independent drive test report to kolkata highway... · agencies conduct sample ‘drive tests’...

Independent Drive Test Report

- September’ 16

Patna to Kolkata Highway

Key performance indicators for most of the operators: Most of the operators failed to meet the Call

Dropped Rate (CDR) benchmark of <= 2%, where as most of the operators failed to meet the Call

Setup Success Rate (CSSR) Benchmark of >=95%.

Methodology:

Independent Drive test was conducted in Patna to Kolkata Highway from 9:00 AM to 9:PM from 7th to 8th of September 2016. The total drive test

covered in Patna to Kolkata Highway area was approximately 580 km over a period of 2 days. A total of ~3834 calls were made for seven 2G

networks, six 3G and two CDMA networks covering total nine operators.

1 2 3 4

City-Level

Performance

Area-Level

Performance Analysis Summary

and

Highlights

Date: 3 November 2016

5

Appendix I. Benchmarking KPIs

II. Coverage

III. Receive (Rx) Quality

IV. City-Level Ranking

V. City-Level KPI

The independent drive test has been carried out by M/s IMRB International on behalf of TRAI

Introduction

Introduction

Ancillary Details

Overview

TRAI is regularly monitoring the performance of Telecom Service Providers (TSP) against the benchmarks for the various Quality of

Service (QoS) parameters laid down by the Authority. TSPs submit Performance Monitoring Reports to TRAI every quarter. TRAI also

undertakes audit and assessment of Quality of Service through independent agencies to verify the Quality of Service claimed. The Audit

agencies conduct sample ‘Drive tests’ across various cities all over the country as part of audit and assessment of the TSPs’

performance.

In view of complaints on call drops and other network issues, on behalf of TRAI, an Independent Drive Test (IDT) was conducted from 7th

September 2016 to 8th September 2016 covering various locations in Patna to Kolkata Highway . The performance of Aircel, Airtel,

BSNL, Idea, Vodafone, Reliance, Telenor, MTS & Tata was monitored across various technologies (2G, 3G and CDMA). The drive test

route was defined on the basis of several factors that include - areas from where call drop complaints are commonly received; areas of

heavy usage; residential areas away from arterial roads; office areas; areas where previous Drive tests showed network issues; etc.

For the purpose of these tests, 2G + 3G Mode (Auto) was used. The test results obtained from these drive tests were conducted to

assess the network condition more specifically in terms of Radio Frequency (RF) Coverage; Rx Quality; Call Setup Success Rate; Call

Drop Rate; Blocked Calls and Carrier to Interference ratio.

Drive Route Details For Goa Area:

Independent Drive test was conducted in Mumbai to Goa area from 9:00 AM to 9:PM from 7th to 8th of September 2016. The total drive

test covered in Patna to Kolkata Highway area was approximately 580 km over a period of 2 days. Total of ~3834 calls were made for

seven 2G networks, six 3G & two CDMA networks covering nine operators.

Roads and Areas covered in Patna to Kolkata Highway is shown in the below map.

Below is the List of Areas Covered and Drive Routes

1

Day 1 Day 2

Patna Barachatti

Fatehpur Chouparan

Bir Barhi

Ratra Nagar Nagar Barsot

Masaurhi Bagodar

Nadaul Dhanbad

Lodi Pur Kulti

Jahanabad Asansol

Makhdumpur Raniganj

Gaya Durgapur

Bodhgaya Rayan

Dobhi Dhaniakhali

Barachatti Singur

Kolkata

Drive test route

1. City-Level Performance

City-Level Details Operator Performance against Key Performance Indicators :

1. Call Setup Success Rate, 2. Blocked Call Rate, 3. Call Drop Rate, 4. Rx Quality

Legends

Threshold for each KPI are considered as per TRAI guidelines Abbreviation / Definition: CSSR (benchmark > =95%) : Call Setup Success Rate

BCR (benchmark <=3%): Blocked Call Rate

CDR (benchmark <=2%): Call Drop Rate

Good RxQuality (benchmark >=95%): 2G (RxQual <=5), 3G (EcNo >=-15dBm), CDMA (FER <=4%)

Most of the operators failed to meet

the Call Setup Success Rate

benchmark of >=95%, except Airtel

2G, Airtel 3G, Idea 2G, Idea 3G, MTS

CDMA, Vodafone 2G and Vodafone

3G. Refer. Fig 1


the Blocked Call Rate benchmark of

<=3%, except Airtel 3G, Idea 2G,

MTS CDMA, Vodafone 2G and

Vodafone 3G. Refer. Fig 2


the Call Drop Rate benchmark of

<=2%, except Aircel 2G, Airtel 2G,

Idea 2G, Vodafone 2G and Vodafone

3G.

