Sports Complex

Boxing

10 Talkatora Stadium

Cycling

18I. G. Indoor Stadium

Complex & India Gate

Gymnastics


Complex

Hockey

2Maj. Dhyan Chand Nation

Stadium

Lawn bowls

6 Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium

Netball

1 Thyagaraj Sports Comple

Rugby sevens

1 Delhi University Stadium

Shooting

36Dr. Karni Singh Shootin

Range


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Squash

5 SiriFort Sports Complex

Table tennis

8 Yamuna Sports Comple

Tennis

5 R.K. Khanna TennisComplex

Weightlifting

17 Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium

Wrestling


Complex

TotalGoldedals

8 18 28 35 43 31 29 14 21 29 16 272 TotalGold edals

October 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Gold

edalsVenue

ening ceremony

n article:2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony

opening ceremony ofthe 2010 Commonwealth Games was held atthe Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium event, inNew Delhi, India. It began at 7:00 PM (IST) on 3 October 2010 ending at 11:00 PM (IST) displaying India'sed culture in a plethora of cultural showcases. It was watched live by a global audience of around three billion.[45]

ce Charles, Prince of Wales (representing Queen Elizabeth II as Head ofthe Commonwealth) and President of Indiaibha Patil officially declared the Games open.

[46]Prime MinisterManmohan Singh ofthe host nation, India, attended

opening ceremony as well.

tal ofthree heads of state from outside India attended the opening ceremony; two from Commonwealth nations and oa non-Commonwealth nation. The three head of states are Mohamed Nasheed, President ofthe Maldives, Marcushen, President of Nauru and a multiple Commonwealth gold medallist, and Prince Albert II of Monaco, whose countaco is not a member ofthe Commonwealth.[47] As well, Sir Anand Satyanand, the Governor General of New Zealandfirst of Indian descent), attended the ceremony.[48]

orts

re were events in 21 disciplines across 17 sports forthe 2010 Commonwealth Games.


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y Aquatics (details)o Divingo Swimmingo Synchronised

swimming

y Archery(8) (details)y Athletics(46) (details)y Badminton(6) (details)y Boxing(11) (details)

y Cycling (details)o Roado Track

y Gymnastics (details)o Artistic gymnasticso Rhythmic gymnastics

y Hockey(2) (details)y Lawn bowls(6) (details)

y Netball(1) (details)y Rugby sevens(1) (details)y Shooting(44) (details)y Squash(5) (details)y Table tennis(7) (details)y Tennis(5) (details)y Weightlifting(15) (details)y Wrestling(21) (details)

addi was a demonstration sport at the Games.[49]

thlon was excluded from the games as there was no suitable location for the swimming stage.[citation needed] The

nisers have also removedbasketball, but included archery, tennis and wrestling. Cricket, although in strong demand,not make a come-back as the Board of Control for Cricket in India were not keen on a Twenty20 tournament, and the

nisers did not want a one day tournament.[50]

dal table

y the top ten nations by medal rank are shown in this medal table. Nations are ranked first by count of gold medals, ter medals, then bronze medals. For the full medal table, see the mainarticle.

ost nation India

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total

1 Australia 74 55 48 177

2 India 38 27 36 1013 England 37 60 46 143

4 Canada 26 17 33 76

5 South Africa 12 11 10 33

6 Kenya 12 11 9 32

7 Malaysia 12 10 14 36

8 Singapore 11 11 9 31

9 Nigeria 11 8 14 33

10 Scotland 9 10 7 26

Total 272 274 282 828[51]

rrorist attack plans

October 10, 2010, the Indian government received detailed reports from theCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA) thathkar-e-Taiba and Al Qaida were planning to attack a luxury hotel in Delhi and a games venue on October 12 or 13. Inonse, the Federal Government increased security at Delhi's top eight hotels and 80 trucks of sand werechecked "shovhovel" for hidden bombs and grenades.[52]


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osing ceremony

This section requires expansion.

games closed on 14 October in a colourful and appreciated closing ceremony featuring both Indian and Scottish

ormers.[53][54][55]

The Commonwealth Games flag was handed over to representatives ofGlasgow, Scotland, which withe XX Commonwealth Games in 2014. At the closing ceremony, the president of the Commonwealth Games

eration declared that Delhi had hosted a "truly exceptional Games".[56]

rticipating nations

re were 71 participating nations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. AsFiji was suspended from the Commonwealth,banned from participating in the Games.

