implement taste and smell with nanosensors - ieee€¦ · 22 . 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300...
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© Copyright 2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. HP Confidential.
Implement taste and smell with nanosensors
Zhiyong Li HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA, USA [email protected]
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© Copyright 2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. HP confidential.
2
Microtechnology and semiconductor industry have revolutionalized modern life
Smell
Taste ?
Sight Hearing Touch
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San Bruno Fire
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© Copyright 2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. HP confidential.
4 Milk adulteration with melamine
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5
Pesticide residue?
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© Copyright 2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. HP confidential.
Analysis of food contaminants in Lab
Extraction Analysis (GCLC-MS)
Time-consuming: several hours (exclude sample shipping) Expensive tools: hundreds of thousands dollar Complicated: need professional operator (labor cost)
Sample concentrator
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Safe, secure, sustainable world and people’s well-being demand more sensors
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Nanosensor is the solution to implement smell and taste (chemical sensing or chemosensation)
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Food and agriculture: food contaminant test and monitoring, $1.6billion market Healthcare: Disease diagnostic, patient monitoring, multi-function test strips $53billion IVD market Drug regulations: supply monitoring, anti-counterfeiting, 5-10% of WW pharmaceutical annual sales of $800billion is believed to be counterfeit Chemical industry: industrial chemical monitoring Government: environmental monitoring, security and defense applications, food, agriculture and drug regulations R&D organizations: developing new apps
Potential application of smell and taste nanosensors
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Silicon ChemFET Nanosensor
Circuitry at nanoscale
Selective surface functionalization
Specificity and sensitivity
Bio-compatibility
Stability & reliability Power
I/O interfacing
Low-cost high-value sensor technology for parallel detection of 100s – 1000s of bio-molecular species.
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Sensing proton to DNA
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000-5.0-4.5-4.0-3.5-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.02.5
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Micro-wire Nano-wire
C:\Documents and Settings\SVMO\My Documents\Projects\Calder\Details\13_05_r4c2_RIE_A1100_pHscl_1x ph micro nano - 27/22/2005 11:50:51
pH pH 5 4 5 6
pH 7 8 9 10 9 8
25 pM
n-SiNW
p-SiNW
Control
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Z. Li, et al, Nanoletter, 2004, 4, 245
pH sensing DNA sensing
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I. Park, Z. Li et al, Nano Letters, 2007 and 2011
Smelling the hydrosulfide gas
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Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) – enabling “molecular fingerprinting”
SERS Enhancement Factor ∝ |E(ω)|2 |E(ω’)|2
also approx. to ~ |E|4
Localized surface plasmon on nanostructure can enhance the Raman scattering process -- SERS
Electromagnetic field induced EF: 106 - 1012
SERS
No SERS
DNT
106-1012
Gain
Ag NP
hν
hν’
hν’ hν
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Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
1974 – M. Fleischman studied pyridine on roughened silver with increased surface area.
1977 – Rick Van Duyne and Alan Creighton reported enhancement of ~105 - 106 -- much too large to account for, by the increased surface area alone.
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Publications in SERS area
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HP’s SERS Technology Evolution
Black Silicon (Etched Silicon Cones)
Polymer Cones (nanoimprinted)
Periodic Cones (nanoimprinted)
500nm
Periodic Gold Fingers
(nanoimprinted)
Deterministic Gold Fingers
(nanoimprinted)
2008
2009
2010
2011
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Molecular Trapped in SERS “hot-spots”
Top view of nanofingers
Field map of closed nanofingers
Cartoon of molecular Trapping
Hu, M. et. al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12820.
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Top-down meets self-assembly the leap from stochastic to deterministic SERS structures
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• Leverage advantages from both top-down and bottom-up approaches – No need of costly critical dimension control. • Easy scale-up for large area uniformity and reliable hot spots – Roll-to-roll plastic fab. • Micro-capillary driven “finger” closing – Easy for fluidic interface, no power nor complicated controls needed. • Molecule self-limiting of the gap sizes, as small as sub-nm – Physical limit of the smallest separation manufacturable, hence strongest coupling effect. • Active molecule trapping by the fingers – Molecular tweezer with build-in sensing functionality.
Advantages of nanofinger structures
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CAN WE DESIGN FINGER SYMMETRY? 2 3 4 5 7
200 nm
Ou, F. S. et. al. Nano Letters, 2011, 11, 2538–2542.
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SERS of nanofinger of different symmetry
Ou, F. S. et. al. Nano Letters, 2011, 11, 2538–2542.
BPE
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100f 1p 10p 100p 1n 10n 100n 1μ 10μ 100μ 1m
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BPE sensing
NN
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Demonstration A:
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Concentration of melamine (mol/L)
max. amount in infant formula (FDA):
1 mg/kg (1part per million)
Melamine contamination in milk, 300,000 victims in China 2008
Melamine sensing with HP nanofinger SERS: >10,000× better than competitors
Detection limit of 100 parts per trillion
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Demonstration B:
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EPA regulation: 0.1 parts per million
on citrus fruits
Chlropyrifos sensing with HP nanofinger SERS: >1,000× lower than EPA regulation
Detection limit of 35 parts per trillion
Chlropyrifos, is a neurotoxin, carcinogen, once popular pesticide used worldwide, and the residue can be found in vegetables, fruits, etc.
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