History of HIVHistory of HIV

First appeared in USA in early First appeared in USA in early 1980’s1980’s

Originated in AfricaOriginated in Africa

The HIV virus in humans The HIV virus in humans evolvedevolved from a virus in these from a virus in these primates: primates:

1. Sooty mangabey monkey1. Sooty mangabey monkey 2. Chimps2. Chimps

The virus is called The virus is called SIVSIV:: Simian ImmunodeficiencySimian Immunodeficiency VirusVirus

What is HIV?What is HIV?

HIV is anHIV is an RNARNA virusvirus

HIV infects theHIV infects the T cellsT cells

T cells helpT cells help fight off infectionsfight off infections

HIV is a type of “HIV is a type of “Hidden VirusHidden Virus” ”

HIV or Human HIV or Human ImmunodeficienImmunodeficien

cy Viruscy Virus HIVHIV destroys a part of the destroys a part of the immune system. immune system.

It affects It affects T-cellsT-cells which are which are white white

blood cellsblood cells

These white blood cells fight These white blood cells fight

viruses, bacteria and help viruses, bacteria and help prevent diseases.prevent diseases.

The 4 major routes of transmission of HIV:

1. Unprotected sex 2. Contaminated needles 3. Breast milk 4. Transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth

* Blood transfusions are not longer a problem

AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeSyndrome

Human T Human T lymphocytes lymphocytes

(T cells)(T cells)

Magnification Magnification 2,600x2,600x

AIDSAIDS is the diseases is the diseases caused by caused by HIVHIV or or

Human Immunodeficiency Human Immunodeficiency VirusVirus

When too many When too many T cellsT cells are are destroyed by HIV they can destroyed by HIV they can no longer fight off no longer fight off infectionsinfections

The individual now has the The individual now has the disease called disease called AIDSAIDS

Person can have AIDS for Person can have AIDS for years and not know it. Why years and not know it. Why is this is this

dangerousdangerous??????????

AIDS and other diseasesAIDS and other diseases

People with AIDS get other diseases and infectionsPeople with AIDS get other diseases and infections

1. Cancer – Kaposi's sarcoma1. Cancer – Kaposi's sarcoma

2. Hepatitis C2. Hepatitis C

3. Fungal infections3. Fungal infections

4. Bacterial infection4. Bacterial infection

5. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma – blood cancer involving 5. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma – blood cancer involving

Lymphocytes Lymphocytes

6. Lung Cancer6. Lung Cancer

7. Cancer in the digestive tract7. Cancer in the digestive tract

AIDS PREVALANCEAIDS PREVALANCE(Who has AIDS)(Who has AIDS)

In In 20052005 Worldwide: Worldwide:

Close to Close to 40 million40 million people worldwide are infected people worldwide are infected

Almost Almost 4 million4 million people were infected in 2005 people were infected in 2005

65%65% of AIDS victims live in sub-Saharan Africa of AIDS victims live in sub-Saharan Africa

* * 70%70% of these victims are WOMEN of these victims are WOMEN

Close to 15 million children are orphans Close to 15 million children are orphans

due to AIDSdue to AIDS

In the U.S.In the U.S.

1 – 1.2 million people have AIDS1 – 1.2 million people have AIDS

25% may not even know they are infected25% may not even know they are infected

Is there a cure for AIDS?Is there a cure for AIDS?

Unfortunately Unfortunately NONO!!!!!!!!

ButBut, there are drugs that can stop , there are drugs that can stop HIV HIV from causing from causing

more damage to the more damage to the T-cellsT-cells and the and the immune system.immune system.

These are called These are called AntiviralAntiviral drugs drugs

What can you do to prevent HIV from spreading?????What can you do to prevent HIV from spreading?????

Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIVHIV

HIV infection. HIV infection.

Release of HIV mature Release of HIV mature virus from a virus from a T cell T cell lymphocytelymphocyte

Nucleus of T cellNucleus of T cell: : PinkPink

Cytoplasm of T cellCytoplasm of T cell: : PurplePurple

RNA virus, RNA virus, Retroviridae Retroviridae FamilyFamily

Magnification: Magnification: x14,555x14,555

Electron microscope pictures Electron microscope pictures of HIVof HIV

HIVHIV infection. infection.

Mature virus and budding Mature virus and budding release of HIV in human lymph release of HIV in human lymph tissue tissue

Magnification: x14,555

Magnification: x17,545

Review QuestionsReview Questions

Q: Q: Which cells of the immune system does the HIV virus Which cells of the immune system does the HIV virus destroys? destroys?

A: T-CellsA: T-Cells

Q: What are the 4 major routes of transmission?Q: What are the 4 major routes of transmission? A: Unprotected sexA: Unprotected sex Sharing contaminated needlesSharing contaminated needles Breast milkBreast milk From mother to her unborn babyFrom mother to her unborn baby

Q: What is the name of the disease caused by HIV?Q: What is the name of the disease caused by HIV? A: AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeA: AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Q: What kind of a virus is HIV? DNA or RNAQ: What kind of a virus is HIV? DNA or RNA A: RNAA: RNA

Q: Q: What happens when too many T cells are destroyed?What happens when too many T cells are destroyed?

A: The person gets AIDS and other diseasesA: The person gets AIDS and other diseases

Q: Name 3 other diseases or infections that people with AIDS Q: Name 3 other diseases or infections that people with AIDS

can get?can get?

A: Kaposi’s Sarcoma Lung cancer InfectionsA: Kaposi’s Sarcoma Lung cancer Infections

Q: Is there cure for AIDS?Q: Is there cure for AIDS?

A: Not at the present time but scientists are workingA: Not at the present time but scientists are working

very hard. Will you be the scientist who discoversvery hard. Will you be the scientist who discovers

the cure?????the cure?????

Q: Is there any treatment?Q: Is there any treatment?

A: Yes, antiviral drugs are now available to help patients liveA: Yes, antiviral drugs are now available to help patients live

longer liveslonger lives