[57]Rwanda fielded a team for the games for the first time after becoming a

monwealth member in 2009.[58] Numbers of athletes are shown in brackets. Tokelau was initially expected to compedid not do so.

[59][cla" ification needed]

y Anguilla (12)[60]

y Antigua and

Barbuda (17)[61]

y Australia (377)

[62]y Bahamas (24)

[63]y Bangladesh (70)

[64]y Barbados

(39)[65]y Belize (9)[66]y Bermuda (14)[67]y Botswana

(49)[68]

y British Virgin

Islands (2)[69]y Brunei (12)[70]y Cameroon

(20)[71]

y Canada (251)[72]y Cayman Islands

(17)[73]y Cook Islands

(31)[74]y Cyprus (56)[75]y Dominica

(15)[76]

y England (365)

[77]

y FalklandIslands (15)[78]y Gambia (17)[79]y Ghana (64)[80]y Gibraltar

(15)[81]

y Grenada (10)[82]y Guernsey (43)

[83]y Guyana (34)[84]y India (495)y Isle ofMan

(33)[83]

y Jamaica (48)[85]y Jersey (33) [86]y Kenya (136)[87]y Kiribati(17)[88]y Lesotho (10)[89]y Malawi (43)[90]y Malaysia

(203)[91]y Maldives (28)

[92]

y Malta (22) [93]

y Mauritius (55)[94]

y Montserrat (5)[95]y Mozambique (10) [96]y Namibia (30) [97]y Nauru (6)[98]y New Zealand (192)[99]y Nigeria (101) [100]y Niue (24)[101]y Norfolk Island (22)[102]y Northern Ireland (80)[103]y Pakistan (54)[104]y Papua New Guinea

(79)[105]y Rwanda (22) [106]y Saint Helena (4)[107]y Saint Kitts and Nevis

(7)[108]y Saint Lucia (13)[109]y Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines(14)[110]

y Samoa (53)[111]

y Scotland (191)[112]y Seychelles

(26)[113]

y Sierra Leone

(31)[114]

y Singapore (68)

[115]y Solomon Islan

(12)[116]y South Africa

(113)[117]

y Sri Lanka(94)[118]

y Swaziland(11)

[119]

y Tanzania (40)[y Tonga (22)[121]y Trinidad and

Tobago (82) [122]y Turks and Caic

Islands (8)[123]y Tuvalu (3)[124]y Uganda (65) [1y Vanuatu (14)[1y Wales (175) [83y Zambia (22)[12


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ions that competed at the Games

nuesn article: Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games

main venue of the Games, the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium.

nts took place at 12 competition venues. A total of 20 training venues were used in the Games. Of these 20, one wasfor archery; three for aquatics; two for lawn bowls; two for netball; eight for rugby sevens, including seven venues

in Delhi University; two for shooting; one for squash; two for table tennis; one for weightlifting, three for wrestlingtwo for tennis.

[128]

Commonwealth Games Village provided accommodation and training for athletes of the Games, and was opened froeptember to 18 October 2010. It is located along the east bank of the River Yamuna, in proximity to competition anding venues as well as city landmarks, and is spread over an area of 63.5hectares (157 acres). Comprising five main

esthe Residential Zone, the International Zone, the Training Area, the Main Dining and the Operational Zonethees Village, which is a non-smoking zone,

[129]is universally accessible particularly to accommodatepara-sport

etes.[130]

re were three main non-competition venues in the Games, besides the Commonwealth Games Village (seeabove);ely the Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee Headquarters (OC CWG Delhi 2010), the Mainia Centre, and the Games Family Hotel, Hotel Ashok.

