indigenous perspectives of climate change and adaptation in ne arnhem land lisa petheram dr natasha...
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Indigenous perspectives of climate change and adaptation in NE Arnhem Land
Lisa PetheramDr Natasha Stacey (CDU)
Prof Bruce Campbell (CGIAR)Dr Chris High (Open Uni)
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The PhD project
• Cat Tien National Park - Vietnam: PES
• NE Arnhem Land - Australia: Climate change adaptation
“Visual techniques to facilitate learning and communication in natural resource
management”
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Aims of the climate change case study
• To encourage learning & communication on climate change perceptions, observations & adaptation preferences-understanding
- communication- knowledge sharing - community empowerment-community direction
• BROADER AIM: To understand factors important in integrating indigenous perspectives into climate change adaptation policy
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Conceptual framework
• Broad epistemology - ‘constructivism’ (Berger & Luckman 1967)
• ‘Social learning’ theory (Leeuwis 2002)
• Deliberate facilitation of learning processes
• VISUAL: Visual sociology & anthropology, communication, participation, learning, community development
• CLIMATE CHANGE: Adaptation, disaster & hazard, geography, development
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CC Adaptation• ‘a set of actions & decision making processes’
(Nelson et al 2007)
• mitigation & adaptation
• WHO/WHAT? - Goals differ depending on who or
what is adapting. Imposed by government or local groups or individuals
• WHEN? Anticipatory or reactive. Short term, long term.
• 1st Generation & 2nd Generation Adaptation studies (Burton et al 2002) Infrastructure/technology Biophysical/Social-ecological?
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Why remote Indigenous perspectives?
• Only 2.5% of Australia’s population, but own and occupy large expanses of the country’s remote areas so their adaptation strategies will have a significant impact on Australia’s environment and economy
• Indigenous coastal communities are considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change impacts.
• Relatively unexplored area of study
• Policy that integrates local preferences is more likely to be effective (and have greater adherence) (IIED 2009)
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Field work
Gove PeninsulaNE Arnhem Land
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1) Ways people value their landscape2) Perceived current issues & concerns3) Perceptions of climate change4) Observations of climate change5) Perceived impacts of climate change on community6) Preferences for adaptation
Field research focus
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Fieldwork
• Workshops and interviews• Field transect walks/drives
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- Rich picture diagrammingVisual techniques
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Visual techniques- Participatory sculpting
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Visual techniques- Participatory generated photography (‘photovoice’)
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Visual techniques- Photo & video elicitation
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Visual techniques- Seasonal calendar analysis
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- Video workVisual techniques
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Visual techniques- Visual choice modelling
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Visual techniques- Interactive DVD ROM creation
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Visual techniques
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Perceptions of CC • Familiarity with the term
• BUT many misconceptions
• Strong interest to learn more
• Deep concern about the way it will threaten country & people
• Desire to raise awareness, especially among children
‘so they know what is happening, what to do and so they don’t get worried’
• BUT also great worry about current poverty issues
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Observed changes• Many changes over last 50 years
• BUT ‘Strange changes’ - particularly last 5 years. Unpredictable and some dramatic
• Climate change, mining, development, recreation & pollution, spirits?
• Attribute to human sources e.g. ‘big cities’‘What we are doing to mother nature. She is now
weeping’
• Some certain of CC. ‘they should get out of their office more and take a look!’
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• Few specifically about climate change• Return to current issues• Strengthen general adaptive capacity to
current issues
Adaptation strategies
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• Communication, transparency & indigenous involvement
• Self-sufficiency and improved capacity• Knowledge sharing on NRM and CC and stricter
regulations for protected & sacred areas• Indigenous practices as a way of dealing with
problems• Culture for physical and emotional health• Basic infrastructure and more efficient energy.
Adaptation preferences
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1) Ways people value their landscape2) Perceived current issues & concerns3) Perceptions of climate change4) Observations of climate change5) Perceived impacts of climate change on community6) Preferences for adaptation
Field research focus
General changes
Semantics
SensitivityScenarios
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Evolving frame of research
CURRENT VULNERABILITY eg Klein et al 2007
WAYS TO STRENGTHEN ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
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COMMUNITY ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
COMMUNITY ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
- opportunity- capacity
- opportunity- capacity
- motivations- preferences- motivations- preferences
COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS
COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS
- diversity- assets
- location- poverty
- diversity- assets
- location- poverty
- perceptions- attitudes & values- culture &/ norms
- capacity
- perceptions- attitudes & values- culture &/ norms
- capacity
Current issues Current issues
Historic events Historic events
COMMUNITY VULNERABILITYCOMMUNITY VULNERABILITY
Untangling vulnerability
Externalcharacteristi
csinteractions
Externalcharacteristi
csinteractions
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COMMUNITY VULNERABILITYCOMMUNITY VULNERABILITY
Community adaptation preferences
Community adaptation preferences
CC Prediction
s
CC Prediction
s
CC knowledge
CC knowledge
Western scienceWestern science
Indig. knowledg
e
Indig. knowledg
e
Communication processes
Communication processes
Community action
Community action
Policy change and/or
institutional support
Policy change and/or
institutional support
Improved community
adaptive capacity
Improved community
adaptive capacity
Community adaptive strategies
Community adaptive strategies
Building community adaptive capacity
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Evolving frame of research
CURRENT VULNERABILITY e.g Klein et al 2007
WAYS TO STRENGTHEN ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
- Enablers & disablers- Development lense - Mainstreaming
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Summary• Research on adaptation is difficult• Important not to undermine complexity of adaptation• Examining climate change alone not useful • Effective communication is integral• Mainstreaming adaptation into different policy areas is needed• More time! Involvement of indigenous researchers is needed
Petheram, L, Zander, K., Campbell, B.M., High, C., and Stacey, N. (2010)‘Strange Changes’: Indigenous perspectives of climate change and adaptation in NE Arnhem Land (Australia). Global Environmental Change 20: 681-692.
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Thanks