in140703 service support technologies 22.9.2016

IN140703 Service Support Technologies 22.9.2016

Pirita Ihamäki Phd. [email protected]

Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Unit Rauma

mailto:[email protected]

Content• Smart technologies• Smart technologies and New Business Opportunities• Characteristics of Smart Materials and Systems• Smart Materials and technologies characteristics• Smart Materials• Smart Structures• Smart Environments• Smart Environments – The Interoperability Requirement• Smart Environment Problems• Smart Home Application• Workshop


Smart Technologies• While the terms ‘smart’ and ‘intelligent’ have been commonly

applied in theory and practice, there is a limited understanding about of their meaning and differentiation. Smart technology, implying the word intelligent, commonly describes a new product, referring to the environment, condition or motion of technology that adapts to certain functions or is tailored to specific circumstances.

• The concept of smart technologies requires the knowledge about the mechanical system itself, embedded sensors and controllable devices (usually based on smart materials), and driving electronics with integrated software, which adds the intelligence to the system.


Smart Technologies and New Business Opportunities

• With the increasing pervasiveness of technology throughout industries, the application of smart technologies has become the main focus of attention.

• Particularly due to the convergence of the offline and online world, smart technologies have created a new space for business opportunities in a number of sectors (Lee 2012a), including health home systems (Patsadu et al. 2012) retail store usage (Lee 2012b), urban governance (Himmelreich 2013), the context of design education (McCardle 2002) and energy monitoring in hotels (Rogerson and Sims 2012)


Characteristics of Smart Materials and Systems

• A review of the literature indicates that terms like ’smart’ and ’intelligent’ are used almost interchangeably by many in relation to materials and systems.

• Nasa defines smart materials as ’materials that the remember configurations and can conform to them when given a specific stimulus’, a definition that clearly gives an indication as to how NASA intends to investigate and apply them. (Addington, Schodek 2005, 8)


Smart Materials and technologies characteristics:

• Immediacy – they respond in real-time• Transiency – they respond to more than one

environmental state.• Self-actuation – intelligence is internal to rather than

external to the material.• Selectively –their response is discreate and predictable• Directness – the response is local to the ’activating’

event. (Addington, Schodek 2005, 10)


Smart Materials

• Smart materials may be easily classified in two basic ways.• In one construct it will be referring to materials that

undergo changes in one or more of their properties – chemical, mechanical, electrical, magnetic or thermal – in a direct response to a change in the external stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. For example a photochromic material changes its color in response to a change in the amount of ultraviolet radioation on its surface.


Smart Materials

• Type 1 materials include the following:• Thermochromic – an input of thermal energy

(heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure, as a result, the materials of the color – its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum – changes.


Smart Materials

• Type 1 materials include the following:• Magnetorheological– the application of a

magnetic field or for electrotheological – an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid.


Smart Materials

• Type 1 materials include the following:• Thermotropic – an input of thermal energy (or

radiation for a phototropic one, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volumetric expansion, and solubility.


Smart Materials

• Type 1 materials include the following:• Shape memory – an input of thermal energy

(which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in a relationship to the environmental stimulus.


Smart Materials

• Type 2 materials include the following list, which summarizes some of the more common energy-exchanging smart materials:

• Photovoltaic – an input of radiation energy from the visible spectrum (or the infrared spectrum of photovoltaic) produces an electrical current (the term voltaic refers more to the material which be able to provide the voltage potential to sustain the current).


Smart Materials


• Thermoelectric – an input of electrical a current creates the temperature differentially on the opposite sides of the material. This temperature differential produces a heat engine, essentially a heat pump, allowing thermal energy to be transferred from one junction to the other.


Smart Materials


• Piezoelectric – an input of elastic energy (strain) produces an electrical current. Most piezoelectrics are bi-directional in that the inputs can be switched and an applied electrical current will produce a deformation (strain).


Smart Materials


• Photoluminescent – an input of radiation energy from the ultraviolet spectrum (or electrical energy for an electroluminescent, chemical reaction to chemiluminescence) is converted to an output of radiation energy in the visible spectrum.


Smart Materials


• Electrostrictive – the application of a current (or a magnetic field for a magnetostrictive one) alters the interatomic distance through polarization. A change in this distance changes the energy of the molecule, which in this case produces elastic energy – strain. This star in deforms or changes the shape of the material.


Smart Structures

• As described earlier, a smart structure is a system that incorporates the particular functions of sensing and actuation to perform smart actions in an ingenious way. The basic five components of a smart structure are summarized as follows:

• Data Acquisition (tactile sensing): the aim of this component is to collect the required raw data needed for an appropriate sensing and monitoring of the structure.


