indian power sector overview
DESCRIPTION
Power SectorTRANSCRIPT
Azees. N
Overview of Power Sector
INDIA & KERALA
India- Overall Population 1027,015,247 531,277,078 males and 495,738,169
females. India -the second country in the world after China to cross the one billion mark
Population growth rate-1.9 % GDP 21479 billion Rs GDP Growth rate 5.4 %
Prices and Inflation
1981 base 1991 2000 2001 2003
% change consumer price 12.8 3.4 3.8 4.2
India- Primary Commercial Energy
Hydro3%
Nuclear1%
Oil Import20%
Oil (D)13% Gas
10%
Coal53%
Coal
Gas
Oil(D)
OilImportHydro
Nuclear
Even after 50 years , we could not bring down our import oil content
Energy and Quality of Life Energy needed for development &
improved quality of life Life Expectancy at birth Education/Literacy Infant Mortality Rate Income (GDP/capita)
PER CAPITA ElectricityIndia- Average, 0.1 kW of installed capacity/capitaWorld –Average, installed capacity 0.53 kW/capita
Per Capita electricity consumption India- about 360 kWh/capita/year Nepal, Bangladesh & Bhutan –lower than 100 US - 18000, UK- 14000World average electricity consumption- 2100 kWh/capita/year
India –Installed Capacity
Electric power generating stations under utilities : 112706 MW ( as on 31-07-2004)
Less than 4 % of the WORLD CAPACITY
29625 MW hydro,78491 MW thermal 2720 MW nuclear 1870 MW wind
Share of Power Installed Capacity in India
Diesel0.7%
Wind1.4%
Nuclear2.6%
Gas8.2%
Coal62%
Hydro25%
Hydro
Coal
Gas
DieselWind
Nuclear
Capcity Growth in India
1362 465314709
30214
66086
101154
107972104917
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
MW
1947 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2002 2003
POWER GENERATION IN INDIAYear Generation (BUs)1991-92 2871992-93 3011993-94 3241994-95 3511995-96 3801996-97 3941997-98 4201998-99 4481999-00 4802000-01 499.452001-02 515.27
2002-03 531.4
KERALA
Installed Capacity 3043.44 MW
K.S.E.B : 2031.6 MW . NTPC : 804 MW Private : 207.84 MW
74.02
200
20
323
390 0
0
100
200
300
400
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
STATEPRIVATETOTAL
CAPACITY ADDITION
357 348 332 331 312273
387440
360 364 347 333 327280
416
488
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Apr'02 May'02 June'02 July'02 Aug'02 Sep'02 Oct'02 Nov'02
Entitlement (MUs) Drawal (MUs)
ENERGY PURCHASED FROM OUTSIDE
PERCAPITA CONSUMPTION
KERALA 359 Units
TN 480
KARNATAKA 387
AP 391
ALL INDIA 360
STATUS OF VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION
FULLY ELECTRIFIED
% OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS HAVING ELECTRICITY
NUMBER OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS: 40,30,870
%OF HOUSEHOLDS HAVING ELECTRICITY : 41.95
ELECTRIFICATION STATUS
KERALA POWER
Required Available
Maximum Demand 2757 2316 MW
Energy 38.9 34.27 MU
T & D losses 17.21 %
Technical Min 8 %
KERALA ENERGY SHORTAGE
17.217.2
17.4
17.617.9
21.420.120
0
20
40
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
KERALA T& D LOSSES
CAPACITY ADDITION IN LAST 5 YEARS
0
5001000
1500
2000
25003000
3500
AP KAR KER TN CEN
MW
NAME OF PROJ ECT CAPACITY (MW) STATUSSTATE SECTOR 100.00
KUTTIYADI AUG. HEP 100.00
Private Sector 500 MW ?
Work likely to start
shortly
PROJECTION IN NEXT 5 YEAR PLAN
Electricity- Characteristics High Losses – T & D & theft ~30% in most
SEBs Many rural households do not have access
to electricity –about 40% in India Electricity Sector – from State Controlled Monopoly -Transition – to Regulated Sector with privatisation Subsidised electricity to agriculture, low
usage residential- Industry sector is penalized
Electricity Sector SEB annual loss 2000-01 Rs 20,500
crores . Gap of 92 p/kWh - between cost of
supply and revenue Peak shortage 13%, Energy
shortage 7.5% Estimated requirement of Installed
Capacity 200,000 MW by 2012
Energy Ladder – Cooking Fuels
Fuelwood
Kerosene
LPG, Electricity
Coal
Increasing Income
Con
veni
enc
e
The national objective :
"Power for All" by 2012
Ministry of Power has targeted 100% village electrification by 2007 and to provide access to electricity for all households by 2012.
CAPACITY ADDITION ? With 1 lakh MW Capacity
Energy shortage 7.5 %Peak Shortage 13 %
What we require by the year 2012 2 lakh MWi.e. We have to ADD 1 lakh MW CAPACITY Rs 8 Crores X 1 lakh within 10 years!Where is the Money ?
World Bank ? ADB? ALL SEBs under huge loss. Who will
lend money to loss making units ?
Stick to their conditions ? De regulation? Re structuring ?
PRIVATISATION ?
Sluggish Experience
TATA ? BSEB ?
TARIFF - Subsidy -Profit
IPPs – S.Asian Experience Hub Power Co. 1292 MW–Pakistan – initial
tariff 6.86c/kWh – three year long dispute –court cases. Resolved with tariff renegotiated to 5.5c/kWh
India – Initial mechanism – Fast Track Projects –Negotiated -Cogentrix (Karnataka) MOU July 1992, $1.3 billion 1000MW thermal power plant- Dec 1999 –withdrew from power plant
Enron – Dhabol Power Corporation
What is the Green Solution?
Energy conservation > Energy
ShortageDSM EE
Load Management > Peak Shortage
Technology/Research Challenges
Demand Estimation Methodology - administered prices, tariff policy
Eco friendly Technology – Non polluting -Clean Technology Development
Cost Effective Remote Metering Distributed Generation – Grid
Interconnection- Non conventional sources LM options for Peak Power Planning
Summing Up Power sector critical for development Energy scarcity, Capital scarcity,
environmental impacts Need to explore alternatives
Energy Conservation Demand Side Management NON Conventional Energy Sources
Load Management