ncerns and controversies


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n article: Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games

eral concerns were raised over the preparations of the Games and these included excessive budget overruns,[131]lihood of floods in Delhi due to heavy monsoon rains, infrastructural compromise, poor living conditions at themonwealth Games Village, delays in construction of the main Games' venues,

[132][133]the withdrawal of prominent

etes,[134] widespread corruption by officials of the Games' Organising Committee[135] and possibility of a terrorist atta

ilitants.[136]

2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi was criticized by several prominent Indian politicians and social activists. One outspoken critics of the Games isMani Shankar Aiyar, former Indian Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports. In Ap

7, Aiyar commented that the Games are "irrelevant to the common man" and criticized the Indian government fortioning billions of dollars for the Games even though India requires massive investment in social developmentrams.

[137]In July 2010, he remarked that he would be "unhappy if the Commonwealth Games are successful".

[138]

oon Kothari, leading Indian expert on socio-economic development, questioned the justification of spending billions ars on a 12-day sports event "when 46% of India's children and 55% of women are malnourished".

[139]

cerns raised by Aiyar were echoed by several others in India. Initial concerns about the 2010 Commonwealth Gamesuded delays in completion of projects, poor construction standards, corruptionby Games' Organising Committee

cials and possibility of a terrorist attack. The Indian media also alleged that Games' Organising Committee officialse involved in serious corruption and these allegations included acceptance of bribe during the process of awardingstruction contracts for the Games' venues.[11][140] The Commonwealth Games Organising Committee on 5 August 201ended T S Darbari (joint director in the organising committee) and Sanjay Mahendroo (deputy director general in thnising committee) following the report of the three-member panel which was probing the financial irregularities relae Queen's Baton Relay.[141] Organising Committee treasurer Anil Khanna resigned from the post in the wake of

gations that his son's firm had secured a contract for laying synthetic courts at a tennis stadium.[142] On September 23,#

aily Tele$ % aph UK showed photographs taken of child labour working on the Games sites.[143] There was alsotiple cases of items being rented for the 45 days for more money than it would cost to actually buy the item.[144] In on

case, 72 golf carts were hired for 4.23 lakh (US$9,602.1) each, when they could have been purchased for 1.84(US$4,176.8) each.

[144]

tral Vigilance Commission (CVC), an apex Government of India anti-corruption agency, released a report highlightinncial irregularities in up to fourteen Games projects.

[145]As per CVC report, in total 129 works in 71 organisations ha

inspected.[146]

The preliminary findings include complete lack of involvement of the city and the community ate, award of work contracts at higher prices, poor quality assurance and management, and award of work contracts toigible agencies.

[147]

ks before the start of the Games, Indian media outlets highlighted the poor construction standards at several of then Games venues.[139] In late September 2010, the president of the Commonwealth Games Federation remarked that thes Village were far from completion and needed a "deep clean" and New Zealand's chef de mission evenclaimed tha

Games might not take place given the amount of work to be done.[148] The concerns came to media attention in latetember 2010 after media outlets began reporting on "filthy and unlivable conditions" and taking photos ofpaan stains

excrement in living quarters at the games village. Just a day after these remarks, a footbridge under construction nearNehru Stadium collapsed, injuring 27 and seriously injuring five. On 22 September 2010, some tiles at the wrestlingium's false ceiling caved in; however, there were no reported injuries.

[149]After the start of the games, a large

eboard at the rugby stadium toppled over, though before any competitions had started in the stadium. Security concere highlighted by an Australian TV crew from theSeven Networkwho claimed to have walked past security with acase containing a dummy bomb casing and its detonator on 15 September,[150][151][152][153] although the claim was laterllenged as being 'bogus' and dishonest.

[154][155]Concerns of a terrorist attack were also raised following a gun attack th

place outside the Jama Masjid on 19 September 2010. However, the Indian authorities stated that the shooting was ae-off incident".