Refer. Fig 3


the Rx Quality Rate benchmark of

>=95%, except Airtel 2G, Airtel 3G,

BSNL 3G, Idea 3G, MTS CDMA,

Vodafone 2G and Vodafone 3G.

Refer. Fig 4

Operator meeting the benchmark Operator not meeting the benchmark

2

Current Drive: September 2016

94.28% 92.64% 96.85% 98.02% 91.19% 94.57%

99.73% 95.83% 100.00%

87.06% 84.21% 83.94% 89.20%

98.36% 99.20%

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Fig 1. Call Setup Success Rate (%)

95%

5.72% 7.36% 3.15% 1.98%

8.81% 5.43%

0.27% 4.17%

0.00%

12.94% 15.79% 16.06%

10.80%

1.64% 0.80%

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Fig 2. Block Call Rate (%)

3%

1.45% 3.31%

1.25%

4.32% 6.53% 6.76%

1.07%

4.35% 2.29% 2.86%

6.25%

11.30%

5.28%

1.67% 0.81%

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Fig 3. Call Drop Rate (%)

2%

93.47% 94.39% 95.42% 97.62% 92.04%

97.95% 94.26%

99.76% 95.55%

91.14%

84.18% 88.34% 90.41%

96.66% 97.45%

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Fig 4. Rx Quality (%)

95%

2. Area-Level Performance

Area-Level Details

Legends

Drive test route covered from Patna to Kolkata highway.

Fig 5. Area Level route map

Areas meeting the benchmark Areas not meeting the benchmark

Abbreviation / Definition: CSSR (benchmark > =95%) : Call Setup Success Rate




3

Threshold for each KPI are considered as per TRAI guidelines

Current Drive: September 2016

2. Area-Level Performance

Area-Level Details

Legends

Area Level KPI performance ( all operators inclusive)





4

Areas meeting the benchmark Areas not meeting the benchmark

Threshold for each KPI are considered as per TRAI guidelines Current Drive: September 2016

Blocked call Rate Aircel Airtel BSNL Idea MTS CDMA Reliance TATA Telenor Vodafone

Patna to Gaya 4.4% 1.5% 4.1% 0.0% N/A 27.7% N/A 8.6% 1.1%

Gaya to Chouparan 8.1% 2.5% 7.7% 0.0% N/A 0.0% 71.4% 7.1% 0.0%

Chouparan to Dhanbad 0.9% 5.1% 31.3% 0.0% N/A 0.0% 25.4% 8.8% 1.7%

Dhanbad to Burdwan 4.8% 3.0% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 12.0% 0.0% 8.8% 2.0%

Burdwan to Kolkata 17.7% 0.9% 1.8% 2.4% 0.0% N/A 0.0% 25.5% 1.2%

Call Setup Success Rate Aircel Airtel BSNL Idea MTS CDMA Reliance TATA Telenor Vodafone






Call Dropped Rate Aircel Airtel BSNL Idea MTS CDMA Reliance TATA Telenor Vodafone






Call Dropped Rate Aircel Airtel BSNL Idea MTS CDMA Reliance TATA Telenor Vodafone






Detailed Analysis of Operators

High RLT

• Radio Link Timeout (RLT indicates how long the

call can sustain during poor quality – Higher the

value the longer it will sustain the call).

• If the no. of cells with Radio Link Timeout of > 40 is

assume under RLT <=40 for Tata 2G and Telenor

2G then, the Call Drop Rate would be higher than

the current call drop rate(6.25%, 5.28%).

