industrial revolution and romanticism
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
1/40
Industrial Revolution,
Romanticism, and individual
consciousness
• We saw how with the Scottish literary
revival looked for the authentic plowman poet who performed and consolidated a
Scottish identity and created a folk identity
for a Anglo-American audience precisely ata moment of social change (industrial,
political, and cultural!
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
2/40
Industrial Revolution,
Romanticism, and individual
consciousness• With William "lake we see a similar attention to
these changes• In "lake#s time, changes in childhood,
instruction, led to new modes of instruction for
children (similar to Wollstonecroft#s concern for
the education of women there was $eginningthought on the education of children and
children as having special developmental needs!
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
3/40
William "lake
• Songs of Innocence and
of Experience
• %Shewing the twocontrary states of the
&uman Soul'
• mostly composed during
)*+-+ in **assem$led an
authoritative print of the
$ook
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
4/40
Songs of Innocence and of
Experience• An attempt to
articulate the changes
of individualconsciousness
• via antithesis
• in the contet of
modern .ngland
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
5/40
Songs of Innocence and of
Experience• A scene of instruction
• mother and child
• reading
• tree of knowledge
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
6/40
Blake v. Isaac Watts (1715)
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
7/40
Songs of Innocence and of
Experience• /he 0ittle "lack "oy
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
8/40
Songs of Innocence and of
Experience• /he .cchoing 1reen
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
9/40
Songs of Innocence and of
Experience
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
10/40
Holy !"rsday
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
11/40
2oison /ree
• 2sychology of guile
and deception
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
12/40
0ondon
• Social 2ortrait of city
mentality
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
13/40
Sick rose
• Seual secrecy
• invisi$ility
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
14/40
William Wordsworth
• ))3-*43
• $orn in the 0ake
5istrict in 6orthern
.ngland
• 7am$ridge .ducated
• )+3s $ecomes a
%fervant democrat' $utcools off of
revolutionary politics
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
15/40
William Wordsworth• 8eets 7oleridge in the
)+3s $egins
colla$oration that would
revolutioni9e .nglish
poetry
• #yrical Ballads ()+*
• opens with %/he Rime
Ancient 8ariner' andcloses with %0ines Written
a$ove /intern A$$ey'
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
16/40
William Wordsworth
• 8ost great poetry
written $etween )+*-
*3)
• *: named 2oetlaureate
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
17/40
William Wordsworth
• /he world is too much
with us
• Steam$oats, ;iaducts,
and Railways
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
18/40
Wordsworth#s dou$le poetic
agenda• from %2reface to #yrical Ballads'
• I have said that
poetry is thespontaneousoverfow opowerul eelings: it
takes its origin romemotion recollectedin tranquillity:
• the emotion iscontemplated till by aspecies o reaction the
tranquillity graduallydisappears, and an
emotion, kindred tothat which was beorethe subject o
contemplation,isgradually produced,and does itsel actuallyexist in the mind
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
19/40
Wordsworth#s dou$le poetic
agenda•
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
20/40
.amples in the poems• %I wander#d lonely as a
cloud'• =or oft, when on my couch I lie
• In vacant or in pensive mood,
• /hey flash upon that inward eye
• Which is the $liss of solitude>
• And then my heart with pleasure
fills,
• And dances with the daffodils
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
21/40
Strange =its of 2assion
• In one of those sweet dreams
I slept,
• ?ind 6ature@s gentlest $oon
• And all the while my eyes I
kept
• hoof
after hoof • &e raised, and never
stoppedB
• When down $ehind the
cottage roof,
• At once, the $right moon
dropped!
• What fond and wayward
thoughts will slide
• Into a 0over@s head
• C< mercyC to myself I
cried,
• CIf 0ucy should $e deadC
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
22/40
/intern A$$eyD /hese $eauteous forms,
• /hrough a long a$sence, have not $een to me
• As is a landscape to a $lind man@s eyeB
• "ut oft, in lonely rooms, and @mid the din
•
• And passing even into my purer mind,
• With tranEuil restorationB--feelings too
•
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
23/40
/intern A$$ey• that serene and $lessed mood,
• In which the affections gently lead us on,--
• Fntil, the $reath of this corporeal frame
• And even the motion of our human $lood
• Almost suspended, we are laid asleep
• In $ody, and $ecome a living soulB
• While with an eye made Euiet $y the power
•
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
24/40
/intern A$$ey• 8ay I $ehold in thee what I was once,
• 8y dear, dear Sister and this prayer I make,• ?nowing that 6ature never did $etray
• /he heart that loved her> @tis her privilege,
• /hrough all the years of this our life, to lead
• =rom Goy to GoyB for she can so inform
• /he mind that is within us, so impress
• With Euietness and $eauty, and so feed• With lofty thoughts, that neither evil tongues,
• Rash Gudgments, nor the sneers of selfish men,
• 6or greetings where no kindness is, nor all /he dreary
intercourse of daily life,
• Shall e@er prevail against us, or distur$
•
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
25/40
Second part of the agenda
• %/he language of
prose may yet $e well
adapted to poetryHand no essential
difference'
• natural su$Gects in
states of ecitement
• Solitary Reaper
• Will no one tell me what she sings-
• 2erhaps the plaintive num$ers flow
• =or old, unhappy, far-off things,
• And $attles long agoB
•
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
26/40
Second part of the agenda
• %/he language of
prose may yet $e well
adapted to poetryHand no essential
difference'
• natural su$Gects in
states of ecitement
• Solitary Reaper
• Whate@er the theme, the 8aiden
sang
• As if her song could have noending>
• I saw her singing at her work,
• And o@er the sickle $ending>--
• I listened, motionless and still>
• And, as I mounted up the hill
• /he music in my heart I $ore,
• 0ong after it was heard no more!
