how to draw a pen diagram. background info electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: How to Draw a PEN Diagram. Background Info Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082518/5697bfe21a28abf838cb41a3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
How to Draw a PEN Diagram
![Page 2: How to Draw a PEN Diagram. Background Info Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082518/5697bfe21a28abf838cb41a3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background Info
• Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells
• Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron shell. All other atoms have 2 or more shells
• The shells can hold different amounts of electrons– The first shell (closest to the nucleus) can hold 2– The second shell can hold 8– The third shell can hold 18– The fourth shell can hold 32
![Page 3: How to Draw a PEN Diagram. Background Info Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082518/5697bfe21a28abf838cb41a3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• The number of shells an atom has depends on its number of electrons
• Each shell must have its full number of electrons before a new shell starts
• The outer shell of most atoms is not full– Only the atoms in Group 18 have full outer shells
![Page 4: How to Draw a PEN Diagram. Background Info Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082518/5697bfe21a28abf838cb41a3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Protons
Neutrons
Shell 1:Holds 2 electrons
Shell 2:Holds 8 electrons
Shell 3:Holds 18 electrons
![Page 5: How to Draw a PEN Diagram. Background Info Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082518/5697bfe21a28abf838cb41a3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Drawing a PEN Diagram
1. Get out your periodic table2. Determine the number of protons and
electrons– Identify the element’s atomic number• This number is also the number of protons and
electrons
– Write this number on the top line in the nucleus of your PEN diagram
![Page 6: How to Draw a PEN Diagram. Background Info Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082518/5697bfe21a28abf838cb41a3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3. Determine the number of neutrons– Locate the element on the periodic table – Identify the element’s atomic number and
atomic weight• Round the atomic weight to the nearest whole
number (mass number)
– Subtract the number of protons from the mass number• Mass Number = protons + neutrons
– Write this number on the bottom line in the nucleus of your PEN diagram
![Page 7: How to Draw a PEN Diagram. Background Info Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082518/5697bfe21a28abf838cb41a3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
4. Remember your number of protons and electrons– Forgot? This is written on the top line inside the
nucleus of your PEN diagram
5. Determine the number of electrons in each shell– Put 2 electrons in the first shell. Subtract 2 from
your total number of electrons– The second shell can hold up to 8. Put up to 8
remaining electrons in this shell– The third shell can hold up to 18. Put up to 8
remaining electrons in this shell
![Page 8: How to Draw a PEN Diagram. Background Info Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082518/5697bfe21a28abf838cb41a3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example: Chlorine
1718287
![Page 9: How to Draw a PEN Diagram. Background Info Electrons’ movements are arranged into energy levels called shells Hydrogen and Helium have only 1 electron](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082518/5697bfe21a28abf838cb41a3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Example: Lithium
3421