How were cells discovered?

The microscope led to the discovery of cells

In 1665, a scientist from England named Robert Hooke studied a thin slice of cork tree under the microscope

• When he discovered the cork had holes in it, he named the holes cells

• He thought the cork holes looked like empty rooms

• Why did the inside of the cell look empty?

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek• Was the first person to

describe living cells in 1670’s

• He looked at a drop of pond water under a microscope

• To his surprise, he found that a drop of water was full of living things

• He observed unicellular organisms

Where do cells come from?

• In 1850’s, the answer to the question was answered

•People studying all types of living cells observed the same thing-that cells divide

•Using a microscope, it was evident where cells come from, life comes from life ,or one cell comes from another cell.

•These observations and evidence were gathered and summarized into the cell theory

I. Cell Theory

A. All organisms are composed of one or more cells

B. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things

C. All cells come from existing cells

Cell

II.Two Types of CellsProkaryotic Eukaryotic

Bacteria DNA

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Small Size

Ribosomes

Nucleus

Membrane bound organelles

Plants, animals, protists, and fungi

III. Animal & Plant CellsAnimal Plant

Centrioles Cell Membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Cytoplasm E.R.

Chloroplast

Cell Wall

Large Central Vacuole

IV. Levels of Organization in Living Things A. Multi-cellular organisms have cell specialization – similar cells are grouped together to perform specific functions

IV. Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Organelles

1. Nucleus

2. Ribosomes

3. Cell membrane

4. Cell wall

5. Cytoplasm

6. Chloroplast

7. Golgi Apparatus

8. Vacuoles

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

10. Mitochondria

11. Lysosomes

Animal vs. Plant Cells

1. Nucleus- Contains the cell’s DNA & is the control center of the cell

The nucleus is like the principal of a school, because the nucleus

controls the cell like the principal controls the

school.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

2. Ribosome- The site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins.

Ribosome are like a factory, because ribosomes make proteins like factories make different products.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

3. Cell Membrane- Controls the movement of nutrients into the cell and waste products out of the cell

The cell membrane is like a security guard, because the cell membrane controls what goes in and out of a cell like a security guard controls who goes in and out of the gate.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

4. Cell Wall -Supports and protects the cell while still letting materials pass through it.

The cell wall is like a bullet proof vest, because a cell wall protects the cell like a bullet proof vest protects its user.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

5. Cytoplasm -is the fluid-like material inside the cell that contains all of the cell’s organelles

The cytoplasm is like a congealed salad because the cytoplasm surrounds and suspends the cell’s organelles like the jello surrounds and suspends the fruit in the congealed salad.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

6. Chloroplast- Converts the sun’s energy into high – energy sugars

through process of photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts are like solar panels because chloroplasts convert the sun’s energy into energy that can be used by cells like solar panels convert the sun’s energy into energy that can be used by a house.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

7. Golgi Apparatus- site where proteins are further processed for shipment out of the cell.

The Golgi Apparatus is like a UPS truck because the golgi apparatus packages and ships proteins where they are needed like a UPS truck packages and ships items where they are needed.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

8. Vacuoles- Store water, nutrients and even wastes.

A vacuole is like a thermos because a vacuole stores water and nutrients until it is needed like a thermos stores water food until it is needed.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum- System of tubes through the cytoplasm that allow proteins & other materials to pass from one place to another.

The endoplasmic reticulum is like the highway system because the cell uses the endoplasmic reticulum to move material throughout the cell like people use highways to move throughout the country.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

10. Mitochondria- Uses cellular respiration to convert food energy into a chemical energy called ATP that can be used by the cell.

Mitochondria are like the human digestive system because the digestive system breaks down food to supply the body with energy like the mitochondria breaks down food to supply the cell with energy.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

11. Lysosome - digests wastes, worn out cell parts, and foreign invaders

Lysosomes are like trash cans because lysosomes get rid of unwanted things inside the cell like trashcans are used to get rid of unwanted things inside a house.

Animal vs. Plant Cells

Lysosome

N/A