HOOF AND MOUTH DISEASEThe first known case of HMD was found in Italy, 1514

The United States had nine out breaks from 1870 to 1929

Rebecca Rebecca SchulzeSchulze

Hoof and Mouth:Hoof and Mouth:Serotypes (each contains multiple subtypes):•O•A•C•Asia 1•South African Territories (1,2,3) * Serotype O outbreaks in

2005. Gray areas show they do not contain this type of HMD. Could contain other serotype.

• O, A and C occurred in Europe, South America, Central America, Asia, Africa. •SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 mainly occur in Africa •SAT1 caused an extensive epizootic in the Middle East.• Asia 1 has occurred in Asia

Cause of HMDInfectious RNA viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals

Animals can recover from HMD but will be asymptomatic and have the potential to pass on the disease.

Damages epithelial cells around the mouth, feet, mucus membranes, and gut.

Morbidity is high , but mortality is low in adult animals. Young animals die due to damage of heart muscles.

* Hoof and Mouth disease virus (red) replicating near nucleus (blue) infected cell*

Species affectedSpecies affectedSeen mostly in cattle and swine, but can also be seen in other cloven-hoofed animals such as sheep, goats and deer.

Symptoms•High fever•Blister-like lesions•Foamy saliva/ drool•Sores on feet•Weight loss/milk production

Symptoms will show in 4 days, sheep may have mild or undetected signs

How it is How it is Transmitted?Transmitted?

•Spreads between animals

•Excreted from breath, saliva, mucus, milk, and feces

•Spreads from livestock equipment, mud/manure on footwear, wind, grass, straw, clothing

Infected by:

•Inhalation

•Ingestion

•Direct contact

Prevention Vaccinations are given to prevent the HMD from occurring in the US

If HMD is within the United States an eradication program is followed. All infected or exposed susceptible animals are killed and the carcasses buried or burned