On ideas

Idea defined The intellectual image/representation

of a thing. The mental expression of an essence,

a product of simple apprehension, may be expressed in meaningful terms.

Building blocks of knowledge

IDEOGENESIS: birth of an idea

EXTERNAL SENSES

• SIGHT (VISUAL) – eye:light/color

• SMELL (OLFACTORY) – nose: odor

• TASTE (GUSTATORY) – tongue: flavor

• HEARING (AUDITORY) – ears: sound

• TOUCH (TACTILE) – skin: texture, temperature, etc

INTERNAL SENSES

• COMMON SENSE• MEMORY• IMAGINATION• ESTIMATIVE

FACULTY

ABSTRACTION

• PHYSICAL• MATHEMATICAL• METAPHYSICAL

IDEA

Properties (functions)

COMPREHENSION- The sum total of thought

elements/conceptual features that comprise an idea.

- Also known as CONNOTATION

Comprehension

electronic devicedata

gathering

computer

Computer – electronic data gathering device

Extension

Macbook Pro

HP Mininote

Acer Aspire

computer

Properties (functions)

LOGICAL RULE:- THERE IS A REVERSE RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN COMPREHENSION AND EXTENSION- Greater Comprehension : Lesser Extension- Lesser Comprehension : Greater Extension

Properties (functions)COMPREHENSION EXTENSION

Being Spirit, Mineral, Plant, Brute, Man

Corporeal Being Mineral, Plant, Brute, Man

Vegetative, Corporeal Being Plant, Brute, Man

Sentient, Vegetative, Corporeal Being

Brute, Man

Sentient, Vegetative, Corporeal, Rational Being

Man

Types: accdg. to Comprehension

Simple and Compound (STRUCTURE)

SIMPLE – expresses a single conceptual feature, applicable to all if not most

BEING, EXISTENCE COMPOUND – expresses several conceptual elements/features

MAN – rational animalCOMPUTER – electronic processing device.

 One and Multiple (GENERAL VIEW)ONE – expresses one thing, nature or formal feature

MAN, HOUSE

MULTIPLE – expresses explicitly a thing as modified by another thing.

POOR MANTHREE STOREY HOUSE

Types: accdg. to Comprehension

 Concrete and Abstract (SUBJECT)

CONCRETE – with a subjectmetaphysical– reality (hunger)physical– physiological (itch)

ABSTRACT – expresses only a nature or a formal feature without a subject.

justice, religiosity

Types: accdg. to Comprehension

Types: accdg. to Comprehension

Absolute and Relative (BY RELATION TO ANOTHER COMPREHENSION)

ABSOLUTE – exists in itself and for itselfman, animal, minerals

RELATIVE – necessarily bears a relation to something else.

substitute teacher, vice-president

Types: accdg. to ExtensionSINGULAR - applies to a single member of a class

The President of the Republic of the Philippines

Diamond – the hardest mineral

Types: accdg. to ExtensionUNIVERSAL - applies individually to all members of a class

Car (all applicable to SUV, Sedan)Wine (all applicable to Merlot,

Chardonnay, Shiraz)

Types: accdg. to ExtensionPARTICULAR - applies to some members of a class

Half a dozenQuarter of a century

Several ladiesFew devotees

Types: accdg. to ExtensionCOLLECTIVE - applies to a all members of a class counted as one.

UST Philets Batch 1968Thomasians

Christendom

Types: accdg. to ExtensionTRANSCENDENTAL - applies to all members of all classes

BeingTruth

Types: accdg. to RelationIDENTICAL and EQUIVALENT(refer to same objects)

Identical – same conceptual features3 + 2 and 2 + 3 God = Absolute Being

Equivalent – different conceptual features

5 X 1 and 4 + 1Salt and NaCl

Types: accdg. to RelationPERTINENT and IMPERTINENT(refer to different but related objects)

Pertinent – somehow related to each otherFreedom and ResponsibilityFood and Drinks

Impertinent – neither related nor opposed to each other

Toothpaste and RoosterLove and Clearwater

Types: accdg. to RelationCOMPATIBLE and INCOMPATIBLE

Compatible – with features that may exist in a subject

Beauty and IntelligenceFaith and Reason

Incompatible – with features that may not coexist in a subject

Square and Circle (in one figure)Darkness and Light (in one space)

Types: accdg. to RelationTYPES OF INCOMPATIBLE CONCEPTS: Contradictory – negation

Black – Non-blackOpen – Non-opened

Contrary – oppositionBlack – White (extreme opposites)Open - Closed

Privative – absenceSight – Blindness (absence of

sight) Correlative – complementariness

Man - Woman

Types: accdg. to RelationRule for Contradictory ideas:

If one is TRUE, the other is FALSE and vice-versa.

The shirt is black. (True)The shirt is non-black. (False)

Types: accdg. to RelationRule for Contrary ideas:

If one is TRUE, the other is FALSE but not vice-versa. (If one is FALSE, the

other is DOUBTFUL)

The shirt is black. (True)The shirt is non-black. (False)

The shirt is black. (False)The shirt is white. (Doubtful, it could be

red)

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