[156]


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e opening ceremony, the chairman of Organising Committee, Suresh Kalmadi, faced further embarrassment when hebooed by the Indian spectators atthe start of his welcome speech. The crowd atmosphere otherwise was upbeat,

cially when they offered a warm applause to the neighboring Pakistan squad despite the tense relations between IndiaPakistan.[157]

e than a dozen athletes from Australia and England, mainly swimmers, fellillin the initial days ofthe swimming

petitions. Early suspicions rested on the quality of waterin the swimming pools ofthe SPM Complex, but otherpeting teams, including South Africa, reported no such illness.

[158]Daily water quality tests were being carried out on

water ofthe pools, as mandated by the event standards. Additionaltests were ordered after news ofthe illnesses, butalso did not find anything amiss. The Australian team's chief doctor, Peter Harcourt, ruled thatthe "chances ofthe

lhi] pool being the cause ofthe problem is very remote" and praised the hygiene and food quality in the Delhi Gamesage.

[159]He suggested thatit could be a common case ofTraveler's diarrhea (locally called Delhi belly), orthe

tralian swimmers could have contracted the stomach virus during theirtraining camp in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[159]

lish Olympic and Commonwealth gold-medalist swimmerRebecca Adlington said thatthe water quality was absolut.[160]

notherincident, three Ugandan officials were injured when the carthey were travelling in hit a security wheel stopperGames village.

[161]The chairman ofthe Games' Organising Committee, Suresh Kalmadi, apologized to the Ugandan

h Commissionerto India forthe freak car accident.[162]

negative pre-event publicity and heavy security presence played in partin low spectator attendance during the initialts. Howeverthe numbers picked up as the Games progressed.

mation of dedicated investigation committee

day afterthe conclusion ofthe Games, the Indian Government announced the formation of a special committee toe the allegations of corruption and mismanagement againstthe Organizing Committee. The probe committee will be

by formerComptroller and Auditor General of IndiaVK Shungloo. This probe will be in addition to the CentralBurevestigation, Enforcement Directorate, and CentralVigilance Commissioninvestigations already underway. The Prim

ister of India, Dr Manmohan Singh had promised in mid-August, when reports ofthe bungling first surfaced, thatupt officials will be given "severe and exemplary" punishment afterthe Games. The probe committee is tasked withing into "all aspects of organizing and conducting"the Games, and "to draw lessons from it." It has been given threeths time to submitits report.[5][6] The Indian Sports Ministry has directed the Organizing Committee ofthe 2010monwealth Games (led by Suresh Kalmadi), to not release any staffer from their positions tillthe probe committee's

kis finished.

ng-term impact

a is largely a single-sport country, with cricket far outstripping all other sports in terms ofthe talent, sponsorships,tator support, and media attention it receives. The Indian cricketteamis currently (15 October 2010) ranked world

ber one in Test cricket.[163] There have been worthy world-level contenders in some sports, like Vishwanathan Anandhess, orPrakash Padukone and Saina Nehwalin Badminton, butthey have been the exception ratherthan the.[citation needed]Hockey was a popular sporttillthe early 1980s, but a crushing defeat by Pakistan in the finals ofthe 19n Games, followed quickly by India winning the 1983 Cricket World Cup, shifted the balance in cricket's favour.

[citat

d] One ofthe important aims of hosting the Commonwealth Games was to build world-class athletics infrastructurein the nation, expose audiences to top-level non-cricket competition, and encourage the youth to "Come out and."[

citation needed]Building a sporting culture thatlooks beyond cricketis seen as an importanttask for a country which wirst everindividual Olympic gold medal only in 2008, despite having the world's second-largest population.[164]


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d Sebastian Coe, former Olympic Champion and chairman ofthe 2012 London OlympicsOrganising Committee, wase stadium during the 4x400m women's relay, and witness to the deafening cheers forthe racers. He described it as

entially the momentthat could change the course of athletics in Asia, the momentthat could inspire thousands ofle who'd never even seen an athletics track before to getinvolved." He added that"To build a truly global capacity in

t, you have to take it round the world - out of your own backyard. That means taking risks and facing challenges, butto be done."[160]

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