3. Analysis

Legends Current Drive: September 2016

Operator meeting the set CDR threshold Operator not meeting the set CDR threshold

Abbreviation / Definition: CSSR (benchmark >=95%) : Call Setup Success Rate





Operators No. of Cells

with RLT <= 40

No. of Cells

with RLT >

40

Current CDR

CDR, If all

Cells

assume RLT

<= 40

Aircel 86.89% 13.11% 1.45% 1.45%

Airtel 100.00% 0.00% 1.25% 1.25%

BSNL 100.00% 0.00% 6.53% 6.53%

Idea 100.00% 0.00% 1.07% 1.07%

Tata 32.50% 67.50% 6.25% 9.38%

Telenor 86.74% 13.26% 5.28% 5.59%

Vodafone 100.00% 0.00% 1.67% 1.67%

5

3. Analysis


BSNL 2G (CDR : 6.53%, BCR : 8.81%, Rx Quality : 92.04% )

• Dhanbad to Burdwan and Burdwan to Kolkata are the key contributed areas of high call dropped rate. These Highlighted areas having 78.26% Call dropped rate of total highway area.

• Poor quality of network is clear indication of high call dropped rate.

• Chouparan to Dhanbad is the key contributed areas of high blocked rate. Most of the blocked calls are due to SDCCH access failure and SDCCH drop.

• BSNL need to improve the network Quality in mentioned highlighted areas to serve the benchmark standard services to the customers.

BSNL 3G (CDR : 6.76%, BCR : 5.43%, HOSR : 10.94%)

• Chouparan to Dhanbad and Dhanbad to Burdwan are the key contributed areas of high call blocked rate. These Highlighted areas having 74.47% Call blocked rate of total highway area.

• Dhanbad to Burdwan and Burdwan to Kolkata are the key contributed areas of high call dropped rate. These Highlighted areas having 65% Call dropped rate of total highway area.

• High Handover failure rate is clear indication of high call drop rate in BSNL 3G network.







6


Parameter

Highlighted areas(

Chouparan to

Dhanbad)

Rest of Patna to

Kolkata Highway

# call Blocks 22 12

Parameter

Highlighted areas(

Dhanbad to Burdwan &

Burdwan to Kolkata)

Rest of Patna to

Kolkata Highway

# call Drops 18 5

Parameter

Highlighted areas (

Chouparan to Dhanbad

& Dhanbad to Burdwan)

Rest of Patna to

Kolkata Highway

# call Blocks 13 4

Parameter

Highlighted areas(

Dhanbad to Burdwan &

Burdwan to Kolkata )

Rest of Patna to

Kolkata Highway

# call Drops 13 7

3. Analysis


Tata 2G (CDR : 6.25%, BCR : 15.79%, Coverage : 60.09%, Rx Quality : 84.18%)

• Poor Coverage & Quality of network is clear indication of high

dropped call rate and high call blocked rate. • Only 71 calls were attempted on Tata 2G due to network

accessibility in Jharkhand circle only.







7


TATA CDMA (CDR : 11.30%, BCR : 16.06% , Coverage : 61.86%, Rx Quality : 88.34%)

• Poor Coverage and Quality of network is clear indication

of high dropped call rate & high call blocked rate. • In Tata CDMA call drops happen due to coverage patches

also.

Telenor 2G (CDR : 5.28%, BCR : 10.80%, Signal Quality : 90.41%)

Parameter

Highlighted areas

( Dhanbad to Burdwan &

Burdwan to Kolkata)

Rest of Patna to

Kolkata Highway

# call Drops 22 17

# call Blocks 15 2

• Dhanbad to Burdwan and Burdwan to Kolkata are the key contributed areas of high call dropped rate. These highlighted areas having 56.4% call dropped rate of total Highway area.

• Poor quality of network is clear indication of high call dropped rate.

• Dhanbad to Burdwan & Burdwan to Kolkata are the key contributed areas of high block rate.

• Most of the calls are blocked, due to SDCCH access failure and SDCCH drop.

Parameter Complete Area

# call Dropped 4

# call Blocked 12

Parameter Complete Area

# call Dropped 13

# call Blocked 22

4. Summary & Highlights

Summary & Highlights

Most of the operators failed to meet the Call Drop Rate Benchmark of <=2%, except Aircel 2G, Airtel

2G, Idea 2G, Vodafone 2G and Vodafone 3G.

Key Highlights

• Most of the operators failed to meet the Call drop rate benchmark of <=2%, except Aircel 2G, Airtel 2G, Idea 2G,

Vodafone 2G and Vodafone 3G.

• BSNL 2G, BSNL 3G, Tata 2G, Tata CDMA and Telenor 2G operators have Call drop rate of >5%.

