unit two industrialization, immigration and urbanization
TRANSCRIPT
Unit TwoIndustrialization, Immigration and Urbanization
Natural ResourcesThe U.S. following the Civil War, and still today, had a wealth of natural resources. How did this abundance of raw materials help promote industrialization?
Growing Urban Population
More and more people began to move into cities following the Civil War. How did this migration of people help cause rapid industrialization?
Government Support
In the late 1800s, the government was favorable toward business interests. How did this support help industry grow rapidly?
President William McKinley
InventionsNumerous life changing inventions were developed following the Civil War. How did these new technologies help promote industrial growth?
EntrepreneursFollowing the Civil War, many entrepreneurs, or businessmen, emerged and made great profits from industry. How did men like Carnegie and Rockefeller help industry develop in the U.S.?
Railroads
Railroads expanded greatly after the Civil War. What role did railroads play in industrial growth?
The economic development of the United States between 1870 and 1950 helped produce the results shown in the graph above. The trend shown in the graph is
A. increased urbanization.B. decreased immigration. C. advances in communication. D. reduced population growth.
Essential Question:
What common characteristics can be found in the early “titans of industry”?
Top 10 Largest American Companies (2006)
Company Industry1 Wal-Mart Retailing
2 Exxon-Mobil Oil and Gas Operations
3 General Motors Automobile
4 Chevron Oil and Gas Operations
5 Ford Motor Co. AUtomobile
6 ConocoPhillips Oil and Gas OPerations
7 General Electric Conglomerates
8 Citigroup Banking
9 AIG Insurance
10 IBM Software and Services
Questions:1. What are the three largest American
companies?2. Which industry is the represented the
most on the top 10 list?3. Why is Wal-Mart the largest American
company when it sells everything cheaper?
4. Which companies do you think are on the rise? On the fall?
Essential Question:
How did the “titans of industry” build their business empires?
Andrew CarnegieSteel Industrycreated a monopoly
horizontal integrationvertical integration
What is a monopoly?when a business is able to control all aspects in a particular industry and eliminate competition to maximize profit
How do they do it?horizontal integration-business buys out the competition
ex: AT&T buys out T-Mobile
verical integration-business buys out the suppliers
ex: oil companies
Horizontal and Vertical Integration
Impacts of MonopoliesPro:● allowed for major
growth of industry● huge profits were
made
Cons:● competition was
destroyed (prices were higher and choices were limited)
● created a large gap between the owners and the workers
Why were monopolies allowed?
● hands off business policies of the government (laissez-faire)
● close ties between business leaders and government leaders
Economic Impacts of Big Business
● U.S. becomes the leading industrial power in the world.
● Despite poor conditions, more people are earning more money than before.
● Industrialization grows as more people have more money to buy goods.
What conditions led to the creation of labor unions?
What were working conditions in the late 1800s?
12 or more hours per daysix days a week (sometimes 7)no vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation, reimbursement for injuries while on the jobinjuries commonfactories—dirty, poorly ventilated, poorly lit, faulty equipmentrepetitive tasks
How did the titans of industry justify these conditions?
social darwinism• based on work of Charles Darwin• some individual’s flourish and pass on their traits to
the next generation; others do not• natural selection• justifies a hands-off approach• appealed to the Protestant work ethic“riches were a sign of God’s favor and therefore the poor must be lazy or inferior people who deserved
their lot in life”
So--what did workers do?They formed unions.
2 kinds of labor unions:craft unionismindustrial unionism
What were they hoping to accomplish?
Knights of Labor “An injury to one is the concern of all.” membership open to all workers worked for an 8-hour workday and “equal pay for equal work”
American Federation of Labor (AFL) all skilled workers collective bargaining used strikes
collective bargainingnegotiation between representatives of labor and management to reach written agreements on wages, hours and working conditions
Strikes of the late 1800sThe Great Strike of 1877
The Haymarket Affair
The Homestead Strike
The Pullman Strike
Workers Unite to Strike
The Haymarket Affair
The Pullman Strike
The Homestead Strike
socialismeconomic and political system based on
government control of business and property and an equal distribution of
wealth
Eugene DebsIndustrial Workers of the World
(IWW)