hiv history
TRANSCRIPT
Good Morning!Warm-up:
1. Think back to yesterday’s lesson. Period 1: Sex in Cup Period 2: Donate Life (LifeSharing)
1. What did you like and dislike about each period?2. What did you think was the objective of each
period?3. What did you learn from each period? 4. Do you think this information is of value to you
personally? Why or why not?5. Any additional comments or questions.
2. Turn in your Lab Report with Results, and Analysis to the Inbox
Announcements:
Advisory is after Lunch Honors Volunteer: come see me Exam?
Agenda:
1. Conclusion for Daphnia Projec
2. HIV/AIDs History, Origins, Transmission.
ConclusionIn your conclusion, neatly sum up what you learned from the experiment. Did the hypothesis teach you anything? Were the results what you expected? Why or why not?
Steps:
1. Restate the purpose of the experiment (1 sentence)
2. Restate the hypothesis and results.
3. State what you learned from this experiment based on your results
4. Summarize what your next steps would be if you were to continue on this research.
HIV History1884 – 1924: SIV transfers to humans as HIV
HIV-1: Chimpanzee originFrom Cameroon, Congo CARMore Virulent (Pandemic)
HIV-2: Sooty MangabeeMonkeyLess Virulent (West Africa)
HIV History“Bushmeat or Hunter” Theory
SIV infections are not rare in Central Africa: the percentage of people showing seroreactivity to antigens (evidence of current or past SIV infection) was 2.3% among the general population of Cameroon, 7.8% in villages where bushmeat is practiced, and 17.1% in the most exposed people of these villages.
HIV HistoryZoonosis (transfer of a pathogen from non-human animals to humans) and subsequent spread of the pathogen between humans, requires the following conditions:
1. a human population;
2. a nearby population of a host animal;
3. an infectious pathogen in the host animal that can spread from animal to human;
4. Interaction between the species to transmit enough of the pathogen to humans to establish a human foothold, which could have taken millions of individual exposures;
5. Ability of the pathogen to spread from human to human (perhaps acquired by mutation);
6. Some process allowing the pathogen to disperse widely, preventing the infection from "burning out" by either killing off its human hosts or provoking immunity in a local population of humans.
HIV HistorySide Note:
Nathan Wolfe's jungle search for viruses
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/nathan_wolfe_hunts_for_the_next_aids.html
HIV HistoryHow HIV travelled the world.
1880s: Colonization of Africa by European colonial powers. Brought with them infrastructure, medical interventions, new work force outside of villages.
'Heart of Darkness' by Paper Jim Moore not Joseph Conrad’s Book
HIV History1959-1960
David Carr: UK Sailor
Congolese Man and woman
Norwegian Sailor
Late 1960- Early 1970
Africa Haiti US
US – Mid to Late 1970s: Noticing Deaths
HIV HistoryUCLA June 5, 1981: CDC published doctor report of 5 homosexual men in LA who died of pneumonia.
Then 26 cases of Karposi’s Scarcoma
HIV History1981: Unknown disease is labeled as GRID (Gay Related Immunodeficiency Disease)
Prominent in homosexual male community because of bath houses, no protection, large number of sexual partners
Early 1980s:
The Disease of the 4H:
- Haitians
- Homosexuals (males)
- Heroin abusers
- Hemophiliacs
HIV HistoryAugust 1982: GRID AIDs
Huge debate in scientific community between name importance
1983: non-drug using women and children get diagnosed with AIDs
1984: HIV is discovered (1960-1984: 24 years)
- Realization of AIDs in Africa
- First Needle Exchange Program in Netherlands
HIV History1985: HIV blood screening test is licensed for blood supply
- AIDs found in China: Government Plasma Exchange Program
1986: over 38,000 cases reported from 85 countries
1987: AZT first drug for HIV
1988: US create National AIDs education campaign
1990: 8 million diagnosed and living
2006: 38 million diagnosed and living
MovieAnd the Band Played On (1993)