• TATA CDMA have Call drop rates in the range of above 10%. The high drop rate is clearly indicating for urgent need of

improvement in order to deliver a reasonable levels of services.

• A huge gap between the performances of Aircel 2G, Airtel 2G, Idea 2G and Vodafone (2G & 3G) compared to the poor

performances of other operators are clearly showing in the areas driven. There are possibilities for other operators to

offer a better Quality of service than currently is being provided.

Fig 6. Call Drop Rate

8

1.45% 3.31%

1.25%

4.32%

6.53% 6.76%

1.07%

4.35% 2.29% 2.86%

6.25%

11.30%

5.28%

1.67% 0.81%

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Fig 6. Call Drop Rate (%)

5. Appendix

Ancillary Details

I. Benchmarking KPI Details

II. Coverage Details

III. Receive (Rx) Quality Details

IV. City-Level Ranking and KPI details

V. City-Level KPI details

Table of Contents in Appendix

9

Appendix

Ancillary Details

2. Benchmarking KPI Details

RF Coverage

RF Coverage relates to the geographical footprint within the system that has sufficient RF signal strength to provide for a call/data

session. Coverage rate of an operator is calculated basis of % of samples in which the Rx level is better than -85 dBm

Accessibility

Accessibility is the ability of a service to be obtained within specific tolerances and other given conditions, when requested by the user.

In other words, the ability of a user to obtain the requested service from the system. Accessibility is monitored by measuring Call Setup

Success Rate (CSSR) which is defined as the ratio of Established Calls to Call Attempts

Retainability

Retainability is “The ability of a service, once obtained, to continue to be provided under given conditions for a requested duration.” For

determining the Retainability the regulation prescribes three important parameters namely Call Drop Rate (CDR), Worst affected Cells

having more than 3% TCH drop and Connection with good voice quality. Drop Call and Connection with good voice quality were

monitored by the drive test

Mobility

In a cellular system a base station has only a limited coverage area. Hence it is possible for a moving subscriber to be out of range of a

base station while making a call. The process by which a mobile telephone call is transferred from one base station to another as the

subscriber passes the boundary of a cell is called a handover. The Handover success rate (HOSR) more than 95% is considered to be

good

Rx Quality

For measuring voice quality, RxQual samples on a scale from 0 to 7 for GSM operators, EcNo from 0 to -30 dBm and Frame Error Rate

(FERs) for CDMA service providers are measured. As per the QoS norms, RxQual between 0- 5 for GSM operators, EcNo >= -15 dBm and

between 0-4% FER value for CDMA operators FERs is considered to be good, where as RxQual beyond this benchmark is considered to

be bad

10

Coverage % Accessibility % Retainability % Mobility % Rx Quality %

Aircel 2G 61.34% 94.28% 98.55% 94.42% 93.47%

Aircel 3G 57.98% 92.64% 96.69% 96.13% 94.39%

Airtel 2G 88.00% 96.85% 98.75% 94.45% 95.42%

Airtel 3G 62.47% 98.02% 95.68% 99.34% 97.62%

Bsnl 2G 76.92% 91.19% 93.47% 95.03% 92.04%

Bsnl 3G 27.34% 94.57% 93.24% 89.06% 97.95%

Idea 2G 76.13% 99.73% 98.93% 95.69% 94.26%

Idea 3G 70.99% 95.83% 95.65% 99.13% 99.76%

MTS CDMA 93.65% 100.00% 97.71% 100.00% 95.55%

Reliance 3G 13.61% 87.06% 97.14% 99.64% 91.14%

TATA 2G 60.09% 84.21% 93.75% 100.00% 84.18%

TATA CDMA 61.86% 83.94% 88.70% 100.00% 88.34%

Telenor 2G 67.16% 89.20% 94.72% 92.50% 90.41%

Vodafone 2G 72.64% 98.36% 98.33% 98.46% 96.66%

Vodafone 3G 65.88% 99.20% 99.19% 99.89% 97.45%

0.00%

25.00%

50.00%

75.00%

100.00%

KPI Distribution

Appendix

Ancillary Details

3. Coverage Details

RF Coverage relates to the geographical footprint within the system that has sufficient RF signal strength to provide for a call/data

session. The Coverage rate of an operator is calculated basis of % of samples in which the Rx level is better than -85 dBm. The details

are as follows.

