Horizon Prizes for the Cleanest Engine

A response to the air quality challenge

Maurizio Maggiore – Julija Sakovica – Guido Sacchetto

European Commission – DG RTD H2

Surface Transport

Martin Weiss – Barouch Giechaskiel – Giorgio Martini

JRC Ispra

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WHYTwo Cleanest engine Prizes?

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Pollution levels remain high in the EU

Source: EEA Air Quality in Europe 20133

Pollution levels remain high in the EU

Source: EEA Air Quality in Europe 20134

Global effect on humans reaches 500.000 premature deaths in 2015

Not only:• During pregnancy, reduced foetal growth, premature

births and miscarriages• During childhood, significant effects on development,

triggering allergies, diabetes, asthma• Similar effects on animals• Strong black carbon effect on global warming, acid rains

from NOx

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Affected policies:• Health• Air quality• Decarbonisation• Industrial policy

NOx emissions from carsdon't decrease fast enough

Source: TNO, LUBW 20156

Most cars above the limits Many are clean onlyin real driving on the test cycle

Area of the

test cycle

Unregulated pollutants are potential issues too, we don’t want to create new problems

• NO2 artificially increased to facilitate filter regeneration

• Ammonia from urea-based systems

• CO/HC from engines using advanced combustion modes

• Aldehydes from biofuel components

• N2O has huge effect on climate, byproduct of catalysts

• ... New chemicals from new catalysts?

Source: SWRI, AVL

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Strong support for strict legislation voicedby local authorities affected by pollution

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First stage of legislation approved

Several areas in which real driving definition is limited,conformity factors still high in the initial period of application

Further packages being worked out, mostly procedures forpollutants not included in the first version

However…

Perceived insufficient stringency by local autorities, leading torestrictions to diesels, even brand new Euro 6, and legal actionagainst the new regulation

The policy answer: light duty Real Driving Emissions legislation

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WHYPrizes?

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The research answer: research and prizes

• All H2020 engine topics include Real Driving verification

• New topics on brake particles and sub-23nm emissions from

gasoline direct injection engines

• Prizes on retrofits and future engines for:

Stimulating technological innovation and reducing pollutant emissions from

passenger cars

Involving newcomers and fresh thinking

Establishing feasibility of best-practice technologies

Providing national and local authorities with real solutions, certified to work in

real "real driving"

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WHYTwo Prizes?

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A comprehensive approach

EU cities have a problem NOW

• Prize on retrofits addresses cleaning the existing fleet

Many of these cars will be around for at least 10 years

Not everybody can afford to change car

Today to be clean it would need to be electric, even less affordable

Looking into the future

• Prize on future engines

Looks for a short term alternative to electrification if it grows slowly (a safety net)

Useful also for hybrids, so in a longer term

Also looks for low fuel consumption in "real driving"

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Timeline:

3.5 M€ Prize value

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Looks for an « ideal » lean burn engine that uses either petrol or diesel to achieve:

• very low polluting emissions

• high energy efficiency

Innovative engine to be installed on C-class donor vehicle and delivered to JRC at

time of submission

Submission includes description and results of tests at independent lab

No form of hybridisation allowed

Particle number threshold at 10nm

Solutions should not generate other pollutants, and be compliant with operational

and market requirements (safety, noise, performance etc)

Measures against defeat devices in the Rules of Contest

Checked in real driving

The Horizon Prize: Cleanest Engine of the Future in synthesis…

Timeline:

1.5 M€ Prize value

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• Looks for an effective retrofit for Euro 5b diesel engines to achieve low polluting

emissions without overly affecting other performances and at reasonable cost

• Bonus points if solution can be applied to:

• Diesel and gasoline direct injection cars without particle filter

• Early Euro 6 vehicles making them compliant with first stage Euro 6 RDE

• To be installed on C-class donor vehicle (list just published) and delivered to JRC at

time of submission

• Submission includes description and results of tests at independent lab

• Limited hybridisation allowed

• Solutions should not generate other pollutants, and be compliant with operational

and market requirements (safety, noise, etc)

• Measures against defeat devices in the Rules of Contest

• Checked in real urban driving

The Horizon Prize: Engine Retrofit for Clean Air in synthesis…

THANKSfor your attention!

Any questions?

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Reserve slideon how submissions

will be assessed

On-road testing with PEMSPEMS installation

• Analyzer unit (NOx, CO, CO2, HC, PN) in the

cabin or on a tow bar

• Tail-pipe connection of exhaust flow meter

• Electrical batteries and gas bottles in the cabin

• Weather station and GPS on/near the roof

• NO connection to the engine control unit possible

• Total PEMS mass: first generation ≈100-130 kg;

second generation ≈60 kg (+ 1 co-pilot)

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