Individuality Within

Schooling FishesMalise Yun

Biology/AnthropologyUniversity of Washington – Seattle

Schooling fish appear as one large organism but are made up of multiple individuals.

https://fpsbutest.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/5osvj27134.jpg

Bold vs Shy Personalities

Go with the flowor be bold, not shyand are more likely to die

Three-spine sticklebacks have bold and shy personalities.

Gasterosteus aculeatus (Hiukka, 2016) (Ward et

al., 2004)

Icons by Yu luck from the Noun Project

Sorting the bold vs Shy

(Ward et al., 2004)

Wild Zebrafish can learn to become bolder.

Danio Rerio (Rapson, 2012)(Maattanen et al., 2012)

Learning SociallyDay 1

Icons by Yu luck from the Noun Project

(Maattanen et al., 2012)

Learning SociallyDay 20

Icons by Yu luck from the Noun Project

(Maattanen et al., 2012)

Bold Fish & Consensus

Icons by Yu luck from the Noun Project

(Rands et al., 2016)

Sticklebacks work faster together

Icons by Yu luck from the Noun Project

(Rands et al., 2016)

Robofish Leader

Three-spined stickleback replica

(Faria et al., 2010)

Stay in school

https://adventureaquarium.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/sea-lion-chase-doubilet_18413_600x450.jpg

ReferencesFaria, J., Dyer, J., Clément, R., Couzin, I., Holt, N., Ward, A., . . . Krause, J. (2010). A novel method for investigating the

collective behaviour of fish: Introducing 'Robofish' Behavioral Ecology and

Sociobiology, 64(8), 1211-1218. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40792927

Greenwood, A., Wark, A., Yoshida, A., & Peichel, K. (2013). Genetic and neural modularity underlie the evolution of

schooling behavior in threespine sticklebacks. Current Biology., 23(19), 1884-1888.

Maattanen, Ilmari, Penn, Dustin J., Zala, Sarah M, Määttänen, Ilmari, & Penn, Dustin J. (2012). Different social-learning

strategies in wild and domesticated zebrafish, Danio rerio. Animal Behaviour, 83(6), 1519-1525.

Rands, Sean A., Hill, Francesca, Elder, Charlotte, Ioannou, Christos C., McDonald, N D, Rands, S A, . . . Ioannou, C C.

(2016). Consensus and experience trump leadership, suppressing individual personality during social

foraging. Science Advances., 2(9), E1600892.

Ward, A., Thomas, P., Hart, P., & Krause, J. (2004). Correlates of Boldness in Three-Spined Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus

aculeatus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 55(6), 561-568. Retrieved from

http://www.jstor.org/stable/25063397

ReferencesLuck, Yu. (Artist). (2016). [Marine Digital Icons]. Retrieved from https://thenounproject.com/yuluck/

Hiukka, Markus. (Photographer). (2016). Gasterous aculeatus [Photograph].

Rapson, Andy. (Photographer). (2012). Danio rerio [Photograph].

Sea Lion Chase [Photograph]. (2013). Retrieved from https://adventureaquarium.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/sea-lion-chase-

doubilet_18413_600x450.jpg

Ball of Fish [Photograph]. (2013) Retrieved from https://fpsbutest.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/5osvj27134.jpg

Special Thanks to • Matt Kolmann – Professor • Liz Allyn – Peer Editor• Caitlin Sussman – Peer Editor