Operators not meeting benchmark

11

Aircel 2G Aircel 3G Airtel 2G

Airtel 3G BSNL 2G BSNL 3G

0.00%

25.00%

50.00%

75.00%

100.00%

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Coverage Distribution

-95 to -120 dBm -85 to -95 dBm -75 to -85 dBm 0 to -75 dBm

Operators Coverage Rate

Aircel 2G 61.34%

Aircel 3G 57.98%

Airtel 2G 88.00%

Airtel 3G 62.47%

Bsnl 2G 76.92%

Bsnl 3G 27.34%

Idea 2G 76.13%

Idea 3G 70.99%

MTS CDMA 93.65%

Reliance 3G 13.61%

TATA 2G 60.09%

TATA CDMA 61.86%

Telenor 2G 67.16%

Vodafone 2G 72.64%

Vodafone 3G 65.88%

Appendix

Ancillary Details

3. Coverage Details

12

IDEA 2G

RELIANCE 3G

MTS CDMA

TATA 2G

IDEA 3G

TATA CDMA

TELENOR 2G VODAFONE 2G VODAFONE 3G

Appendix

Ancillary Details

4. Receive (Rx) Quality Details

For measuring voice quality, RxQual samples on a scale from 0 to 7 for GSM operators, EcNo for 3G operators on a scale of 0 to -30

dBm and Frame Error Rate (FERs) for CDMA service providers are measured. As per the QoS norms, Rx Quality between 0- 5 for GSM

operators, EcNo >= -15 dBm and between 0-4% FER value for CDMA operators FERs is considered to be good, where as quality beyond

this benchmark is considered to be bad. The benchmark should usually be > =95%.


13

Aircel 2G Aircel 3G Airtel 2G

Airtel 3G BSNL 2G BSNL 3G

0.00%

25.00%

50.00%

75.00%

100.00%

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Rx Quality Distribution

RxQual 6 to 7, EcNo <-15 dBm, FER <= 4% RxQual 0 to 5, EcNo >=-15 dBm, FER > 4%

Operators Rx Quality

Aircel 2G 93.47%

Aircel 3G 94.39%

Airtel 2G 95.42%

Airtel 3G 97.62%

Bsnl 2G 92.04%

Bsnl 3G 97.95%

Idea 2G 94.26%

Idea 3G 99.76%

MTS CDMA 95.55%

Reliance 3G 91.14%

TATA 2G 84.18%

TATA CDMA 88.34%

Telenor 2G 90.41%

Vodafone 2G 96.66%

Vodafone 3G 97.45%

Appendix

Ancillary Details

4. Receive (Rx) Quality Details

14

IDEA 2G IDEA 3G MTS CDMA

Reliance 3G TATA 2G TATA CDMA

TELENOR 2G VODAFONE 2G VODAFONE 3G

Appendix

Ancillary Details

5. City-Level Ranking and KPI details

Accessibility is the ability of a service to be obtained within specific tolerances and other given conditions, when requested by the user.

In other words, the ability of a user to obtain the requested service from the system. Accessibility is monitored by measuring Call Setup

Success Rate (CSSR) which is defined as the ratio of Established Calls to Call Attempts. The benchmark is >=95%. The details are as

follows:

Retainability is “the ability of a service, once obtained, to continue to be provided under given conditions for a requested duration.” For

determining the Retainability, the regulation prescribes three important parameters namely Call drop rate (CDR), Worst affected Cells

having more than 3% TCH drop and Connection with good voice quality. The call drop and connection with good voice quality were

monitored by the drive test

Call Drop Rate (CDR): The parameter gives a reliable measurement of the mobile network used by the service provider for maintaining a

call once it has been correctly established

Mobility: In a cellular system a base station has only a limited coverage area. Hence it is possible for a moving subscriber to get out of

reach of a base station while making a call. The process by which a mobile telephone call is transferred from one base station to

another as the subscriber passes the boundary of a cell is called a handover. The Handover Ssuccess Rate (HOSR) more than 95% is

considered to be good

*In case of multiple call failure in similar geo location in given period of 60sec has been counted as one call failure