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
27/40
Samuel /aylor 7oleridge
• ))J-*:
• Wordsworth#s $rilliant
colla$orator
• advocate of the power
of the imagination, of
the mind as creative in
perception
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
28/40
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
29/40
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
30/40
?u$la ?han
• /he following fragment is here pu$lished at the reEuest of a poet of
great and deserved cele$rity K0ord "yronL, and, as far as the Author@s
own opinions are concerned, rather as a psychological curiosity, than
on the ground of any supposed poetic merits!
• In the summer of the year )+), the Author, then in ill health, had
retired to a lonely farm-house $etween 2orlock and 0inton, on the
.moor confines of Somerset and 5evonshire! In conseEuence of a
slight indisposition, an anodyne had $een prescri$ed, from the effects
of which he fell asleep in his chair at the moment that he was reading
the following sentence, or words of the same su$stance, in 2urchas@s
2ilgrimageB MM&ere the ?han ?u$la commanded a palace to $e $uilt,
and a stately garden thereunto! And thus ten miles of fertile ground
were inclosed with a wall!@@
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
31/40
?u$la ?han
• /he Author continued for a$out three hours in a profound sleep, at least of theeternal senses, during which time he has the most vivid confidence, that he could
not have composed less than from two to three hundred lines> if that indeed can $e
called composition in which all the images rose up $efore him as things, with a
parallel production of the correspondent epressions, without any sensation or
consciousness of effort!
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
32/40
?u$la ?han• /hen all the charm
• Is $roken--all that phantom-world so fair
• ;anishes, and a thousand circlets spread,
• And each mis-shape the other! Stay awile,
• 2oor youth who scarcely dar@st lift up thine eyes--
• /he stream will soon renew its smoothness, soon
• /he visions will return And lo, he stays,
• And soon the fragments dim of lovely forms
• 7ome trem$ling $ack, unite, and now once more
• /he pool $ecomes a mirror!
• Net from the still surviving recollections in his mind, the Author has freEuently purposed to finish for
himself what had $een
• originally, as it were, given to him! B $ut the to-morrow is yet to come!
• As a contrast to this vision, I have anneed a fragment of a very different character, descri$ing with
eEual fidelity the dream of • pain and disease!
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
33/40
Oohn ?eats• )+4-*J
• son of a 0ondon sta$leman
• took up poetry at *
• studied medicine
• *+ was producing great
works and gaining recognition• "ecomes ill with consumption
• 5ies in Rome in search of
health
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
34/40
1eorge 1ordon, 0ord "yron• )**-*J
• most popular and dashing of
Romantic figures
• created mythic hero
• "yronic hero alien,
mysterious, gloomy, superior
• self-reliant re$el, eile
• seual scandals follow him
• dies in 1reece fighting the
/urks
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
35/40
2ercy "ysshe Shelley
• )+J-*JJ
• radical nonconformist
always taking up radical
causes
• &arriet West$rook
• 8ary Wollstonecraft 1odwin
flees to =rance with her
• a life of eile
• 5ies in $oating acccident in2isa
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
36/40
• And on the pedestal these words appearB
• C8y name is
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
37/40
=elicia 5orothea &emans
• )+: - *:4
• precocious daughter of
0iverpool merchants• died at
• very popular
• known for her piecesthat $ecame standard
recitation pieces
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
38/40
7asa$ianca
• /he $oy stood on the $urning deck
• Whence all $ut he had fled>
• /he flame that lit the $attle@s wreck
• Shone round him o@er the dead!
• Net $eautiful and $right he stood,
• As $orn to rule the storm>
• A creature of heroic $lood,
• A proud, though child-like form!
• /he flames rolled onhe would
not go
• Without his =ather@s word>
• /hat father, faint in death $elow,• &is voice no longer heard!
• &e called aloud@say, =ather, say
• If yet my task is done@
• &e knew not that the chieftain
lay
• Fnconscious of his son!
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
39/40
7asa$ianca
• @Speak, father@ once again he
cried,
• @If I may yet $e gone@
•And $ut the $ooming shotsreplied,
• And fast the flames rolled on!
• Fpon his $row he felt their $reath,
• And in his waving hair,• And looked from that lone post of
death
• In still yet $rave despair!
• And shouted $ut once more aloud,
• @8y father must I stay@
• While o@er him fast, through sail
and shroud,• /he wreathing fires made way!
• /hey wrapt the ship in splendour
wild,
• /hey caught the flag on high,• And streamed a$ove the gallant
child,
• 0ike $anners in the sky!
-
8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism
40/40
7asa$ianca
• /here came a $urst of thunder
sound
• /he $oyoh where was he
• Ask of the winds that far around• With fragments strewed the sea
• With mast, and helm, and pennon
fair,
• /hat well had $orne their part• "ut the no$lest thing which
perished there
• Was that young faithful heart!
• 6otesB
• !Noung 7asa$ianca, a $oy
a$out thirteen years old, son ofthe admiral of the