industrialization and urbanization in canada in the late 1800s
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Industrialization and Urbanization in Canada in the late 1800s. Industrialization. Industrialization = industry = factories 2 phases of industrialization in Canada : Phase 1 1860-1900 Phase 2 1901-1929 1870-1901 : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Industrialization and Urbanization in Canada in the late 1800s
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Industrialization• Industrialization = industry = factories• 2 phases of industrialization in Canada:– Phase 1 1860-1900– Phase 2 1901-1929
• 1870-1901:– The National Policy helps Canadian factories do
well protects them against U.S. competition
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Industrialization
• Artisans make things one at a time
• Before the mid 1800s• Factories makes lots
of things very fast• MASS PRODUCTION• After the mid 1800s
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Industrialization
• Industries / factories started using STEAM ENGINES
• Steam engines made machines work FAST• LOTS of products can be made in one day• Steam engines needed lots of coal to power
them
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Artisans no machines
Before the first stage of industrialization
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From Artisans to Industrialization
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IndustrializationHow did industrialization happen?Ingredients:1. Cheap labour (workers) immigrants / french
Canadians were people who worked for little money2. Capital($$$) money to invest in companies3. Raw materials (wood, leather, etc.)4. Transportation Railways / boats5. Energy Coal / steam engines6. A place to sell the products
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Industrialization
• Who profited from industrialization?• In Québec: Montréal• big city with a large population « cheap labour » • Railways that connect with the rest of Canada, • A port to ship products by boat • Rich people that can invest money in industries
(usually English people)• The province of Ontario (Toronto) also benefits a
lot
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Montreal access to ports and railways
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Factories Using machines powered by steam engines
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Stitching collars on mens’ shirts (Montreal)
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Large factory in Montreal
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Machines powered by steam engines
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Investing money:Montreal Stock Exchange& Banks
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Industrialization Recap• Technology used in factories = STEAM ENGINES
worked using coal• Investments = Rich English men• Transportation = Railway and boats• Locations for factories = BIG CITIES LIKE MONTREAL• What kinds of factories? Leather, clothing, textiles,
furniture, metalworks, steel• Sell to who? Canadians all over Canada• Workers = IMMIGRANTS & FRENCH CANADIANS = • “CHEAP LABOUR”
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Year People working in industry
Total population of Quebec
Percentage of workers in industry
1831 15,600 890,000 1.8%
1861 25,300 1,112,000 2.3%
1871 39,000 1,192,000 3.3%
1881 53,700 1,359,000 4.0%
1891 73,600 1,489,000 4.9%
1901 129,000 1,649,000 7.8%
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Urbanization
• Urbanization = Urban = Cities = People moving to cities
• Cities getting bigger• Industrialization = more jobs in cities = more
workers needed • No work in rural areas (farms) people move
to cities to work in factories• Industrialization made people move to cities
faster
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Urbanization• Living in cities difficult life for most people in
late 1800s• Living conditions in cities were bad (1870s-
1901)• Poor hygienic conditions• City services are not great garbage
collection, sewer system, outdoor toilets.