brink depth at free overfall – a review

International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN:2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print) Volume No.3, Issue No.10, pp : 588-593 01 Oct. 2014 IJER@2014 Page 588 Experimental Verification and Analysis of Solar Parabolic Collector for Water Distillation Mr. Mohd. Rizwan , Mr. Md. Abdul Raheem Junaidi , Mr. Mohammed Suleman , Mr. Mohd. Aamer Hussain Mechanical Engineering Department, Muffakham Jah College Of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. 2 [email protected] Abstract :The paper is concerned with an experimental study of paraboli c trough col lector wi th it s sun tracki ng sy ste m des ign ed and manufactur ed to facil itate rapid dif fusion and wides pread us e of solar ene rgy. T he paper focuses on use of altern ative sour ce of energy (through suns radiation) which is easy to install, operate and maintain. Also, to improve the performance of solar concentrator, dif ferent geome tr ies were e valuated wit h r es pec t to their optical an d ene rgy conversion eff ici ency. To ass ur e good pe rf orman ce and lon g techn ical l if etime of a concentr atin g s ys tem, the s olar refl ec tance of the refl ectors must be hi gh and l ong term stable. Du ri ng the research carried out, focus had been shifted from evaluation of the perf ormance of conce ntrati ng solar coll ector to analysis of the optical properti es of r eflector and absorbi ng materials. The s hi ft of focus was moti vated by the nee d to ass es s long t erm sys tem perf ormance and possibi li ties of optimi zing the optical eff ici ency or r educing cos ts by using n ew ty pes of r eflector material s and absorbi ng materi als. The Solar Paraboli c Trou gh Coll ector (SPTC) was fabricated in local work shops and th e s un tracking sys tem was as se mbled usin g electric and electronic components in the market, while the mechanical components maki ng up th e drivi ng sys tem we re procur ed fr om the local mark et. Th e objective of th e rese arch i s to obtain di still ed water by heating it to a higher temperatur e by s olar parabolic tr ough collector. Solar distillation is used to produce potable water or to produce wate r f or l ead acid batteri es or i n chemical l aborator ies as in thi s case . Th e leve l of diss olved soli ds in solar distil led water i s les s than 3 ppm and bacteria free. The requirements for this specific design are a target for distilling water regularly with low maintenance. Keywords : Solar parabolic collector, reflectors, distillation, maximum temperature, efficiency. I. I NTRODUCTION The current industrial growth and environmental impacts show that solar energy for solar thermal power plants is the most promising of the unconventional energy sources. The most common commercially available solar power plants use parabolic trough concentrators.Solar energy is an exhaustible source of energy potentially capable of meeting a significant portion of all nations Future energy needs with a minimum of adverse environmental consequences. The current industrial growth and environmental impacts shows that solar energy for solar thermal plant is the most promising of unconventional energy source. The solar energy option has been identified as one of the promising alternative source for future. Solar thermal utilization is of great importance for environmental protection and conventional energy saving. In the next few years it is expected that millions of households in the world will be using solar energy as the trends in USA and Japan show. In India too, the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency and the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources are formulating a programme to have solar energy in more than a million households in the next few years. However, the people’s initiative is essential if the programme is to be successful. Form of Energy: Thermal energy. This energy is used for: Cooking/Heating, Drying/Timber seasoning, Distillation, Electricity/Powergeneration,Cooling,Refrigeration.Some of the gadgets and other devices:Solar cooker, Flat plate solar cookers, Concentrating collectors, Solar hot water systems (Domestic and Industrial), Solar pond, Solar hot air systems, Solar Dryers, Solar timber kilns, solar stills, Solar photovoltaic systems, Solar pond, Concentrating collectors, Power Tower, Air conditioning, Solar collectors, coupled to absorption, Refrigeration systems. II. DISTILLATION OF WATER Distilled water is water that has many of its impurities removed through distillation. Distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container. There are multiple types of distillation, but all of them depend on separating components of a mixture based on their different boiling points. In a nutshell, water is heated to its boiling point. Chemicals t hat boil off at a lo wer temperature are collected and discarded; substances that remain in a container after the water evaporates also are discarded. The water that is collected thus has a higher purity than the initial liquid. Municipal water supplies almost always contain trace components at levels, which are regulated to be safe for consumption. Some ot her components such as tr ace l evels of aluminium may result from the treatment process (see water purification). Fluoride and other ions are not removed through conventional water filter treatments. However, distillation eliminates most impurities. Distilled water is also used for drinking water in arid seaside areas lacking sufficient freshwater, via desalination of seawater. 2.1 Solar Distillation Solar distillation is the process in which the sun evaporates the water from lakes, rivers, oceans and other surface waters leaving salts and other minerals behind. This evaporated water eventually reaches the upper atmosphere where it re-

brink depth at free overfall – a review

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