Smart Structures• Data Transmission (sensory nerves): the purpose of this part is

to forward the raw data to the local and/or central command and control units.

• Command and Control Unit (brain): the role of this unit is to manage and control the whole system by analyzing the data, reaching the appropriate conclusion, and determining the actions required.

• Data Instructions (motor nerves): the function of this part is to transmit the decisions and the associated instructions back to the members of the structure.

• Action Devices (muscles): the purpose of this part is to take action by triggering the controlling devices or units.


Smart Environments• Smart Environments are currently considered a key

factor to connect the physical world with the information world.

• A Smart Environment can be defined as the combination of a physical environment, an infrastructure for data management (called Smart Space), a collection of embedded systems gathering heterogeneous data from the environment and a connectivity solution to convey these data to the Smart Space.


Smart Environments• Smart Environments are currently considered a key

factor to connect the physical world with the information world.

• A Smart Environment can be defined as the combination of a physical environment, an infrastructure for data management (called Smart Space), a collection of embedded systems gathering heterogeneous data from the environment and a connectivity solution to convey these data to the Smart Space. (Bartolini 2009, 17)


Smart Environments• One of the visions of the Ubiquitous Computing is from the

environment point of view. The research field in which the principles and the methodology necessary to the creation of intelligent environment are studied, is called ambient computing.

• Starting from physical environment, the ambient computing it allows you to create environments in where heterogeneous devices interact with each other, with people and with the physical environment itself, allowing the identification of contextual relevant services and adapting them to the situation and to the user profile and preferences. These type of environments are called Smart Environments (SE) (Bartolini 2009, 17)


Smart Environments

• A Smart Environment is a world where “all kinds of smart devices are continuously work to make users’ lives more comfortable” (Cook, 2005).

• Smart Environments derives from Mark Weiser: ”a physical world that is richly and invisibly interwoven with sensors, actuators, displays, and computational elements, embedded seamlessly in the everyday objects of our lives, and connected through a continuous network".

• In this way, contextual information can be used to support and enhance the ability to execute application specific actions by providing information and services tailored to user’s immediate needs (Ryan, 2005).


Smart Environments – The Interoperability requirement

• The interoperability is the requirement to provide the user's seamless connectivity and seamless services supplying (Salmon, 2008):

• platform interoperability: the same services run on different platforms, e.g. devices, Smart Phones;

• data interoperability: services work on a common representation of data, and are independent of their data sources;

• network interoperability: the connection takes place to the best available network.

• The cross-domain interoperability is about the interconnection and communication between different technological platforms, possibly developed within different application domains. The cross-industry interoperability addressed with technical interoperability issues, such as commercial strategies, licenses, and regulations.


Smart Environments Problems

• The Smart Environment problem could be decomposed in several problems, each of them open research issues:

• the context-aware computing problem• the mobile computing problem• the problem of creating and interfacing context providing sensors• the problem of creating usable and friendly interfaces between devices and people.


Smart Home Applications

• The Smart Home concept is presented in (Ricquebourg, 2006). In this paper, a smart home can be described as a house which is equipped with smart objects. Smart Objects make possible the interaction between the residential gateway and the inhabitants.


Smart Home Applications• The Ubiquitous Home (Yamazaki, 2007) is a real-life test bed for context aware

service experiments. The Ubiquitous Home has a living room, kitchen, study, bedroom, washroom and bathroom, these rooms comprising an apartment.

• The Ubiquitous Home is equipped with various types of sensors to monitor living human activities. Each room has cameras and microphones on the ceiling to gather video and audio information.

• Floor pressure sensors installed throughout the flooring track residents or detect furniture positions. Infra-red sensors installed are used to detecting human movement.

• Two RFID systems are installed in the Ubiquitous Home. Four accelerometers or vibration sensors are attached to the bedroom floor in four corners. To provide a service to users, the user context is considered.

• In the Ubiquitous Home, personal identification can be obtained from the active-type RFID tag worn by the resident or the face recognition by the visible-type robot camera.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEcQ1bIHZhs


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEcQ1bIHZhs



Worshops


Group Work


• Divide for groups of 5 people.• Design for smart work environments.• You choose for work what you describe and then

design for smart work environment for that context.

• ”The flow of ideas from one field into another often takes curious and ambivalent paths”.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQUyl89fy18

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQUyl89fy18

Thank you for your attention!

in140703 service support technologies 22.9.2016

Technology