15

Operators Total Call Attempt Blocked Calls Blocked Call Rate* CSSR

Aircel 2G 367 21 5.72% 94.28%

Aircel 3G 326 24 7.36% 92.64%

Airtel 2G 413 13 3.15% 96.85%

Airtel 3G 354 7 1.98% 98.02%

Bsnl 2G 386 34 8.81% 91.19%

Bsnl 3G 313 17 5.43% 94.57%

Idea 2G 376 1 0.27% 99.73%

Idea 3G 24 1 4.17% 95.83%

MTS CDMA 131 0 0.00% 100.00%

Reliance 3G 201 26 12.94% 87.06%

TATA 2G 76 12 15.79% 84.21%

TATA CDMA 137 22 16.06% 83.94%

Telenor 2G 361 39 10.80% 89.20%

Vodafone 2G 244 4 1.64% 98.36%

Vodafone 3G 125 1 0.80% 99.20%

Operators Total Call Established Total Call Drop CDR CCSR

Aircel 2G 346 5 1.45% 98.55%

Aircel 3G 302 10 3.31% 96.69%

Airtel 2G 400 5 1.25% 98.75%

Airtel 3G 347 15 4.32% 95.68%

Bsnl 2G 352 23 6.53% 93.47%

Bsnl 3G 296 20 6.76% 93.24%

Idea 2G 375 4 1.07% 98.93%

Idea 3G 23 1 4.35% 95.65%

MTS CDMA 131 3 2.29% 97.71%

Reliance 3G 175 5 2.86% 97.14%

TATA 2G 64 4 6.25% 93.75%

TATA CDMA 115 13 11.30% 88.70%

Telenor 2G 322 17 5.28% 94.72%

Vodafone 2G 240 4 1.67% 98.33%

Vodafone 3G 124 1 0.81% 99.19%

Operators Total HO Attempt HO Failure HO Success HO Failure Rate HO Success Rate

Aircel 2G 878 49 829 5.58% 94.42%

Aircel 3G 1447 56 1391 3.87% 96.13%

Airtel 2G 1315 73 1242 5.55% 94.45%

Airtel 3G 4405 29 4376 0.66% 99.34%

Bsnl 2G 784 39 745 4.97% 95.03%

Bsnl 3G 1216 133 1083 10.94% 89.06%

Idea 2G 952 41 911 4.31% 95.69%

Idea 3G 345 3 342 0.87% 99.13%

MTS CDMA 2119 0 2119 0.00% 100.00%

Reliance 3G 551 2 549 0.36% 99.64%

TATA 2G 71 0 71 0.00% 100.00%

TATA CDMA 670 0 670 0.00% 100.00%

Telenor 2G 560 42 518 7.50% 92.50%

Vodafone 2G 779 12 767 1.54% 98.46%

Vodafone 3G 1832 2 1830 0.11% 99.89%

Appendix

Ancillary Details

6. City-Level KPI details

16

Call Events

Operators (Summary)

Aircel Airtel BSNL IDEA MTS Reliance TATA Telenor Vodafone

2G 3G 2G 3G 2G 3G 2G 3G CDMA 3G 2G CDMA 2G 2G 3G

Call Attempt (September-16)

367 326 413 354 386 313 376 24 131 201 76 137 361 244 125

Blocked Call Rate (September-16)

5.72% 7.36% 3.15% 1.98% 8.81% 5.43% 0.27% 4.17% 0.00% 12.94% 15.79% 16.06% 10.80% 1.64% 0.80%

CSSR (Accessibility) (September-16)

94.28% 92.64% 96.85% 98.02% 91.19% 94.57% 99.73% 95.83% 100.00% 87.06% 84.21% 83.94% 89.20% 98.36% 99.20%

Dropped Call Rate (September-16)

1.45% 3.31% 1.25% 4.32% 6.53% 6.76% 1.07% 4.35% 2.29% 2.86% 6.25% 11.30% 5.28% 1.67% 0.81%

Mobility HOSR (September-16)

94.42% 96.13% 94.45% 99.34% 95.03% 89.06% 95.69% 99.13% 100.00% 99.64% 100.00% 100.00% 92.50% 98.46% 99.89%

Rx Quality (September-16)

93.47% 94.39% 95.42% 97.62% 92.04% 97.95% 94.26% 99.76% 95.55% 91.14% 84.18% 88.34% 90.41% 96.66% 97.45%

Operators meeting the benchmark Operators not meeting the benchmark

independent drive test report to kolkata highway... · agencies conduct sample ‘drive tests’...

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