icawc 2013 - sarcoptic and demodectic mange - david grant
DESCRIPTION
ICAWC 2013 Barcelona, Spain - David Grant's presentation on Sarcoptic and Demodectic MangeTRANSCRIPT
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What you need to know about
demodectic and sarcoptic
mange
David Grant
B.Vet. Med. Cert.SAD. F.R.C.V.S.
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Canine Demodicosis and
Canine Scabies • Both canine demodicosis and canine
scabies are parasitic diseases caused by
mites invisible to the naked eye
• They are generally diagnosed from the
clinical signs and by skin scraping, hair
plucks or tape strips and identification of
the mite microscopically
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CANINE DEMODICOSIS
• The disease is caused by Demodex canis
• This is a parasitic mite which is
transferred from the carrier mother to her
pups in the first 2 or 3 days of life
• Thereafter the disease is non-contagious
• This is an important distinction from
canine scabies which is highly contagious
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DEMODEX CANIS LIFE
CYCLE IMAGES
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DEMODEX CANIS
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CANINE DEMODICOSIS-
Demodex canis
• CLINICAL FEATURES
• The disease is more common in pedigree dogs, particularly short haired
• Can occur in long-haired dogs e.g. Old English Sheepdog, West Highland White and Afghan.
• There are three forms of the disease. These are :-
• Localised and generalised
• A few cases present with foot lesions only. This is called Demodectic pododermatitis
• The majority of cases present in the first year of life-called juvenile onset
• A minority present in older dogs more than 2 years of age and usually in old age. These are called adult onset demodicosis and is associated with suppression of the immune system. These have a guarded outlook because there may be a serious underlying disease
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LOCALISED DEMODICOSIS
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GENERALISED
DEMODICOSIS
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‘REDDE’ MANGE
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CANINE DEMODICOSIS
Diagnosis • Deep skin scrapings using blunted
number 10 scalpel blade
• Hair plucks
• Tape strips using scotch diamond ultra-
transparent
• Impression smears if deep pyoderma
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CANINE DEMODICOSIS-
licensed treatment • Amitraz(Aludex) 0.5% solution weekly
• Metaflumizone + amitraz spot
on(Promeris duo) every 2 weeks. This is
off label as manufacturer recommends
monthly
• Moxidectin + imidacloprid spot
on(advocate) weekly spot on
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CANINE DEMODICOSIS
Unlicensed treatment • Ivermectin. Orally at a dose of 0.3-0.6
mg/kg daily Do not use in collies and
related breeds-neurotoxic. Prudent to
start with 0.1 mg/kg and build up over a
week or two until at the upper dose rate.
Commonly first choice in many parts of
the world
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Before treatment with promeris
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Before treatment with amitraz
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Before treatment with
ivermectin
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Demodectic pododermatitis
before ivermectin treatment
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CANINE SCABIES
(Sarcoptic mange) • Caused by the parasitic mite Sarcoptes
scabiei var canis
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SARCOPTES SCABIEI
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Canine Scabies
Clinical signs
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CANINE SCABIES
• DIAGNOSIS • History, physical examination, skin scrapings, ELISA
test and/or trial therapy • Often mildly pruritic initially but gets markedly worse
without treatment • Sarcoptes can be difficult to capture even with
numerous skin scrapings therefore- • Trial therapy should be given to any dog suspected of
having scabies even if scrapings are negative
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CANINE SCABIES
TREATMENT Amitraz-5 to 6 weekly baths recommended, at a dilution of 250
ppm Cannot be used in Chihuahuas, puppies less than 12 weeks of
age, pregnant or lactating bitches Selamectin(Stronghold)is licensed-spot on every month for three
applications Moxidectin(Advocate) is licensed-spot on every two weeks for
three applications With therapeutic trial veterinarian should apply and monitor
(Ivermectin is effective at 200 mcg/kg subcutaneous injection x 3 at
10 day intervals but is not licensed)
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CANINE SCABIES-treatment
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SUMMARY
CANINE DEMODICOSIS
• Caused by Demodex canis
• Not contagious
• Not usually pruritic(except
if severe secondary
infection)
• Can be difficult to cure and
labour intensive
• Licensed and unlicensed
products available with
cure rate c 90%+
CANINE SCABIES
• Caused by Sarcoptes
scabiei var canis
• Highly contagious
• Severe pruritus which
escalates
• Most cases easy to cure
• Effective licensed products
available - seldom need to
use unlicensed. Cure rate
approaching 100%